Management of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting New Agents and New Uses of Current Agents 1st Edition by Rudolph Navari 3319270166 9783319270166

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ISBN-10 :  3319270166 

ISBN-13 :  9783319270166

Author:   Rudolph M. Navari 

This book provides a comprehensive review of new agents, a detailed description of new uses of current agents, and an integration of the available agents in clinical practice. A description of a detailed clinical approach provides clinical practitioners with the most up-to-date recommendations for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in various clinical settings. CINV is one of the most feared treatment related toxicities. Patient surveys for the past thirty years consistently demonstrate patients’ perception of deterioration in quality of life due to chemotherapy treatments. The introduction of the antiemetics, serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, have improved the control of chemotherapy-induced emesis, but the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea remains a significant clinical problem. Patients continue to have quality of life issues which prevent normal functioning during active treatment. New agents such as the second generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist palonosetron and the new neuroknin-1 receptor antagonists rolapitant and netupitant are being introduced into clinical practice, and it is anticipated that these new agents will improve the control of CINV. Agents such as olanzapine (a FDA approved anti-psychotic), gabapentin (a FDA approved neuroleptic), and ginger (a food additive), which have been used primarily for other indications, are now being tested as potential, effective antiemetics.  This work represents the first available comprehensive summary that details all new antiemetic agents and, particularly, their clinical role in treating patients; an important reference for practitioners seeking to improve the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Management of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting New Agents and New Uses of Current Agents 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction
References
Chapter 2: The Physiology and Pharmacology of Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Anticancer Chemother
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Why Should Anticancer Therapies Induce Nausea and Vomiting? An Evolutionary Perspective
2.3 Animal Models vs. the Clinic and the Problems of Studying Nausea in Humans
2.3.1 Cancer Patients and Animal Models: Limitations
2.3.2 The Problems of Studying Nausea in Humans
2.3.2.1 Definition
2.3.2.2 Biomarkers
2.3.2.3 Investigating Nausea in Patients and Healthy Volunteers
2.3.2.4 Assessing Efficacy of Anti-emetics Against Nausea
2.3.2.5 Can Nausea Be Studied in Animals?
2.4 The Physiology of Nausea
2.4.1 Hormones
2.4.2 The Autonomic Nervous System and the Stomach
2.4.3 The Brain
2.5 The Physiology of Retching and Vomiting
2.5.1 Pre-expulsion
2.5.1.1 Skin
2.5.1.2 Cardiovascular System
2.5.1.3 Digestive Tract
2.5.2 Expulsion
2.5.3 Between Emetic Episodes
2.6 Inputs: How Are Nausea and Vomiting Induced?
2.6.1 The Tongue and Pharynx
2.6.2 The Gastrointestinal Tract and Visceral Afferents
2.6.2.1 Abdominal Vagal Afferents
Mechanoreceptors
Mucosal Afferents
2.6.2.2 Splanchnic Afferents
2.6.3 The Area Postrema
2.6.4 The Vestibular System and Vestibulo-Visual Conflicts
2.6.5 Cortical Inputs
2.7 Central Integration
2.8 Endogenous Anti-emetic Mechanisms
2.8.1 Pulmonary Vagal Afferents
2.8.2 Brain Mechanisms
2.9 Acute and Delayed CINV: Mechanism, Pathways and Aspects of Anti-emetic Pharmacology
2.9.1 Before Chemotherapy
2.9.2 Acute Phase of Emesis Induced by Chemotherapy
2.9.2.1 The Latent Period and the Enterochromaffin Cell–Vagal Afferent Unit
2.9.2.2 Sustaining and Stopping the Acute Emetic Response
2.9.3 Delayed Phase Induced by Chemotherapy
2.9.3.1 Subsequent Cycles
2.10 Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 3: First-Generation 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Physiology of CINV
3.3 Development of First-Generation 5-HT3 Antagonists
3.3.1 Ondansetron
3.3.2 Dolasetron
3.3.3 Tropisetron
3.3.4 Granisetron
3.4 Development of Palonosetron
3.5 Clinical Studies
3.5.1 Initial Studies
3.5.1.1 Placebo-Controlled Studies
3.5.1.2 Dose-Finding Studies
3.5.1.3 Comparison Studies with Older Agents
3.5.2 The Role of Corticosteroids
3.5.3 First-Generation 5-HT3 Antagonists Compared
3.5.4 Intravenous Compared to Oral Therapy
3.5.5 Summary of Characteristics of First-Generation 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
3.6 Palonosetron: A Second-Generation 5-HT3 Antagonist
3.7 Novel Delivery Methods
3.7.1 Transdermal Granisetron
3.7.2 Sustained-Release Subcutaneous Granisetron
3.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Palonosetron
4.1 Development of Palonosetron
4.2 Safety
4.3 Clinical Development of Palonosetron
4.4 Alternative Formulations
4.5 Multiple-Day Chemotherapy
4.6 Triplet CINV Prophylaxis Regimens including  Palonosetron
4.7 Role of Dexamethasone in Delayed Phase after Palonosetron
4.8 Cost-Effectiveness of Palonosetron
4.9 Pediatric Use
4.10 Meta-Analysis
4.11 Palonosetron in Antiemetic Guidelines
4.12 Netupitant and Palonosetron (NEPA) Fixed Combination
4.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: The Role of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists in CINV
5.1 Introduction
5.2 MEC- and HEC-Based Chemotherapy
5.2.1 Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant
5.2.2 Casopitant
5.2.3 Netupitant and Rolapitant
5.3 Clinical Pharmacology of NK1 Inhibitors
5.3.1 Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant
5.3.2 Netupitant
5.3.3 NEPA
5.3.4 Rolapitant
5.4 Clinical Data
5.4.1 Aprepitant
5.4.2 Casopitant
5.4.3 Fosaprepitant
5.4.4 Dosing Over Multiple Chemotherapy Cycles
5.4.5 Rolapitant
5.4.6 Netupitant
5.5 NEPA in HEC and MEC
5.6 NEPA in Subsequent Cycles of Chemotherapy
5.7 NK1 RA with High-Dose Chemotherapy and in Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation
5.7.1 Aprepitant
5.7.2 Adverse Events Related to NK1 RA
5.7.3 Drug–Drug Interactions with NK1 RA
5.8 Future Directions and Current Guidelines
5.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
6.1.2 Definition of Nausea
6.2 Olanzapine
6.2.1 Mechanism of Action
6.2.2 Treatment of Nausea/Case Reports
6.2.3 Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
6.2.3.1 Phase I Trial
6.2.3.2 Phase II Trials
6.2.3.3 Phase III Trials
6.3 Treatment of Breakthrough Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
6.4 Future Applications
6.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Gabapentin for the Prevention of CINV
7.1 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Prevention of CINV in Patients Receiving High-Dose Multiple-Day Chemotherapy
8.1 Introduction
8.2 CINV in Patients Undergoing High-Dose Chemotherapy
8.3 First-Generation 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists for High-�Dose Chemotherapy
8.4 Palonosetron for High-Dose Multiple-Day Chemotherapy
8.5 NK-1 Receptor Antagonists for High-Dose Multiple-Day Chemotherapy
8.6 Recommendations and Future Directions
References
Chapter 9: Clinical Management of CINV
9.1 Principles in the Management of CINV
9.2 Single-Day Chemotherapy
9.3 Treatment of Breakthrough CINV
9.4 Refractory CINV
9.5 Anticipatory CINV
9.6 Multi-day Chemotherapy and High-Dose Chemotherapy with Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplantatio
9.7 Prevention and Treatment of Nausea
References
Chapter 10: Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Definition and Pathophysiology
10.3 Antiemetic Agents
10.3.1 First-Generation 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
10.3.2 Palonosetron
10.3.3 Aprepitant
10.3.4 Netupitant
10.3.5 Rolapitant
10.3.6 Dexamethasone
10.3.7 Olanzapine
10.3.8 Gabapentin
10.3.9 Cannabinoids
10.3.10 Ginger
10.4 Discussion
10.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Conclusions
Chapter 12: Future Directions

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Tags: Management, Chemotherapy, Nausea, New Agents, Rudolph Navari