Ballast Railroad Design Smart Uow Approach 1st edition by Buddhima Indraratna, Trung Ngo 0429996313 9780429996313

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ISBN-10 :  0429996313 

ISBN-13 :  9780429996313

Author:  Buddhima Indraratna, Trung Ngo 

The rail network plays an essential role in transport infrastructure worldwide. A ballasted track is commonly used for several reasons, including economic considerations, load bearing capacity, rapid drainage and ease of maintenance. Given the ever-increasing demand for trains to carry heavier axle loads at greater speeds, traditional design and construction must undergo inevitable changes for sustainable performance. Ballast is an unbounded granular assembly that displaces when subjected to repeated train loading affecting track stability. During heavy haul operations, ballast progressively deteriorates and the infiltration of fluidized fines (mud pumping) from the underlying substructure and subgrade decreases its shear strength and also impedes drainage, while increasing track deformation and associated maintenance. Features: serves as a useful guide to assist the practitioner in new track design as well as remediating existing tracks. research discussed in this book has made considerable impact on the railway industry. resulting from collaborative research between academia and industry, incorporating sophisticated laboratory tests, computational modelling and field studies. This book presents a comprehensive procedure for the design of ballasted tracks based on a rational approach that combines extensive laboratory testing, computational modelling and field measurements conducted over the past two decades. Ballast Railroad Design: SMART-UOW Approach will not only become an imperative design aid for rail practitioners, but will also be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers alike in railway engineering.

Ballast Railroad Design: Smart-Uow Approach 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
1.1 General background
1.2 Limitations of current track design practices
1.3 New developments in SMART-UOW approach
1.4 Scope
2 Parameters for track design
2.1 General background
2.2 Typical ballasted track problems
2.3 Typical input parameters for track design
2.4 Substructure of ballasted tracks
2.5 Ballast
2.5.1 Ballast characteristics
2.6 Sub-ballast, subgrade/formation soils
2.6.1 Sub-ballast/filtration layer
2.6.2 Subgrade
2.7 Geosynthetics
2.8 Design criteria
2.9 Traffic conditions
2.10 Rail and sleeper properties
3 Bearing capacity of ballasted tracks
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Calculation of design wheel load (P)
3.2.1 AREA (1974) method
3.2.2 Eisenmann (1972) method
3.2.3 ORE (1969) method
3.3 Calculation of maximum rail seat load
3.3.1 AREA (1974) method
3.3.2 ORE (1969) method
3.3.3 Raymond (1977) method
3.4 Calculation of ballast/sleeper contact pressure
3.4.1 AREA (1974) method
3.5 Bearing capacity of ballast
4 Thickness of granular layer
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Procedure to determine the thickness of ballast and capping layer
4.2.1 Design procedure
4.3 Equivalent modulus and strain analysis
4.4 Determination of track modulus
4.4.1 Introduction
4.5 Determining the resilient modulus of ballast, MR
4.5.1 Empirical relationship to determine resilient modulus
4.5.2 Measured field values of dynamic track modulus
5 Effect of confining pressure and frequency on ballast breakage
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Determination of ballast breakage
5.3 Influence of confining pressure on ballast breakage
5.3.1 Prototype testing and experimental simulations
5.3.2 Laboratory study on the effect of confining pressure on ballast degradation
5.3.3 Prediction of axial strains and ballast breakage
5.3.4 Resilient modulus of ballast
5.4 Influence of frequency on ballast breakage
5.5 Volumetric behaviour of ballast under monotonic and cyclic loading
6 Impact of ballast fouling on rail tracks
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Quantifying of ballast fouling
6.3 Relation among fouling quantification indices
6.4 Influence of ballast fouling on track drainage
6.4.1 Drainage requirements
6.4.2 Fouling versus drainage capacity of track
6.5 Fouling versus operational train speed
6.6 Determining VCI in the field
7 Application of geosynthetics in railway tracks
7.1 Types and functions of geosynthetics
7.2 Geogrid reinforcement mechanism
7.3 Use of geosynthetics in tracks – UOW field measurements and laboratory tests
7.3.1 Track construction at Bulli
7.4 Measured ballast deformation
7.5 Traffic-induced stresses
7.6 Optimum geogrid size for a given ballast
7.7 Role of geosynthetics on track settlement
7.7.1 Predicted settlement of fresh ballast
7.7.2 Predicted settlement of recycled ballast
7.7.3 Settlement reduction factor
7.7.4 The effect of fouling on the ballast–geogrid interface shear strength
7.8 The effect of coal fouling on the load-deformation of geogrid-reinforced ballast
7.8.1 Laboratory study using process simulation testing apparatus
7.8.2 Materials tested
7.8.3 Cyclic testing program
7.8.4 Lateral deformation of fresh and fouled ballast
7.8.5 Vertical settlements of fresh and fouled ballast
7.8.6 Average volumetric and shear strain responses
7.8.7 Maximum stresses and ballast breakage
7.8.8 Proposed deformation model of fouled ballast
8 UOW – constitutive model for ballast
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Stress and strain parameters
8.2.1 Determination of model parameters
8.2.2 Applimcation of the UOW constitutive model to predict stress–strain responses
9 Sub-ballast and filtration layer – design procedure
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Requirements for effective and internally stable filters
9.3 Filter design procedure
9.3.1 Internal stability of subgrade
9.3.2 Re-grading subgrade
9.3.3 Selection of capping (sub-ballast) band and PSD of filter
9.3.4 Internal stability of capping
9.3.5 Application of CSD-based retention criterion
9.3.6 Thickness of a sub-ballast filter
10 Practical design examples
10.1 Worked-out example 1: calculate the bearing capacity of ballasted tracks
10.1.1 Design parameters
10.1.2 Calculation procedure
10.2 Worked-out example 2: determine the thickness of granular layer
10.2.1 Calculation procedure
10.3 Worked-out example 3: ballast fouling and implications on drainage capacity, train speed
10.3.1 Calculate levels of ballast fouling
10.3.2 Effect of ballast fouling on track drainage
10.3.3 Fouling versus train speed
10.4 Worked-out example 4: use of geosynthetics in ballasted tracks
10.4.1 Design input parameters
10.4.2 Predicted settlement of fresh ballast at N = 500,000 load cycle
10.4.3 Recycled ballast
10.5 Worked-out example 5: evaluation of track modulus and settlement
10.5.1 Determine the overall track modulus for a given track structure with the following information
10.5.2 Calculation procedure
10.6 Worked-out example 6: determine the friction angle of fouled ballast
10.6.1 Calculation procedure
10.7 Worked-out example 7: determine the settlement of fouled ballast
10.7.1 Calculation procedure
10.8 Worked-out example 8: calculate the ballast breakage index (BBI)
10.8.1 Calculation procedure
10.9 Worked-out example 9: effect of the depth of subgrade on determine thickness of granular layer
10.9.1 Example: Design a ballasted track substructure for a train crossing two different sections over the same highly plastic clay subgrade (CH); one section has 10 times the thickness of the other
10.9.2 Design summary
10.10 Worked-out example 10: design of sub-ballast/capping as a filtration layer for track
10.10.1 Design example 10.1: selection of effective granular filters effective to retain a base soil under given hydraulic conditions
10.10.2 Sub-ballast filter design
10.10.3 Design example 10.2: Geometrical assessment of internal instability potential of sub-ballast filter
11 Appendix A: Introduction of SMART tool for track design
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Practical design examples using SMART tool
11.2.1 Bearing capacity of ballast
11.2.2 Granular layer thickness
11.2.3 Effect of confining pressure
11.2.4 Effect of ballast fouling on track drainage
11.2.5 Effect of ballast fouling on operational train speed
11.2.6 Use of geosynthetics in tracks
11.2.7 Predicted settlements of ballast with or without geogrid
11.2.8 Ballast Constitutive Model
11.2.9 Selection of capping/sub-ballast for filtration layer
12 Appendix B: Unique geotechnical and rail testing equipment at the University of Wollongong

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Tags: Railroad Design, Smart Uow, Approach, Buddhima Indraratna, Trung Ngo