Practical Hepatic Pathology A Diagnostic Approach 2nd Edition by Romil Saxena 0323442862 9780323442862

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ISBN-10 :  0323442862 

ISBN-13 :  9780323442862

Author:  Romil Saxena 

A volume in the popular Pattern Recognition Series, Practical Hepatic Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach features completely updated and reorganized content, resulting in a truly practical guide to understanding liver pathology. Dr. Romil Saxena presents interpretation of liver biopsies according to a pattern-based approach that begins with recognition of the predominant histological pattern of injury, followed by identification of secondary features and appropriate work-up that lead you away from pitfalls to the best diagnosis.

Practical Hepatic Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach 2nd Table of contents:

Section I. Basic Concepts in Liver Pathology
1. Microscopic Anatomy, Basic Terms, and Elemental Lesions
Parenchymal Architecture and Tissue Organization
Assessing Parenchymal Architecture in a Biopsy
Portal Tracts
Hepatic Veins
Lobular Parenchyma
Electron Microscopy
Utility of Electron Microscopy in Routine Diagnostic Practice
Basic Terms and Elemental Lesions
Section II. Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiologic Features of Liver Disease
2. Clinical Features of Liver Disease
Definitions and Synonyms
Acute Liver Disease
Acute Liver Failure
Subacute Liver Failure
Chronic Liver Disease
3. Laboratory Tests in Liver Disease
Liver Tests
Approach to Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Tests
Laboratory Investigation of Liver Abnormalities in Systemic Diseases and Disease of Other Organs
4. Investigative Imaging of the Liver
Commonly Used Imaging Modalities
Imaging of Liver Tumors
Imaging of Diffuse Liver Disease
Summary
Section III. Liver Diseases of Childhood
5. Liver Diseases of Childhood
Neonatal Cholestasis
Biliary Atresia
Neonatal (Giant Cell) Hepatitis
Alagille Syndrome
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Sclerosing Cholangitis Due to Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Neonatal Sclerosing Cholangitis
Section IV. Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
6. Medical Genetics and Biochemistry in Diagnosis and Management
Clinical Approach
Approach to Biochemical and Genetic Investigation
Collection, Storage, and Shipping of Specimens
Methodologies Involved in Biochemical and Genetic Testing
Treatment and Management
Genetic Counseling
7. Histologic Patterns of Metabolic Liver Diseases
Handling Liver Biopsy Specimens for Suspected Metabolic Disease
Analysis and Reporting of Liver Biopsy Specimens for Suspected Metabolic Disease
Histologic Patterns of Metabolic Liver Disease
Bile Ductules Versus Ducts in Metabolic Disease
Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects
Mitochondriopathies
Urea Cycle Defects
Citrin Deficiency
Galactosemia
Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Nonlysosomal Glycogenosis and Polyglucosan Storage Disorders
Bile Acid Synthetic Defects
Peroxisomal Diseases
Hereditary Tyrosinemia
Genetic Hemolytic Disorders
Perinatal Hemochromatosis
Genetic Metabolic Diseases of Unknown Etiology
8. Liver in Wilson Disease
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Radiologic Features
Pathology
Ancillary Diagnostic Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Other Disorders of Hepatic Copper Accumulation
Genetics
Treatment and Prognosis
9. Liver Disease in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Terminology
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations and Natural History of Liver Disease
Microscopic Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Genetics and Molecular Pathology
Treatment and Prognosis
10. Liver Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Incidence and Demographics
Genetics
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations of Hepatobiliary Disease
Microscopic Pathology
Diagnostic Studies
Therapy
11. Liver Disease in Iron Overload
Iron Homeostasis
Microscopic Pathology
Parenchymal Iron Overload
Mesenchymal Iron Overload
Mixed Parenchymal-Mesenchymal Iron Overload
Differential Diagnosis of Severe Iron Overload in Cirrhosis
Role of Liver Biopsy
Histologic Effects of Chelation Therapy
Ancillary Diagnostic Studies
12. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Definitions and Synonyms
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Radiology
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Grading and Staging
Differential Diagnosis
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Outside the Context of Metabolic Syndrome
Ancillary Diagnostic Tests
Genetics
Treatment and Prognosis
Section V. Infectious Diseases of the Liver
13. Acute Viral Hepatitis
Histologic Patterns of Injury in Acute Viral Hepatitis
Other Viruses Causing Acute Hepatitis
14. Hepatitis B
Incidence and Demographics
Molecular Virology
Natural History and Clinical Manifestations
Treatment
Role of Liver Biopsy in Management of Hepatitis B
Microscopic Pathology of Chronic Hepatitis B
Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Hepatitis B
Practical Approach in Evaluating Liver Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
15. Hepatitis C
Incidence and Demographics
Molecular Virology
Natural History and Clinical Manifestations
Treatment
Role of Liver Biopsy in Management of Hepatitis C
Microscopic Pathology of Chronic Hepatitis C
Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Hepatitis C
Practical Approach in Evaluating Liver Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
16. Chronic Hepatitis: Grading and Staging
Need for Grading and Staging
General Principles of Grading and Staging
Grading and Staging Systems
Which Is the Best Grading and Staging System?
Limitations of the Liver Biopsy in Grading and Staging: Sampling Error
Limitations of Semiquantitative Scoring: Interobserver Variability
Semiquantitative Scoring versus Morphometric Analysis
Noninvasive Non–Biopsy-Based Staging Systems
17. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of the Liver
Pattern of Reactivity of the Reticuloendothelial System
Cholangiopathy Pattern
Steatosis Pattern
Chronic Hepatitis Pattern
Hepatitis Pattern With Multifocal Parenchymal Necrosis
Granulomatous Inflammation Pattern
Pattern of Bacterial Infections With Abscess Formation
Fibrogenic Pattern
Vascular Lesions
Mitochondriopathy Pattern
Acute Hepatitis and Cholestatic Hepatitis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Neoplasia
18. Nonviral Infections of the Liver
Bacterial Infections
Mycobacterial and Fungal Infections
Protozoal Infections
Parasitic Infections
Section VI. Granulomatous Diseases of the Liver
19. Hepatic Granulomas: Differential Diagnosis
Histologic Patterns of Hepatic Granulomas
Specific Granulomatous Diseases
Idiopathic Hepatic Granulomas
20. Hepatic Sarcoidosis
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Radiologic Features
Microscopic Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Section VII. Autoimmune Hepatitis
21. Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndromes
Definitions and Synonyms
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Laboratory Findings
Microscopic Pathology
Overlap Syndromes
Grading and Staging of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Differential Diagnosis
Genetics
Treatment and Prognosis
Section VIII. Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
22. Metabolism of Drugs and Xenobiotics
General Considerations in Drug Metabolism
Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Drugs
Clinically Significant Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters
Role of Drug Metabolism in Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Alcohol Use and Risk of Drug-Induced Liver Injury
23. Liver Injury Due to Drugs and Herbal Agents
Brief Historical Overview
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Microscopic Pathology
Grading and Staging
Differential Diagnosis
Establishing Causality
Ancillary Diagnostic Studies
Genetics
Treatment and Prognosis
Figure Acknowledgments
24. Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Noninvasive Assessment of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Histologic Variants
Grading and Staging
Role of Liver Biopsy
Focal Liver Lesions in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Differential Diagnosis
Interactions with Other Liver Diseases
Genetics
Treatment and Prognosis
Section IX. Disorders of the Bile Ducts, Bile Formation, and Secretion
25. Fibrocystic Liver Diseases
Ductal Plate
Polycystic Liver
Solitary (Nonparasitic) Bile Duct Cysts
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
Caroli Disease
Choledochal Cysts
26. Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Laboratory Findings
Radiologic Features
Pathology
Diagnosis
Staging
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Variants and Special Diagnostic Considerations
27. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Laboratory Findings
Radiologic Features
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Grading of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Differential Diagnosis
Genetics
Treatment and Prognosis
Secondary (Acquired) Sclerosing Cholangitis
28. Loss of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
Microscopic Pathology of Loss of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
Pitfalls in Microscopic Diagnosis
Liver Diseases Leading to Loss of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
29. Intrahepatic Cholestasis
29A. Molecular Physiology of Bile Formation and Secretion
29B. Diseases of Bile Formation and Secretion
Section X. Vascular Disorders of the Liver
30. Vascular Disorders of the Liver
Differential Diagnosis of Sinusoidal Congestion
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Congestive Hepatopathy
Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome/Veno-occlusive Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Preeclampsia
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP) Syndrome
Portal Vein Thrombosis
Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension
Obliterative Portal Venopathy
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Diseases of the Hepatic Artery
Ischemic Hepatitis
Amyloidosis
Section XI. Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Liver
31. Premalignant and Early Malignant Hepatocellular Lesions in Chronic Hepatitis/Cirrhosis
Clinical Setting and Target Population: Surveillance
Nomenclature
Dysplastic Nodules as Hepatocellular Carcinoma Precursors
Natural History of Premalignant Lesions
Dysplastic Nodules and Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of Imaging
Premalignant and Early Malignant Hepatocellular Nodules in Daily Clinical Practice
Basic Histopathologic Features (Elementary Lesions)
Key Diagnostic Points
Liver Biopsy
32. Benign Hepatocellular Tumors
Definitions and Synonyms
Incidence and Demographics
Clinical Manifestations
Radiologic Features
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Genotype-Phenotype Classification of Hepatocellular Adenoma
Immunohistochemistry
Histologic Variants
Differential Diagnosis
Genetics
Treatment
33. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Clinical Manifestations
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Immunohistochemistry
Histologic Variants
Grading and Other Prognostic Factors
Differential Diagnosis
Molecular Genetics
Natural History and Treatment
34. Benign and Malignant Tumors of Bile Ducts
Benign Tumors or Tumor-like Lesions
Malignant Tumors
35. Liver Tumors of Childhood
Epithelial Tumors
Mesenchymal Tumors
Vascular Tumors
36. Miscellaneous Liver Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions
Cavernous Hemangioma
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Lymphangioma
Angiomyolipoma
Focal Fatty Change
Lymphoma
Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Systemic Mastocytosis
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Inflammatory (Myofibroblastic) Pseudotumor
Miscellaneous Primary Benign Tumors of the Liver
Miscellaneous Primary Malignant Tumors of the Liver
Common Metastatic Tumors
Section XII. Concepts in Liver Pathology
37. Clinical Aspects of Liver Transplantation
History of Liver Transplantation
Current Trends
Indications in Adults
Indications in Children
Patient Evaluation
Donor and Allograft Evaluation
Liver Allograft Allocation
Organ Matching
Donor and Recipient Operation
Posttransplant Course
Posttransplant Immunosuppression
Posttransplant Prophylaxis and Treatment of Infections
38. Pathology of Liver Transplantation
Evaluation of Donor Biopsies
Preservation–Reperfusion Injury
Rejection
Central Perivenulitis
Recurrent Diseases
De Novo Diseases
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease
Surgical Complications
Infections
Changes in Late Protocol Biopsies
Section XIII. Evolving Concepts in Liver Pathology
39. Biphenotypic Primary Liver Carcinoma
Microscopic Pathology: A Group of Heterogeneous Tumors
Epidemiology and Prognosis
40. Regression of Liver Fibrosis: From Myth to Reality
Mechanisms of Fibrogenesis
Morphologic Patterns of Fibrosis
Regression of Fibrosis
Regression of Cirrhosis
Histologic Assessment of Regression of Fibrosis
Histologic Assessment of Regression of Cirrhosis
41. Cirrhosis: A Term in Need of a Makeover
What Is Wrong with the Current Concept of Cirrhosis?
Cirrhosis Is Not a Homogeneous Disease
Clinical Staging and Prognostication of Cirrhosis
Pathologic Staging of Cirrhosis
Regression of Cirrhosis
Is Cirrhosis a Primarily Fibrotic Process?

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