A practical introduction to human in the loop cyber physical systems 1st Edition by Fernando Boavida, David Nunes, Jorge Sá Silva 111937779X 9781119377788

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ISBN-10 :  111937779X 

ISBN-13 : 9781119377788

Author:  Fernando Boavida, David Nunes, Jorge Sá Silva 

Studies estimate that by 2020 we will have a vast Internet of Things (IoT) network comprising 26 billion connected devices, including everything from light bulbs to refrigerators, coffee makers to cars. From the beginning, the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS), or the sensing and control of physical phenomena through networks of devices that work together to achieve common goals, has been implicit in the IoT enterprise. This book focuses on the increasingly hot topic of Human-in-the-loop Cyber-Physical Systems (HiTLCPS)―CPSs that incorporate human responses in IoT equation.

Why have we not yet integrated the human component into CPSs? What are the major challenges to achieving HiTLCPS? How can we take advantage of ubiquitous sensing platforms, such as smartphones and personal devices to achieve that goal? While mature HiTLCPS designs have yet to be achieved, or a general consensus reached on underlying HiTLCPS requirements, principles, and theory, researchers and developers worldwide are on the cusp of realizing them. With contributions from researchers at the cutting edge of HiTLCPS R&D, this book addresses many of these questions from the theoretical and practical points of view.

An essential primer on a rapidly emerging Internet-of-Things concept, focusing on human-centric applications
Discusses new topics which, until now, have only been available in research papers scattered throughout the world literature
Addressed fundamental concepts in depth while providing practical insights into the development of complete HiTLCPS systems
Includes a companion website containing full source-code for all of the applications described
This book is an indispensable resource for researchers and app developers eager to explore HiTL concepts and include them into their designs. It is also an excellent primer for advanced undergraduates and graduate students studying IoT, CPS, and HiTLCPS.

 

 

A practical introduction to human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction 

1.1 The Rise of Cyber-Physical Systems 

1.2 Humans as Elements of Cyber-Physical Systems 

1.3 Objectives and Structure 

Part I Evolution and Theory 

2 Evolution of HiTL Technologies 

2.1 “Things”, Sensors, and the RealWorld 

2.2 Human Sensing and Virtual Communities 

2.3 In Summary

3 TheoryofHiTLCPSs

3.1 Taxonomies for HiTLCPSs 

3.2 Data Acquisition 

3.2.1 Humans as Sets of Sensors 

3.2.2 Humans as Communication Nodes 

3.3 State Inference 

3.3.1 Human Nature 

3.3.2 Humans as Processing Nodes 

3.4 Actuation 

3.4.1 Humans and Robots as Actuators 

3.5 In Summary

4 HITL Technologies and Applications 

4.1 Technologies for Supporting HiTLCPS 

4.1.1 Data Acquisition 

4.1.2 State Inference

4.1.3 Actuation 

4.2 Experimental Projects 

4.2.1 HiTL in Industry and at Home 

4.2.2 HiTL in Healthcare 

4.2.3 HiTL in Smartphones and Social Networking 

4.3 In Summary

Part II Human-in-the-Loop: Hands-On 

5 ASampleApp 

5.1 A Sample Behavior Change Intervention App 

5.2 The Sample App’s Base Architecture 

5.2.1 The Android App 

5.2.2 The Server 

5.3 Enhancing the Sample App with HiTL Emotion-awareness 

5.3.1 Choosing a Machine Learning Technique 

5.3.2 Implementing Emotion-awareness 

5.4 In Summary

6 Setting up the Development Environment 

6.1 Installing Android Studio 

6.2 Cloning the Android Project 

6.3 Deploying the Server 

6.3.1 Installing the Software and Cloning the Server’s Project 

6.3.2 Obtaining a Foursquare®’s Client ID and Client Secret 

6.3.3 Setting up the Database 

6.3.4 Deploying the Server on Tomcat 7 

6.4 Testing the Sample App 

6.5 In Summary… 

7 Data Acquisition 

7.1 Creating the EmotionTasker 

7.2 Processing Sensory Data 

7.3 In Summary

8 StateInference 

8.1 Implementing a Neural Network 

8.2 Requesting User Feedback 

8.2.1 Creating the EmotionFeedback Activity 

8.2.2 Implementing the EmotionSpace View 

8.2.3 Finishing EmotionFeedback 

8.2.4 Showing a Feedback Request Notification 

8.3 Processing User Feedback 

8.3.1 Processing Feedback on the EmotionTasker 

8.3.2 Training the Neural Network 

8.3.3 Sending Emotional Information to the Server 

8.4 In Summary

9 Actuation 

9.1 Handling Emotions on the Server

9.1.1 Parsing JSON Requests 

9.1.2 Creating theWeb Interface

9.1.3 Creating the Server’s BackgroundThread

9.1.4 Processing Incoming Emotions 

9.1.5 Pruning Outdated Emotions 

9.2 Finishing up EmotionTasker 

9.2.1 Handling ANN Output 

9.2.2 Posting New Emotion Inferences 

9.3 Providing Positive Reinforcement 

9.3.1 Creating a Motivational Dialog Box 

9.3.2 Enabling the Emotion Heatmaps 

9.4 In Summary

Part III Future of Human-In-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems 

10 Requirements and Challenges for HiTL Applications 

10.1 Resilience 

10.2 Security and Privacy 

10.3 Standard Communications 

10.4 Localization 

10.5 State Inference 

10.6 Safety 

10.7 In Summary

11 Human-in-the-Loop Constraints 

11.1 Technical Limitations 

11.2 Ethical limitations 

A EmotionTasker’s full code 

 

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