Phytoremediation Management of Environmental Contaminants Volume 4 1st Edition by Abid Ansari, Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Ritu Gill, Guy Lanza, Lee Newman 3319418117 9783319418117

Phytoremediation Management of Environmental Contaminants Volume 4 1st Edition by Abid A. Ansari, Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Ritu Gill, Guy R. Lanza, Lee Newman – Ebook PDF Instant Download/DeliveryISBN:  3319418117, 9783319418117 

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ISBN-10 :  3319418117 

ISBN-13 :  9783319418117

Author:  Abid A. Ansari, Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Ritu Gill, Guy R. Lanza, Lee Newman 

This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation,” which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Each chapter highlights and compares the beneficial and economical alternatives of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil removal and burial practices.

Phytoremediation Management of Environmental Contaminants Volume 4 1st table of contents: 

Part I: Phytoremediation of Organic Contaminants
Phytoremediation of PCBs and PAHs by Grasses: A Critical Perspective
1 Introduction
2 PAH and PCB Compounds
3 Phytoremediation Technique
4 Advantages of Grasses Used for Phytoremediation of Organic Compounds
5 Disadvantages of Grasses Used for the Phytoremediation of Organic Compounds
6 Phytoremediation of PAHs and PCBs by Grasses
7 Future Aspects
References
Organic Soil Amendments in the Phytoremediation Process
1 Introduction
2 Sewage Sludge and Compost Soil Application: The Laws and Regulations of the European Union
3 Impact of Compost Initial Conditions on the Phytoremediation Process of Contaminated Soils
4 Case Study: Comparison of Composts for Remediation Purposes
5 Trees in the Process of Phytoremediation of Degraded Areas
6 The Use of Selected Organic Amendments for Improved Phytoremediation
6.1 Experiment Description
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Changes of the Parameters of Soil Material and Plants Biomass
7 A Field Study
8 Summary
References
Phytoremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
A Study on Degradation of Heavy Metals in Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Cyperus rotundus
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Planting
2.2 Analytical Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Plant Biomass
3.2 Heavy Metals Degradation in Soil
3.3 Heavy Metal Analysis in Plant Tissues
3.3.1 Roots
3.3.2 Shoots
References
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: Phytoremediation as a Strate
1 Introduction
1.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
1.2 Toxicity Effects
1.3 PAHs in Soil: Behavior and Effects
2 Heavy Metals
2.1 Toxicity Effects
2.2 Heavy Metals in Soil: Behavior and Effects
3 Remediation of Heavy Metal and PAH Contaminated Soils
3.1 Soil Washing
3.2 Electrokinetic Technology
3.3 Supercritical Fluid Extraction
3.4 Phytoremediation
4 Case Study
4.1 Experimental Procedure
4.2 Analytical Methods
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Effect on PAH Remediation
4.3.2 Plant Uptake of Lead
4.3.3 The Effect on Soil Quality
4.3.4 Concluding Remarks
5 Conclusions
References
Phytoremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Atmospheric Deposition Using
1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmosphere
2 Sources of PAHs
2.1 Natural Sources
2.2 Anthropogenic Sources
3 Deposition and Transport of PAHs
3.1 Deposition of PAHs
3.2 Transport of PAHs
4 Different Remediation Methods
5 Bio-retention Systems for PAH Removal
5.1 Bio-retention Systems
5.2 Phytoremediation of PAH
5.3 Phytoremediation of PAHs in Bio-retention Systems
5.4 Selection of Plants for Bio-retention Systems
5.5 Plants in Bio-retention System
5.5.1 Fibrous Rooted Plants
5.5.2 Deep Rooted Plants
5.5.3 Aquatic Plants
5.6 Microorganism Associations in Bio-retention Systems
6 Possible Other Plants and Materials for PAH Removal in Bio-retention Systems
7 Summary
References
Part II: Wastewater Engineering and Technology
Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: A Good Source for Phytoremediation of Metal-­Contaminated Soil
1 Introduction
2 Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria as Tool for Phytoremediation
3 Activities of Microorganisms for Phytoremediation
3.1 Siderophore Production
3.2 Organic Acid Production
3.3 Production of Biosurfactant
3.4 Glycoprotein and Polymeric Substances Production
3.5 Oxidation and Reduction Reaction
3.6 Biosorption
References
Biotechnological Approaches to Remediate Soil and Water Using Plant–Microbe Interactions
1 Introduction
1.1 Bioremediation
1.2 Phytoremediation
2 Plant–Microbe Interactions for the Remediation of Environmental Pollution
2.1 Rhizospheric Microbial Association and Bioremediation
2.2 Endophytic Microbial Association and Bioremediation
3 Plant–Microbial Interactions for the Removal of the Heavy Metal Pollutants
4 Plant–Microbial Interactions for the Removal of Other Pollutants
4.1 Bioremediation of Plastic
4.2 Bioremediation of Explosives
4.3 Bioremediation of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs)
4.4 Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
4.5 Bioremediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
4.6 Bioremediation of Phenolic Allelochemicals
4.7 Bioremediation of Pharmaceutical Drug Pollutants
5 Improvement of the Biodegradation Efficiency Using Genetic Engineering
6 Conclusions
References
Current and Future Opportunities for Forest Land Application Systems of Wastewater
1 Introduction
2 Forest Land Application Systems
3 Forest Structure Considerations for Forest LAS
4 Appropriate Forest and Site Structure for LAS
5 Appropriate Wastewater Characteristics and Loading Rates for Forest LAS
6 Nutrient Removal in Forest LAS
7 Future Opportunities for Forest LAS
8 Improved Understanding of Existing Forest LAS
9 Conclusion
References
Bio-retention Systems for Storm Water Treatment and Management in Urban Systems
1 Introduction
2 Pollutants in Storm Water
3 Different Storm Water Management Methods in Urban Systems
3.1 Combined Sewage and Storm Water Management System
3.2 Sustainable Storm Water Management Systems
3.2.1 Storm Water Management Through Best Management Practices
3.2.2 Integrated Urban Storm Water Management
3.2.3 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems
3.2.4 Water-Sensitive Urban Design
3.2.5 Low Impact Development for Storm Water Management
4 Bio-retention Systems for Storm Water Treatment and Management
5 Design of Bio-retention System
6 How Do Bio-retention Systems Work?
7 Phytoremediation Integration into Bio-retention Systems
8 Selection of Plants for Phytoremediation in Bio-retention Systems
9 Phytoremediation of Pollutants in Bio-retention Systems
9.1 Potential Plants for Phytoremediation of Organic Pollutants
9.2 Phytoremediation of Nutrients
9.3 Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals
9.4 Phytoremediation of Other Pollutants
10 Advantages and Limitations of Phytoremediation in Bio-­retention Systems
11 Summary
References
Fungal Laccase Enzyme Applications in Bioremediation of Polluted Wastewater
1 Introduction
2 Laccase Enzymes and Its Applications in Industrial Areas
3 Molecular Mechanisms of Wastewater Treatment
4 Alternative Laccase Production Procedures
5 Conclusion
References
Part III: Natural and Constructed Wetlands for Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation Applications for Waste Water and Improved Water Quality
1 Constructed Wetlands
2 Types of Constructed Wetlands
2.1 Surface Flow Systems
2.2 Subsurface Constructed Wetlands
3 Macrophyte Function in Surface Water Quality Improvement
References
Plants for Constructed Wetlands as an Ecological Engineering Alternative to Road Runoff Desalina
1 Introduction
2 Ecological Engineering Facilities for Road Runoff Phytoremediation
2.1 General Aspects of Constructed Wetlands
2.2 Road Runoff Phytoremediation in Constructed Wetlands
3 Plants for Salinity Phytoremediation
3.1 Salt Removal Efficiency by Macrophytes
3.2 Macrophyte Response to Salinity
4 Case Study: Treatment of Runoff from an Urban Snow Disposal Site
4.1 Context and Selection of Plants
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Experimental Design
4.2.2 Sampling and Analysis
4.3 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Constructed Wetlands for Livestock Wastewater Treatment: Antibiotics Removal and Effects on CWs P
1 Constructed Wetlands
2 Potential of Constructed Wetlands Microcosms for Antibiotics Removal from Livestock Wastewater
3 Effects of Antibiotics on CWs Microbial Communities and Plants
4 Effects of Antibiotics on CWs Performance
5 Outlook
References
Phytoremediation Potential of Selected Mangrove Plants for Trace Metal Contamination in Indian Su
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Sites
2.2 Sample Collection and Processing
2.3 Plant Description
2.4 Chemical Analysis
2.5 Mangrove Microstructure Analysis
2.6 Assessment of Sediment Contamination
2.6.1 Contamination Factor (CF)
2.6.2 Pollution Load Index (PLI)
2.6.3 Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo)
2.6.4 Enrichment Factor
2.6.5 Potential Ecological Risk Index
2.6.6 Sediment Quality Guidelines
2.7 Bioaccumulation Indices for Hyperaccumulation
2.7.1 Translocation factor (TF)
2.7.2 Extraction Coefficient (EF)
2.7.3 Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF)
2.8 Statistical Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Sediment Geochemistry
3.2 Metals in Sediment
3.3 Potential Risk Assessment
3.4 Metals in Mangroves
3.5 Biological Risk Assessment
3.6 Result of Statistical Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Fate of Phenolic Compounds in Constructed Wetlands Treating Contaminated Water
1 Introduction
1.1 Phenol Sources, Effects, and Treatment Technologies
1.2 Constructed Wetlands Classification
2 Phenol Transformation Processes in Constructed Wetlands
2.1 Biodegradation
2.2 Plant Uptake
2.3 Adsorption and Precipitation
2.4 Volatilization
3 Constructed Wetlands for Phenolic Compounds Removal
3.1 Wetland Types and Characteristics
3.2 Phenolic Compounds Applied in Constructed Wetlands
3.3 System Efficiency
4 Conclusions
References
Removal of Pathogenic Bacteria in Constructed Wetlands: Mechanisms and Efficiency
1 Introduction
1.1 Pathogen Sources and Fecal Indicators
1.2 Analytical Methods
1.3 Conventional Pathogen Removal Methods
1.4 Constructed Wetlands Technology
1.5 Constructed Wetlands and Sanitation
2 Removal Mechanisms of Pathogens in Constructed Wetlands
2.1 Sedimentation
2.2 Mechanical Filtration
2.3 Adsorption
2.4 Oxidation
2.5 UV Solar Radiation
2.6 Exposure to Plant Biocides
2.7 Predation Activities and Biolytic Processes
2.8 Biofilm Retention
2.9 Natural Die-Off
3 Pathogen Removal in Constructed Wetlands
3.1 Effect of Constructed Wetland Type
3.2 Effect of Vegetation
3.3 Effect of Hydraulic Residence Time
3.4 Effect of Temperature
3.5 Effect of Post-Treatment
4 Conclusions
References
Part IV: Phytoremediation for Reclamation and Restoration
Low-Tech Alternatives for the Rehabilitation of Aquatic and Riparian Environments
1 Introduction
2 Applications of Rehabilitation Phytotechnologies
2.1 Direct Seeding and Planting
2.2 Prevegetated Rolls and Mats
2.3 Floating Islands
2.4 Constructed Riparian Wetlands and Buffers
3 A Case Study: Rehabilitation of River Banks in the Matanza-Riachuelo River
3.1 Site Characterization
3.2 Proposals for the Revitalization of the Pilot Area
3.3 Preliminary Evaluation of Actions
3.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Proposed Rehabilitation Method of Uncontrolled Landfills in Insular Communities Through Multi-Crit
1 Introduction
2 Area Description and the Problem as Presented in Cyprus
3 Multi-criteria Analysis
4 Proposed Scenarios
5 Conclusions
References
Suitability of Different Mediterranean Plants for Phytoremediation of Mine Soils Affected with C
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Site
2.2 Experimental Design
2.3 Soil and Vegetation Sampling
2.4 Analytical Methods
2.5 Statistical Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Soil Properties and Cd Mobility
3.2 Cd Content and Distribution in Plants
4 Conclusions

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Tags: Phytoremediation, Management, Environmental Contaminants, Abid Ansari, Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Ritu Gill, Guy Lanza, Lee Newman