An Introduction to Composite Materials 3rd Edition by T W Clyne, D Hull 1108644693 9781108644693

An Introduction to Composite Materials 3rd Edition by T.W. Clyne, D. Hull – Ebook PDF Instant Download/DeliveryISBN: 1108644693, 9781108644693 

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ISBN-10 :  1108644693 

ISBN-13 : 9781108644693

Author: T.W. Clyne, D. Hull 

This fully expanded and updated edition provides both scientists and engineers with all the information they need to understand composite materials, covering their underlying science and technological usage. It includes four completely new chapters on surface coatings, highly porous materials, bio-composites and nano-composites, as well as thoroughly revised chapters on fibres and matrices, the design, fabrication and production of composites, mechanical and thermal properties, and industry applications. Extensively expanded referencing engages readers with the latest research and industrial developments in the field, and increased coverage of essential background science makes this a valuable self-contained text. A comprehensive set of homework questions, with model answers available online, explains how calculations associated with the properties of composite materials should be tackled, and educational software accompanying the book is available online. An invaluable text for final-year undergraduates in materials science and engineering, and graduate students and researchers in academia and industry.

An Introduction to Composite Materials 3rd Table of contents:

1 General Introduction
1.1 Types of Composite Material
1.2 Property Maps and Merit Indices for Composite Systems
1.3 The Concept of Load Transfer
References
2 Fibres, Matrices and Their Architecture in Composites
2.1 Reinforcements
2.1.1 Carbon Fibres
From PolyAcryloNitrile (PAN)
From Mesophase Pitch
2.1.2 Glass Fibres
2.1.3 Polymeric Fibres
2.1.4 Silicon Carbide
2.1.5 Oxide Fibres
2.1.6 Ceramic Whiskers and Nanotubes
2.1.7 Particulate
2.2 Statistics of Fibre Tensile Strength
2.2.1 Fracture of Brittle Materials
2.2.2 Weibull Analysis
2.3 Matrices
2.3.1 Thermosetting Resins
2.3.2 Thermoplastics
2.3.3 Metal Matrices
2.3.4 Ceramic Matrices
2.4 Long Fibre Composite Architectures
2.4.1 Laminates
2.4.2 Woven and Planar Random Fibre Assemblies
2.5 Short Fibre Configurations
2.5.1 Fibre Orientation Distributions
2.5.2 Clustering of Fibres and Particles
References
3 Elastic Deformation of Long Fibre Composites
3.1 Axial Young’s Modulus
3.2 Transverse Young’s Modulus
3.3 Other Elastic Constants
3.3.1 Shear Moduli
3.3.2 Poisson Ratios
References
4 Tensor Analysis of Anisotropic Materials and the Elastic Deformation of Laminae
4.1 Tensor Representation of Elastic Deformation
4.1.1 Stress and Strain as Second-Rank Tensors
4.1.2 Transformation of Axes
4.1.3 Transformation of Second-Rank Tensors
4.1.4 Use of Mohr’s Circle
4.1.5 Representation of Strain
4.2 Stress-Strain Relationships and Engineering Constants
4.2.1 Stiffness and Compliance Tensors
4.2.2 Relationship to Elastic Constants
4.2.3 Engineering Shear Strains, Shear Modulus and Bulk Modulus
4.2.4 Relationships between Elastic Constants
4.3 Off-Axis Elastic Constants of Laminae
4.3.1 Matrix Notation
4.3.2 Effect of Material Symmetry
4.3.3 Off-Axis Loading of a Lamina
4.3.4 Engineering Constants
References
5 Elastic Deformation of Laminates
5.1 Loading of a Stack of Plies
5.1.1 Derivation of the Global Stiffness and Compliance Tensors
5.1.2 Predicted Elastic Behaviour
5.1.3 An Educational ‘Laminate Theory’ Package
5.2 Stresses and Distortions in Laminates
5.2.1 ‘Balanced’ Laminates
5.2.2 In-plane Stresses in Individual Plies of a Laminate
5.2.3 Coupling Stresses and Symmetric Laminates
6 Stresses and Strains in Short Fibre and Particulate Composites
6.1 The Shear Lag Model
6.1.1 Stress and Strain Distributions
6.1.2 The Stress Transfer Length (Aspect Ratio)
6.1.3 Transfer of Normal Stress across Fibre Ends
6.1.4 Prediction of Stiffness
6.1.5 Onset of Inelastic Behaviour
6.2 The Eshelby Method
6.2.1 History and Context
6.2.2 A Misfitting Ellipsoid
6.2.3 The Equivalent Homogeneous Ellipsoid
6.2.4 The Background Stress
6.2.5 Composite Stiffness
References
7 The Interface Region
7.1 Bonding Mechanisms
7.1.1 Adsorption and Wetting
7.1.2 Inter-Diffusion and Chemical Reactions
7.1.3 Mechanical Keying
7.1.4 Electrostatic Attraction
7.1.5 Residual Stresses
7.2 Experimental Measurement of Bond Strength
7.2.1 The Single Fibre Pull-out Test
7.2.2 The Single Fibre Push-out and Push-down Tests
7.2.3 Other Tests
7.3 Controlling the Interfacial Bond Strength
7.3.1 Coupling Agents and Environmental Effects
7.3.2 Interfacial Chemical Reaction and Diffusion Barrier Coatings
References
8 Stress-Based Treatment of the Strength of Composites
8.1 Failure Modes and Strength of Long Fibre Composites
8.1.1 Axial Tensile Strength
8.1.2 Transverse and Shear Strength
8.1.3 Axial Compressive Strength: Kink Band Formation
8.1.4 Axial Compressive Strength: Other Failure Modes
8.2 Failure of Laminae under Off-Axis Loads
8.2.1 Maximum Stress Criterion
8.2.2 Tsai-Hill Criterion
8.2.3 Experimental Study of Off-Axis Failure
8.2.4 Incorporation of Compressive Loading into Failure Envelopes
8.3 Strength of Laminates
8.3.1 Tensile Cracking
8.3.2 Laminate Failure under Uniaxial Loading
8.3.3 Inter-Laminar Stresses
8.4 Failure of Tubes and Pipes under Internal Pressure
8.4.1 Laminate Failure under Unequal Biaxial Loading
8.4.2 Netting Analysis
References
9 Fracture Mechanics and the Toughness of Composites
9.1 Fracture Mechanics
9.1.1 Energetics of Crack Propagation
9.1.2 Mechanisms of Energy Absorption during Crack Propagation
9.1.3 The Stress Intensity Factor
9.1.4 Toughness of Engineering Materials
9.1.5 Fracture Modes
9.2 Fracture of Composite Materials
9.2.1 Interfacial Debonding
9.2.2 Energy of Interfacial Debonding in Fibre Composites
9.2.3 Energy of Fibre Pull-Out
9.2.4 Toughness Testing and Typical Outcomes for Polymer Composites
9.2.5 Toughness of Metal Matrix Composites
9.2.6 Toughness of Cermets
9.2.7 Toughness of a Metal Fibre-Reinforced Ceramic Composite
9.3 Sub-Critical Crack Growth in Composites
9.3.1 Fatigue Crack Growth
9.3.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking
References
10 Thermal Effects in Composites
10.1 Thermal Expansion and Thermal Stresses
10.1.1 Thermal Expansivity Data for Reinforcements and Matrices
10.1.2 Axial Expansivity of Long Fibre Composites
10.1.3 Transverse Expansivities
10.1.4 Thermal Stresses
10.2 Thermal Cycling Effects
10.2.1 Thermal Cycling of Unidirectional Composites
10.2.2 Thermal Cycling of Laminates
10.3 Time-Dependent Deformation (Creep and Viscous Flow)
10.3.1 Simple Representation of Time-Dependent Deformation
10.3.2 Axial Creep of Long Fibre Composites
10.3.3 Creep under Transverse Load and in Discontinuously Reinforced Composites
10.4 Thermal Conduction
10.4.1 Heat Transfer Mechanisms and Typical Material Conductivities
10.4.2 Models for the Conductivity of Composites
10.4.3 Effects of Interfacial Thermal Resistance
10.4.4 Measured Conductivities of Polymer Matrix Composites
10.4.5 Measured Conductivities of Metal Matrix Composites
References
11 Surface Coatings as Composite Systems
11.1 Curvature in Substrate-Coating Systems
11.1.1 A Substrate-Deposit System with a Uniform Misfit Strain
11.1.2 Force and Strain Balances
11.1.3 Moment Balance
11.1.4 Stresses, Strains and Curvatures in Substrate-Deposit Systems
11.2 Curvatures and Their Measurement in Real Systems
11.2.1 Poisson Effects and the Biaxial Modulus
11.2.2 The Stoney Equation: The Thin Coating Limit
11.2.3 An Educational ‘Coating Mechanics’ Package
11.2.4 Experimental Measurement of Curvature
11.3 Spallation (Interfacial Debonding) of Coatings
References
12 Highly Porous Materials as Composite Systems
12.1 Types of Highly Porous Material and Their Production
12.1.1 Gas Evolution to Produce Foams
12.1.2 Syntactic Foams
12.1.3 Fibre Network Materials
12.2 Mechanical Properties of Highly Porous Materials
12.2.1 Stiffness
12.2.2 Deformation and Fracture of Foams
12.2.3 Deformation and Fracture of Fibre Network Materials
12.3 Permeation of Fluids through Highly Porous Materials
12.3.1 Permeability and Darcy’s Law
12.3.2 Filters and Scaffolds
12.4 Thermal Properties of Highly Porous Materials
12.4.1 Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Highly Porous Materials
12.4.2 Thermal Applications of Highly Porous Materials
References
13 Bio-Composites and Recycling
13.1 Biomaterials as Composite Systems
13.2 Cellulose-Based Fibres and Composites
13.2.1 Overview of the Growth and Structure of Wood
13.2.2 Elastic Constants of Wood
13.2.3 Strength Properties of Wood
13.2.4 Tension-Compression Asymmetry
13.3 Ceramic-Based Bio-Composites
13.3.1 Biomineralisation
13.3.2 Structure of Cortical and Cancellous Bone
13.3.3 Mechanical Properties of Bone
13.4 Recycling of Composite Materials
13.4.1 Life Cycles of Natural Composites
13.4.2 Reclamation and Recycling of Artificial Composites
References
14 Scale Effects and Nano-Composites
14.1 Scale Effects in Composite Systems
14.1.1 Effect of Scale on Mechanical Properties
14.1.2 Effect of Scale on Functional Properties
14.1.3 Effects of Scale on Microstructure
14.2 Fine-Scale, Carbon-Based Reinforcement
14.2.1 Graphene
14.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes and Micro-Fibrils
14.3 Composites Containing Nano-Scale Reinforcement
14.3.1 Production of Nano-Composites
14.3.2 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites
14.3.3 Functional Properties of Carbon-Polymer Nano-Composites
14.3.4 Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticle-Reinforced MMCs
References
15 Fabrication of Composites
15.1 Polymer Matrix Composites
15.1.1 Liquid Resin Impregnation Routes
15.1.2 Pressurised Consolidation of Resin Pre-Pregs
15.1.3 Consolidation of Resin Moulding Compounds
15.1.4 Injection Moulding of Thermoplastics
15.1.5 Hot Press Moulding of Thermoplastics
15.2 Metal Matrix Composites
15.2.1 Particulate MMCs
15.2.2 Reactively Processed MMCs
15.2.3 Short Fibre- and Monofilament-Reinforced MMCs
15.3 Ceramic Matrix Composites
15.3.1 Powder Sintering Routes with Ceramic Fibres
15.3.2 Powder Slurry Routes with Metallic Fibres
15.3.3 Carbon-Carbon Composites
References
16 Applications of Composites
16.1 Overview of Composite Usage
16.2 Aerospace and Automotive Applications
16.2.1 Airframes
16.2.2 Helicopter Rotor Blade
16.2.3 Car Body Panel
16.3 Marine and Wind Energy Applications
16.3.1 Yacht Hull
16.3.2 Wind Turbine Aerofoil
16.4 Sports Goods
16.4.1 Surfboard
16.4.2 Vaulting Pole
16.5 High-Temperature Applications
16.5.1 Aircraft Brakes
16.5.2 Diesel Engine Piston
16.5.3 Top Ring of Ladle for Continuous Casting of Steel
16.5.4 Atmosphere Re-entry Heat Shield

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