Algal Biofuels Recent Advances and Future Prospects 1st Edition by Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Faizal Bux 3319510096 9783319510095

Algal Biofuels Recent Advances and Future Prospects 1st Edition by Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Faizal Bux – Ebook PDF Instant Download/DeliveryISBN:  3319510096, 9783319510095 

Full download Algal Biofuels Recent Advances and Future Prospects 1st Edition after payment.

Product details:

ISBN-10 :  3319510096 

ISBN-13 :  9783319510095

Author:  Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Faizal Bux 

This edited volume focuses on comprehensive state-of-the-art information about the practical aspects of cultivation, harvesting, biomass processing and biofuel production from algae. Chapters cover topics such as synthetic ecological engineering approaches towards sustainable production of biofuel feedstock, and algal biofuel production processes using wastewater. Readers will also discover more about the role of biotechnological engineering in improving ecophysiology, biomass and lipid yields. Particular attention is given to opportunities of commercialization of algal biofuels that provides a realistic assessment of various techno-economical aspects of pilot scale algal biofuel production. The authors also explore the pre-treatment of biomass, catalytic conversion of algal lipids and hydrothermal liquefaction with the biorefinery approach in detail. In a nut shell, this volume will provide a wealth of information based on a realistic evaluation of contemporary developments in algal biofuel research with an emphasis on pilot scale studies. Researchers studying and working in the areas of environmental science, biotechnology, genetic engineering and biochemistry will find this work instructive and informative.  

Algal Biofuels Recent Advances and Future Prospects 1st Table of contents:

Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Microalgal Lipid Biotechnology
1 Introduction
1.1 Sources of Biofuel
1.2 Advantages of Algae Biofuel
2 Biology and Biochemical Composition of Microalgae
2.1 Major Biochemical Groups and Their Function
2.2 Sustainable Energy Sources of Microalgae
3 Lipid Biochemistry in Microalgae
4 Recent Common Approaches for Enhanced Lipid Production
4.1 Nutrient Limitation
4.2 Light Irradiation and Temperature Stress
4.3 Salinity-, pH-, and Metal-Induced Stress
4.4 Supplementation of CO2 and Phytohormones
5 Molecular and Genetic Engineering Tools for the Improvement in Microalgal Lipids
5.1 Strain Improvement Using Mutagenesis Approach
5.1.1 Available Chemical and Physical Treatment Methods for Mutagenesis
5.2 Genetic Engineering of Microalgae and Its Technical Progress
5.3 Tools and Techniques of Genetic Transformations in Microalgae
5.4 Genetic Engineering in Selective Organelles of Microalgae
5.4.1 Chloroplast and Nuclear Engineering
5.5 Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis
5.6 Overexpression of Lipid Biosynthesis Enzymes
5.6.1 Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)
5.6.2 Fatty Acid Synthetase (FAS)
5.6.3 Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT)
5.6.4 Lysophosphatidate Acyltransferase (LPAT)
5.6.5 Acetyl-CoA Synthase (ACS)
5.6.6 Malic Enzyme (ME)
5.6.7 ATP:Citrate Lyase (ACL)
5.7 Inhibiting the Competitive Pathways
5.8 Modification in Fatty Acid Chain Length for the Improvements in Lipid Quality
6 Conclusion and Future Outlooks
References
Comprehensive Screening of Micro-and Macroalgal Species for Bioenergy
1 Introduction
2 Microscopic Screening of Lipid Molecules
2.1 Light Microscopy
2.1.1 Nile Red Staining
2.1.2 BODIPY 505/515 Staining
2.1.3 Sudan Black B Staining
2.2 Electron Microscopy
3 Spectroscopic Screening of Biomolecules
3.1 Raman Spectroscopy
3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
3.3 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
4 Spectrophotometric Screening
4.1 Screening of Growth Potential
4.2 Colorimetric Quantification of Carbohydrates
5 Extraction and Quantification of Lipids
6 Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Fatty Acids
7 Assessment of Biodiesel Properties
8 Real-Time H2 Measurement and Gas Chromatographic Estimation of Biohydrogen Production
9 Gas Chromatographic Estimation of Ethanol Production
10 Future Prospective
References
Microalgae for Biofuels: Applications, Process Constraints and Future Needs
1 Introduction
2 Biochemical Composition of Microalgae
2.1 Proteins
2.2 Carbohydrates
2.3 Lipids
2.4 Pigments
2.5 Carotenoids
2.6 Chlorophyll
2.7 Phycobiliproteins
3 Microalgae Cultivation
3.1 Open Ponds and Raceways
3.2 Photobioreactors
4 Applications of Microalgae Biomass for Biofuels
4.1 Biodiesel
4.2 Biomethane
4.3 Bioethanol
4.4 Biobutanol
4.5 Syngas
5 Process Constraints and Future Needs
5.1 Factors Limiting Growth and Biomass Production
5.2 Environmental Sustainability of Algal Biodiesel
5.3 Economic Sustainability of Algal Biofuels
References
Algal Biofilm Systems: An Answer to Algal Biofuel Dilemma
1 Introduction
2 Algal Biofilm Development and Dynamics
3 Biofilm Cultivation System: An Alternative Platform for Biomass Production with In Situ Harvesting
4 Design Considerations/Requirements of Algal Biofilm System
4.1 Attachment Material/Biofilm Growth Support
4.2 Biofilm Thickness and Harvesting Frequency
5 Biofuel Potential of Algal Biofilm
6 Commercial Applications
7 Research Needs and Recommendations
References
Algal Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuels Production: An Integrated Approach for Envi
1 Introduction
2 Wastewater Treatment by Algae
2.1 Wastewater Type and Composition
2.2 Algae Based Wastewater Treatment Technologies
2.3 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Algae
2.4 Heavy Metals Removal Potential of Algae
3 Algal Biomass for Biofuel Production
3.1 Biomass Production
3.2 Harvesting
3.3 Processing
4 Factor Affecting on Wastewater Treatment and Energy Production Efficiency of Algae
5 Conclusion and Future Prospect
References
Exploring Microalgae Consortia for Biomass Production: A Synthetic Ecological Engineering Approach T
1 Introduction
1.1 Emergence of the Need of Algal Consortia
2 Algae in its Natural Habitat
3 Cultivation of Algae
4 Relevance of Monocultures for Synthetic Consortia
4.1 Synthetic Consortia and Increased Productivity
5 Ecological Community of Algae and Synthetic Consortia
6 Functional Traits and Services of Synthetic Microalgae Consortia
6.1 Altered Metabolic Traits of Consortia
7 Exploiting Synthetic Microalgae Consortia for Summed up Positive Traits
8 Synthetic Ecology: A Fair Choice Over Synthetic Biology
9 Insights into the Altered Traits of the Synthetic Consortia: Role of Molecular Ecology
10 Conclusion
References
Modeling the Effects of Operational Parameters on Algae Growth
1 Algae Growth Versus Substrate Concentration
2 Nutrient Addition
3 Light Distribution Modeling
4 Beer-Lambert Law
5 Growth Rate Modeling
6 Monod Model
7 Droop Model
8 Kinetic Models Related to Inorganic Carbon Concentration
9 Kinetic Models Related to Nitrogen Concentration
10 Kinetic Models Related to Phosphorus Concentration
11 Kinetic Models Related to Light Intensity
12 Kinetic Model Considering Inhibition
13 Kinetic Model Related to Temperature
14 Respiration Rate Modeling
References
Recent Advances in Improving Ecophysiology of Microalgae for Biofuels
1 Introduction
2 Factors Affecting Microalgae Growth and Biofuel Production
2.1 Nitrogen Depletion
2.2 Phosphorus Depletion
2.3 Effect of pH
2.4 Effect of Light Intensity
2.5 Effect of Temperature
3 Strategies for Manipulating Microalgae
3.1 Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency and Light Utilization
3.2 Modification of Carbon Assimilation
3.3 Genetic Modification of Lipid Metabolism in Microalgae
3.4 Genetic Modification of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Microalgae
3.5 Advances in Transcriptional Engineering
4 Conclusion
References
Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals Coupled with Generation of Bioenergy
1 Introduction
2 Application of Algal Technologies for the Remediation of Heavy Metals from Wastewater
2.1 Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater by Algae
3 Factors Affecting Algal Sequestration of Heavy Metals
4 Energy Production from Metal Sequestered Algae: Advantages, Issues and Challenges
5 Conclusion
References
Critical Evaluation of Algal Biofuel Production Processes Using Wastewater
1 Introduction
2 Wastewater and Microalgae
2.1 Lipid Content
2.2 Nutrient Removal
3 Cultivation Systems
3.1 Suspended Cultivation
3.1.1 Open Pond System
3.1.2 Closed Photobioreactor System
Tubular Reactor
Flat Plate Reactor
Column Photobioreactor
3.2 Attached Cultivation
4 Harvesting Methods for Microalgae
4.1 Sedimentation
4.2 Centrifugation
4.3 Filtration
4.4 Flocculation
4.5 Flotation
4.6 Immobilization Systems
4.7 Ultrasonic Separation
5 Challenges in Implementation of Large Scale Integrated Wastewater-biofuel System
5.1 Harvesting Process
5.2 Night Biomass Loss
6 Recent Research and Developments in Algal Biofuel Production
6.1 Attached Immobilization Systems
6.2 Electrophoresis Harvesting System
6.3 Integrated Photo-bioelectrochemical System
7 Conclusion
References
Advancements in Algal Harvesting Techniques for Biofuel Production
1 Algae as a Biofuel Feedstock
2 Problems Related to Algal Harvesting
3 Harvesting Techniques and Advancements
3.1 Physical Methods
3.1.1 Membrane Filtration
3.1.2 Centrifugation
3.1.3 Ultrasound
3.1.4 Magnetic Particles
3.1.5 Flotation
3.1.6 Electro-Flocculation or Electrochemical Flocculation
4 Chemical Methods
4.1 Chemical Flocculants
4.2 pH
5 Biological Methods
5.1 Biological Methods of Harvesting
5.1.1 Algal-algal Methods of Harvesting
5.1.2 Algal-bacterial Methods of Harvesting
5.1.3 Algal-Fungal Methods of Harvesting
5.1.4 Algal Harvesting Using Different Biological Agents
6 Suitability of Harvested Biomass for Biofuel Application
7 Techno-economic Feasibility
8 Conclusion
References
Key Issues in Pilot Scale Production, Harvesting and Processing of Algal Biomass for Biofuels
1 Introduction
1.1 Biofuels
1.2 Suitability of Algal Biofuels for Commercial Applications
1.3 Techno-Economic Concerns with Algal Biofuels
1.4 Environmental Concern with Algal Biofuels
2 Issues with Algal Biomass Production
2.1 Selection of Suitable Algal Strain
2.2 Growth Media and Reactors
2.3 Effects of External Factors
3 Issues with Biomass Harvesting
3.1 Key Parameters and Available Technology
3.2 Major Precautions and Concerns
4 Issues with Processing of Algal Biomass
4.1 Suitability of Harvested Algae and the Extraction Process
4.2 End Use of the Biomass: Single or Multiple Product Extraction
5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Algal Biomass Pretreatment for Improved Biofuel Production
1 Introduction
2 The Algal Cell Wall
3 Effect of Algal Cell Wall on Biofuel Production
4 Pretreatment Methods for Algal Biomass
4.1 Physical Methods
4.1.1 Milling of Algal Cells
Shaking Vessel
Agitated Beads
4.1.2 Ultrasonication
4.1.3 Thermal Pretreatment of Algal Cells
Freeze Drying
Autoclaving
Steam Explosion
4.2 Chemical Pretreatment
4.3 Biological Methods
4.3.1 Microorganism as Bioagent
4.3.2 Microbial Enzymes for Pretreatment
5 Advancements in Pretreatment Techniques
5.1 Supercritical Fluid Extraction
5.2 Extraction Through Microwave
5.3 Pressure Liquid Extraction
6 Analysis of Algal Biomass Pretreatment
6.1 Qualitative Detection of Algal Biomass Pretreatment
6.2 Quantification of Algal Biomass Pretreatment
7 Enhanced Biofuel Production Through Algal Biomass Pretreatment
8 Conclusion and Prospective
References
Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Algal Lipid Extractions: An Essential Approach for the
1 Concept of Sustainability
2 Algae: The Multi-Faceted Fuel Machinery
2.1 Biodiesel
2.2 Bioethanol
2.3 Biohydrogen
2.4 Biomass Pyrolysis Products
3 Impediments in Algal Fuel Commercialization
3.1 Economic and Operational Constraints
3.2 Ecological Constraints
3.3 Social Constraints
4 Biomass Processing Methods
4.1 Dry Way Extraction
4.2 Wet Way Extraction
5 Algal Oil Extraction
5.1 Evolution in Algal Oil Extraction
5.1.1 Extraction from Wet Biomass
5.1.2 Heat Assisted Extraction from Wet Biomass
5.1.3 Eco-Friendly Extraction
5.1.4 Supercritical Extraction
5.1.5 One Step Oil Extraction
6 Modes of Trans-esterification
6.1 In-Situ Dry Trans-Esterification
6.2 In-situ Wet Trans-Esterification
7 Errors in Bio-Oil Estimations
7.1 Errors from Strain Selection
7.2 Errors in Validation of Screening and Extraction Methods
7.3 Errors from Inappropriate Assumptions
8 Assessment of Sustainability
8.1 Sustainable Process Index
8.2 Environmental Indicators
8.3 Cost Benefit Analysis
8.4 Life Cycle Assessment
8.4.1 Existing LCA Studies
8.5 Ecosystem Service Analysis
9 Conclusion
References
Catalytic Conversion of Microalgal Lipids to Biodiesel: Overview and Recent Advances
1 Introduction
2 Microalgal Lipids as a Feedstock for Biodiesel
3 Transesterification Process
4 Catalysts
4.1 Homogeneous Chemical Catalyst
4.1.1 Homogeneous Acid Catalysts
4.1.2 Homogeneous Alkali Catalyst
4.2 Heterogeneous Chemical Catalyst
4.3 Biocatalysts
5 Acyl Acceptors Used in Transesterification of Microalgal Lipids
6 Solvents Used in Transesterification of Microalgal Lipids
7 In-Situ Transesterification
8 Process Intensification by Microwave and Ultrasound
9 Challenges and Future Prospective of Catalytic Conversion of Microalgal Lipids
References
Biomethanation Potential of Algal Biomass
1 Introduction
2 Algal Biomass: A Potential Feedstock
2.1 Macroalgae
2.2 Microalgae
3 Biomethanation: The Process
3.1 Hydrolysis
3.2 Acidogenesis
3.3 Acetogenesis
3.4 Methanogenesis
4 Operating Parameters
4.1 Temperature and pH
4.1.1 Temperature
4.1.2 pH
4.2 Hydraulic Retention Time
4.3 Loading Rate
5 Biomethane Production from Algal Biomass: A Sustainable Approach
6 Future Prospects
7 Conclusions
References
Technological Advances in Biohydrogen Production from Microalgae
1 Hydrogen: A Future Energy Carrier
2 General Characteristics of Microalgae
3 General Mechanisms of Hydrogen Production
4 Photoautotrophic Hydrogen Production
5 Hydrogenase-Dependent Hydrogen Production
6 Nitrogenase-Dependent Hydrogen Production
7 Biophotolysis
7.1 Direct Biophotolysis
7.2 Indirect Biophotolysis
8 Challenges and Technological Advancements in Biohydrogen Production from Microalgae
9 Conclusions
References
Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL): A Promising Pathway for Biorefinery of Algae
1 Introduction of Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Its Role for Algae Biorefinery
2 Key Factors Affecting on Algae HTL
2.1 Feedstock Selection
2.1.1 Co-Liquefaction
2.2 Process Parameters
2.2.1 Total Solids (TS) of Algae
2.2.2 Holding Temperature (HT)
2.2.3 Pressure and Gases
2.2.4 Retention Time (RT) of HT
2.2.5 Heating Rate
2.2.6 Catalysts
2.3 Separation Procedure of HTL Products
3 Research Focuses and Current Status
3.1 Reaction Mechanism
3.1.1 Reaction Network
3.1.2 Mechanism of Reaction/Interaction of Model Compounds
3.2 Operation Mode and Reactor Configuration
4 Challenges and Prospective of HTL Pathway for Algal Biorefinery
4.1 HTL Efficiency
4.2 Biocrude Quality and Utilization
4.3 Co-Products

People also search for Algal Biofuels Recent Advances and Future Prospects 1st:

algae biofuel current status and future applications
    
algal biofuels challenges and opportunities
    
algal biofuels pros and cons
    
algal biofuel production
    
biofuels from algae challenges and potential

Tags: Algal Biofuels, Recent Advances, Future Prospects, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Faizal Bux