Composite Structures Design Mechanics Analysis Manufacturing and Testing 1st Edition by Manoj Kumar Buragohain 1351974912 9781351974912

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ISBN-10 :  1351974912 

ISBN-13 :  9781351974912

Author:  Manoj Kumar Buragohain 

The primary objective of this book is to bridge this gap by presenting the concepts in composites in an integrated and balanced manner and expose the reader to the total gamut of activities involved in composite product development. It includes the complete know-how for development of a composite product including its design & analysis, manufacture and characterization, and testing.The book has fourteen chapters that are divided into two parts with part one describing mechanics, analytical methods in composites and basic finite element procedure, and the second part illustratesr materials, manufacturing methods, destructive and non-destructive tests and design.

Composite Structures: Design, Mechanics, Analysis, Manufacturing, and Testing 1st Table of contents:

Part I: Introduction, Mechanics, and Analysis
Chapter 1: Introduction to Composites
1.1 Chapter Road Map
1.2 Introduction
1.3 History of Composites
1.4 Characteristics of Composite Materials
1.4.1 Definition
1.4.2 Classification
1.4.2.1 Polymer Matrix Composites
1.4.2.2 Metal Matrix Composites
1.4.2.3 Ceramic Matrix Composites
1.4.2.4 Carbon/Carbon Composites
1.4.2.5 Particulate Composites
1.4.2.6 Short Fiber Composites
1.4.2.7 Flake Composites
1.4.2.8 Unidirectional Composites
1.4.2.9 3D Composites
1.4.2.10 Laminated Composites
1.4.2.11 Sandwich Composites
1.4.3 Characteristics and Functions of Reinforcements and Matrix
1.4.4 Composites Terminologies
1.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Composites
1.5.1 Advantages
1.5.2 Disadvantages
1.6 Applications of Composites
1.7 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 2: Basic Solid Mechanics
2.1 Chapter Road Map
2.2 Principal Nomenclature
2.3 Introductory Concepts
2.3.1 Solid Mechanics and Continuum
2.3.2 Spatial Point, Material Point, and Configuration
2.3.3 Fundamental Principles and Governing Equations
2.4 Kinematics
2.4.1 Normal Strain and Shear Strain
2.4.2 Types of Strain Measures: 1D Approach
2.4.2.1 Engineering Strain
2.4.2.2 True Strain
2.4.2.3 Green Strain
2.4.2.4 Almansi Strain
2.4.3 Displacement at a Point
2.4.4 Deformation Gradient and Displacement Gradient
2.4.5 Infinitesimal Strain and Finite Strain Theories
2.4.6 Infinitesimal Strain at a Point
2.4.7 Finite Strain at a Point
2.4.7.1 Finite Strain Tensor
2.4.7.2 Physical Meaning of Finite Strain Tensor Components
2.4.8 Strain–Displacement Relations in Cylindrical Coordinates
2.4.9 Transformation of Strain Tensor
2.4.10 Compatibility Conditions
2.5 Kinetics
2.5.1 Forces on a Body
2.5.2 Cauchy’s Stress Principle and Stress Vector
2.5.3 State of Stress at a Point and Stress Tensor
2.5.4 Transformation of Stress Tensor
2.5.5 Stress Tensor–Stress Vector Relationship
2.5.6 Principal Stresses
2.5.7 Equilibrium Equations
2.6 Thermodynamics
2.7 Constitutive Modeling
2.7.1 Idealization of Materials
2.7.2 Elastic Materials
2.7.3 Generalized Hooke’s Law
2.7.3.1 Symmetry of Stress and Strain Tensors
2.7.3.2 Symmetry of Elastic Stiffness Matrix
2.7.3.3 Anisotropic Materials
2.7.3.4 Monoclinic Materials
2.7.3.5 Orthotropic Materials
2.7.3.6 Transversely Isotropic Materials
2.7.3.7 Cubic Symmetry
2.7.3.8 Isotropic Materials
2.8 Plane Elasticity Problems
2.8.1 Plane Stress
2.8.1.1 Plane Stress Problem in Orthotropic Materials
2.8.1.2 Plane Stress Problem in Isotropic Materials
2.8.2 Plane Strain
2.8.2.1 Plane Strain Problem in Orthotropic Materials
2.8.2.2 Plane Strain Problem in Isotropic Materials
2.9 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 3: Micromechanics of a Lamina
3.1 Chapter Road Map
3.2 Principal Nomenclature
3.3 Introduction
3.4 Basic Micromechanics
3.4.1 Assumptions and Restrictions
3.4.2 Micromechanics Variables
3.4.2.1 Elastic Moduli and Strengths of Fibers and Matrix
3.4.2.2 Volume Fractions
3.4.2.3 Mass Fractions
3.4.3 Representative Volume Element
3.5 Mechanics of Materials-Based Models
3.5.1 Evaluation of Elastic Moduli
3.5.1.1 Longitudinal Modulus (E1c)
3.5.1.2 Transverse Modulus (E2c)
3.5.1.3 Major Poisson’s Ratio (ν12c)
3.5.1.4 In-Plane Shear Modulus (G12c)
3.5.2 Evaluation of Strengths
3.5.2.1 Longitudinal Tensile Strength (σT1c)ult
3.5.2.2 Longitudinal Compressive Strength (σC1c)ult
3.5.2.3 Transverse Tensile Strength (σT2c)ult
3.5.2.4 Transverse Compressive Strength (σC2c)ult
3.5.2.5 In-Plane Shear Strength (τ12c)ult
3.5.3 Evaluation of Thermal Coefficients
3.5.4 Evaluation of Moisture Coefficients
3.6 Elasticity-Based Models
3.7 Semiempirical Models
3.7.1 General Form of Halpin–Tsai Equations
3.7.2 Halpin–Tsai Equations for Elastic Moduli
3.7.2.1 Longitudinal Modulus
3.7.2.2 Transverse Modulus
3.7.2.3 Major Poisson’s Ratio
3.7.2.4 In-Plane Shear Modulus
3.8 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 4: Macromechanics of a Lamina
4.1 Chapter Road Map
4.2 Principal Nomenclature
4.3 Introduction to Lamina
4.4 Constitutive Equations of a Lamina
4.4.1 Specially Orthotropic Lamina
4.4.1.1 Constitutive Relation
4.4.1.2 Restrictions on Elastic Constants
4.4.2 Generally Orthotropic Lamina
4.5 Engineering Constants of a Generally Orthotropic Lamina
4.6 Strength
4.6.1 Strength of an Orthotropic Lamina
4.6.2 Failure Criteria
4.6.2.1 Maximum Stress Failure Criterion
4.6.2.2 Maximum Strain Failure Criterion
4.6.2.3 Tsai–Hill Failure Criterion
4.6.2.4 Tsai–Wu Failure Criterion
4.6.2.5 Discussion on Failure Criteria
4.7 Hygrothermal Effects
4.7.1 Hygrothermal Effects in Specially Orthotropic Lamina
4.7.2 Hygrothermal Effects in Generally Orthotropic Lamina
4.8 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 5: Macromechanics of a Laminate
5.1 Chapter Road Map
5.2 Principal Nomenclature
5.3 Laminate Codes
5.4 Classification of Laminate Analysis Theories
5.5 Classical Laminated Plate Theory
5.5.1 Basic Assumptions
5.5.2 Kinematics of CLPT: Strain–Displacement Relations
5.5.3 Kinetics of CLPT: Force and Moment Resultants
5.5.4 Constitutive Relations in CLPT
5.6 Classical Laminated Shell Theory
5.6.1 Geometry of the Middle Surface
5.6.2 Kinematics of CLST: Strain–Displacement Relations
5.6.3 Kinetics of CLST: Force and Moment Resultants
5.6.4 Constitutive Relations in CLST
5.7 Hygrothermal Effects in a Laminate
5.7.1 Hygrothermal Constitutive Relations
5.7.2 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Coefficients of Moisture Expansion of a Laminate
5.8 Special Cases of Laminates
5.8.1 Significance of Stiffness Matrix Terms
5.8.2 Single-Ply Laminate
5.8.2.1 Single Isotropic Ply
5.8.2.2 Single Specially Orthotropic Ply
5.8.2.3 Single Generally Orthotropic Ply
5.8.3 Symmetric Laminate
5.8.4 Antisymmetric Laminate
5.8.5 Balanced Laminate
5.8.6 Cross-Ply Laminate
5.8.7 Angle-Ply Laminate
5.8.8 Quasi-Isotropic Laminate
5.9 Failure Analysis of a Laminate
5.9.1 First Ply Failure and Last Ply Failure
5.9.2 Progressive Failure Analysis
5.10 Other Topics in a Laminate Analysis
5.10.1 Interlaminar Stress
5.10.2 Shear Deformation Theories
5.10.3 Layerwise Theories
5.11 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 6: Analysis of Laminated Beams, Columns, and Rods
6.1 Chapter Road Map
6.2 Principal Nomenclature
6.3 Introduction
6.4 Bending of a Laminated Beam (Solid Rectangular Cross Section: Plies Normal to Loading Direction)
6.4.1 Basic Assumptions and Restrictions
6.4.2 Governing Equations
6.4.3 In-Plane Stresses
6.4.4 Interlaminar Stresses
6.4.5 Specific Cases of Beam Bending
6.4.5.1 Simply Supported Beam under Point Load
6.4.5.2 Simply Supported Beam under Uniformly Distributed Load
6.4.5.3 Fixed Beam under Point Load
6.4.5.4 Fixed Beam under Uniformly Distributed Load
6.4.5.5 Cantilever Beam under Point Load
6.4.5.6 Cantilever Beam under Uniformly Distributed Load
6.5 Bending of a Laminated Beam (Solid Rectangular Cross Section: Plies Parallel to Loading Direction)
6.6 Bending of a Laminated Composite Beam (Thin-Walled Cross Section)
6.6.1 T-Section
6.6.2 I-Section
6.6.3 Box-Section
6.7 Buckling of a Column
6.7.1 Concept of Buckling
6.7.2 Governing Equations
6.7.3 Specific Cases of Column Buckling
6.7.3.1 Simply Supported Column
6.7.3.2 Fixed-Free Column
6.7.3.3 Fixed-Fixed Column
6.8 Vibration of a Beam
6.8.1 Concept of Vibration
6.8.2 Governing Equations
6.8.3 Specific Cases
6.8.3.1 Simply Supported Beam
6.8.3.2 Fixed-Free Beam
6.8.3.3 Fixed-Fixed Beam
6.9 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 7: Analytical Solutions for Laminated Plates
7.1 Chapter Road Map
7.2 Principal Nomenclature
7.3 Introduction
7.3.1 Rectangular Laminated Plate under General Loading
7.3.2 Governing Equations for Bending, Buckling, and Vibration of Laminated Plates
7.3.2.1 Equilibrium Equations for Laminated Plate Bending
7.3.2.2 Buckling Equations for Laminated Plates
7.3.2.3 Vibration Equations for Laminated Plates
7.3.3 Boundary Conditions in a Laminated Plate
7.3.3.1 Simply Supported Boundary Condition
7.3.3.2 Clamped Boundary Condition
7.3.4 Solution Methods
7.3.4.1 Navier Method
7.3.4.2 Levy Method
7.3.4.3 Ritz Method
7.4 Solutions for Bending of Laminated Plates
7.4.1 Specially Orthotropic Plate with All Edges Simply Supported: Navier Method for Bending
7.4.1.1 Deflection of Middle Surface
7.4.1.2 In-Plane Stresses
7.4.1.3 Interlaminar Stresses
7.4.2 Specially Orthotropic Plate with Two Opposite Edges Simply Supported: Levy Method for Bending
7.4.2.1 Deflection of Middle Surface
7.4.2.2 In-Plane and Interlaminar Stresses
7.4.3 Specially Orthotropic Plate with All Edges Simply Supported: Ritz Method for Bending
7.4.3.1 Deflection of Middle Surface
7.4.3.2 In-Plane and Interlaminar Stresses
7.4.3.3 Approximation Functions for General Boundary Conditions
7.4.4 Symmetric Angle-Ply Laminated Plate with All Edges Simply Supported: Ritz Method for Bending
7.4.5 Antisymmetric Cross-Ply Laminated Plate with All Edges Simply Supported: Navier Method for Bending
7.4.6 Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminated Plate with All Edges Simply Supported: Navier Method for Bending
7.5 Solutions for Buckling of Laminated Plates
7.5.1 Specially Orthotropic Simply Supported Plate under In-Plane Uniaxial Compressive Loads: Navier Method for Buckling
7.5.2 Specially Orthotropic Simply Supported Plate under In-Plane Uniaxial Compressive Loads: Ritz Method for Buckling
7.5.3 Symmetric Angle-Ply Laminated Simply Supported Plate under In-Plane Uniaxial Compressive Loads: Ritz Method for Buckling
7.5.4 Antisymmetric Cross-Ply Laminated Simply Supported Plate under In-Plane Uniaxial Compressive Loads: Navier Method for Buckling
7.5.5 Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminated Simply Supported Plate under In-Plane Uniaxial Compressive Load: Navier Method for Buckling
7.6 Solutions for Vibration of Laminated Plates
7.6.1 Specially Orthotropic Simply Supported Plate: Navier Method for Free Vibration
7.6.2 Specially Orthotropic Simply Supported Plate: Ritz Solution for Free Vibration
7.6.3 Symmetric Angle-Ply Laminated Plate with All Four Edges Simply Supported: Ritz Method for Free Vibration
7.6.4 Antisymmetric Cross-Ply Laminated Simply Supported Plate: Navier Method for Free Vibration
7.6.5 Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminated Simply Supported Plate: Navier Method for Free Vibration
7.7 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 8: Finite Element Method
8.1 Chapter Road Map
8.2 Principal Nomenclature
8.3 Introduction
8.4 Basic Concepts in Finite Element Method
8.4.1 Elements and Nodes
8.4.2 Discretization
8.4.3 Approximating Function and Shape Function
8.4.4 Element Characteristic Matrices and Vectors
8.4.5 Derivation of Element Characteristic Matrices
8.4.6 Finite Element Equations by the Variational Approach
8.4.7 Coordinate Transformation
8.4.8 Assembly
8.4.9 Solution Methods
8.5 Basic Finite Element Procedure
8.6 Development of Elements
8.6.1 One-Dimensional Elements
8.6.1.1 Bar Element
8.6.1.2 Torsion Element
8.6.1.3 Planar Beam Element
8.6.1.4 General Beam Element
8.6.2 Two-Dimensional Elements
8.6.2.1 Rectangular Membrane Element
8.6.2.2 Rectangular Bending Plate Element
8.6.2.3 Rectangular General Plate Element
8.6.2.4 Rectangular General Plate Element with Laminated Composites
8.7 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Part II Materials, Manufacturing, Testing, and Design
Chapter 9: Reinforcements and Matrices for Polymer Matrix Composites
9.1 Chapter Road Map
9.2 Polymers
9.2.1 Thermosets
9.2.2 Thermoplastics
9.2.3 Rubber
9.3 Common Thermosets for PMCs
9.3.1 Epoxy Resins
9.3.1.1 Base Epoxy Resin
9.3.1.2 Applications
9.3.2 Polyester Resins
9.3.2.1 Polyester Oligomer
9.3.2.2 Applications
9.3.3 Vinyl Ester Resins
9.3.4 Phenolic Resins
9.4 Reinforcements
9.5 Common Reinforcements for PMCs
9.5.1 Glass Fibers
9.5.1.1 Types of Glass Fibers
9.5.1.2 Production of Glass Fiber
9.5.1.3 Forms of Glass Fiber Reinforcements
9.5.1.4 Properties of Glass Fibers
9.5.1.5 Applications of Glass Fibers
9.5.2 Carbon Fibers
9.5.2.1 Types of Carbon Fiber
9.5.2.2 Production of Carbon Fiber
9.5.2.3 Forms of Carbon Fiber Reinforcements
9.5.2.4 Properties of Carbon Fibers
9.5.2.5 Applications of Carbon Fibers
9.5.3 Aramid Fibers
9.5.3.1 Types of Aramid Fibers
9.5.3.2 Production of Aramid Fibers
9.5.3.3 Forms of Aramid Fibers
9.5.3.4 Properties of Aramid Fibers
9.5.3.5 Applications of Aramid Fibers
9.5.4 Boron Fibers
9.5.5 Extended Chain Polyethylene Fibers
9.5.6 Ceramic Fibers and Whiskers
9.5.7 Natural Fibers
9.6 Physical Forms of Reinforcements
9.6.1 Continuous and Short Fibers
9.6.2 Fabrics and Mats
9.6.3 Preforms
9.6.4 Molding Compounds
9.6.4.1 Sheet Molding Compounds
9.6.4.2 Bulk Molding Compounds
9.6.4.3 Injection Molding Compounds
9.6.5 Prepregs
9.7 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 10: Manufacturing Methods for Polymer Matrix Composites
10.1 Chapter Road Map
10.2 Introduction
10.3 Basic Processing Steps
10.3.1 Impregnation
10.3.2 Lay-Up
10.3.3 Consolidation
10.3.4 Solidification
10.4 Composites Manufacturing Processes
10.4.1 Open Mold Processes
10.4.1.1 Wet Lay-Up
10.4.1.2 Prepreg Lay-Up
10.4.1.3 Spray-Up
10.4.1.4 Rosette Lay-Up
10.4.2 Closed Mold Processes
10.4.2.1 Compression Molding Process
10.4.2.2 Resin Transfer Molding Process
10.4.3 Continuous Molding Processes
10.4.3.1 Pultrusion
10.4.3.2 Tape Winding
10.4.3.3 Fiber Placement
10.5 Filament Winding
10.5.1 Filament Winding Fundamentals and the Basic Process
10.5.1.1 Impregnation
10.5.1.2 Lay-Up
10.5.1.3 Consolidation
10.5.1.4 Solidification
10.5.1.5 Basic Processing Steps
10.5.2 Computational Aspects of Filament Winding
10.5.2.1 Geodesic and Nongeodesic Windings
10.5.2.2 Helical, Hoop, and Polar Windings
10.5.2.3 Programming Basics
10.5.3 Basic Raw Materials
10.5.4 Tooling and Capital Equipment
10.5.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
10.6 Curing
10.6.1 Tools and Equipment
10.6.2 Vacuum Bagging
10.6.3 Curing of Epoxy Composites
10.6.4 Curing of Phenolic Composites
10.7 Manufacturing Process Selection
10.7.1 Configuration of the Product
10.7.2 Size of the Product
10.7.3 Structural Property Requirement
10.7.4 Surface Finish
10.7.5 Reliability and Repeatability
10.7.6 Production Requirement
10.7.7 Tooling Requirements
10.7.8 Automation and Skilled Manpower Needs
10.7.9 Cycle Time
10.7.10 Cost
10.8 Other Topics in Composites Manufacturing
10.8.1 Process Modeling
10.8.2 Machining of Composites
10.8.2.1 Requirements of Composites Machining
10.8.2.2 Critical Aspects of Composites Machining
10.9 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 11: Testing of Composites and Their Constituents
11.1 Chapter Road Map
11.2 Introduction
11.2.1 Test Objectives
11.2.2 Building Block Approach
11.2.3 Test Standards
11.3 Tests on Reinforcement
11.3.1 Nonmechanical Tests on Reinforcement
11.3.1.1 Density of Fiber
11.3.1.2 Moisture Content
11.3.1.3 Filament Diameter
11.3.1.4 Tex
11.3.1.5 Fabric Construction
11.3.1.6 Areal Density of Fabric
11.3.2 Mechanical Tests on Reinforcement
11.3.2.1 Tensile Properties by Single-Filament Tensile Testing
11.3.2.2 Tensile Properties by Tow Tensile Testing
11.3.2.3 Breaking Strength of Fabric
11.4 Tests on Matrix
11.4.1 Nonmechanical Tests on Matrix
11.4.1.1 Density
11.4.1.2 Viscosity
11.4.1.3 Glass Transition Temperature
11.4.2 Mechanical Tests on Matrix
11.4.2.1 Tensile Properties
11.4.2.2 Compressive Properties
11.4.2.3 Shear Properties
11.5 Tests for Lamina/Laminate Properties
11.5.1 Nonmechanical Tests on Laminae
11.5.1.1 Density of Composites
11.5.1.2 Constituent Content
11.5.1.3 Void Content
11.5.1.4 Glass Transition Temperature
11.5.2 Tests for Mechanical Properties of a Lamina
11.5.2.1 Tension Testing
11.5.2.2 Compression Testing
11.5.2.3 Shear Testing
11.5.2.4 Flexural Testing
11.5.2.5 Fracture Toughness Test
11.5.2.6 Fatigue Testing
11.5.3 Note on Tests for Laminate Properties
11.6 Tests for Element-Level Properties
11.6.1 Open-Hole Tests
11.6.2 Bolted Joint
11.6.2.1 Bearing Strength
11.6.2.2 Bearing/By-Pass Strength
11.6.2.3 Shear-Out Strength
11.6.2.4 Fastener Pull-Through Strength
11.6.3 Bonded Joint
11.6.3.1 Adhesive Characterization
11.6.3.2 Bonded Joint Characterization
11.7 Tests at Component Level
11.7.1 Subscale Component Testing
11.7.2 Full-Scale Component Testing
11.8 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 12: Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites
12.1 Chapter Road Map
12.2 Introduction
12.2.1 Defects in Polymer Matrix Composites
12.2.2 NDT Techniques
12.3 Ultrasonic Testing
12.3.1 Basic Concept of Ultrasonic Testing
12.3.2 Test Equipment
12.3.3 Through-Transmission Technique
12.3.4 Pulse-Echo Technique
12.3.5 Data Representation: A-Scan, B-Scan, and C-Scan
12.3.5.1 A-Scan
12.3.5.2 B-Scan
12.3.5.3 C-Scan
12.3.6 Advantages and Disadvantages
12.4 Radiographic Testing
12.4.1 Basic Concept of Radiographic Testing
12.4.2 Radiographic Test Setup
12.4.2.1 X-Ray Radiography
12.4.2.2 Gamma Ray Radiography
12.4.3 Real-Time Radiography
12.4.4 Computed Tomography
12.4.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
12.5 Acoustic Emission
12.5.1 Basic Concept of Acoustic Emission
12.5.1.1 Acoustic Emission
12.5.1.2 AE Sources
12.5.1.3 Kaiser Effect and Felicity Effect
12.5.2 AE Test Setup
12.5.3 Data Acquisition
12.5.4 Data Analysis
12.5.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
12.6 Infrared Thermography
12.6.1 Basic Concept of IR Thermography
12.6.2 Types of Active Thermographic Methods
12.6.2.1 Pulse Thermography
12.6.2.2 Lock-In Thermography
12.6.2.3 Vibrothermography
12.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
12.7 Eddy Current Testing
12.7.1 Basic Concept of Eddy Current Testing
12.7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
12.8 Shearography
12.8.1 Basic Concept of Shearography
12.8.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
12.9 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 13: Metal Matrix, Ceramic Matrix, and Carbon/Carbon Composites
13.1 Chapter Road Map
13.2 Introduction
13.3 Metal Matrix Composites
13.3.1 Characteristics of MMCs
13.3.2 Matrix Materials for MMCs
13.3.3 Reinforcing Materials for MMCs
13.3.4 Manufacturing Methods for MMCs
13.3.4.1 Powder Metallurgy Methods
13.3.4.2 Consolidation Diffusion Bonding
13.3.4.3 Liquid Metal Infiltration Process
13.3.4.4 Stir Casting Method
13.3.4.5 Spray Casting
13.3.4.6 Deposition Methods
13.3.4.7 In Situ Methods
13.3.5 Applications of MMCs
13.4 Ceramic Matrix Composites
13.4.1 Characteristics of CMCs
13.4.2 Matrix Materials for CMCs
13.4.3 Reinforcing Materials for CMCs
13.4.4 Manufacturing Methods for CMCs
13.4.4.1 Powder Consolidation Methods
13.4.4.2 Slurry Infiltration
13.4.4.3 Liquid Infiltration
13.4.4.4 Sol–Gel Technique
13.4.4.5 CVI and CVD
13.4.4.6 Polymer Infiltration and Pyrolysis
13.4.4.7 Reaction Bonding Processes
13.4.5 Applications of CMCs
13.5 Carbon/Carbon Composites
13.5.1 Characteristics of C/C Composites
13.5.2 Manufacturing Methods for C/C Composites
13.6 Summary
Exercise Problems
References and Suggested Reading
Chapter 14: Design of Composite Structures
14.1 Chapter Road Map
14.2 Introduction
14.3 Basic Features of Structural Design
14.3.1 Requirements
14.3.1.1 Strength
14.3.1.2 Stiffness
14.3.1.3 Other Design Requirements
14.3.2 Resources
14.3.2.1 Material
14.3.2.2 Manufacturing Technology
14.3.2.3 Computing Technology
14.3.2.4 Human Resources
14.3.3 Constraints
14.3.3.1 Weight
14.3.3.2 Cost
14.3.3.3 Assembly Requirements
14.3.3.4 Manufacturing Feasibility
14.4 Design versus Analysis
14.5 Composites Structural Design
14.5.1 Generation of Specifications
14.5.2 Materials Selection
14.5.2.1 Selection of the Composite Material
14.5.2.2 Selection of the Reinforcements
14.5.2.3 Selection of the Matrix
14.5.3 Configuration Design
14.5.4 Analysis Options
14.5.5 Manufacturing Process Selection
14.5.6 Testing and NDE Options
14.5.7 Design of Laminate and Joints
14.6 Laminate Design
14.6.1 Scope of Laminate Design
14.6.2 Laminate Design Concepts
14.6.2.1 Load Definitions
14.6.2.2 Design Allowables
14.6.2.3 Factor of Safety, Margin of Safety, Buckling Factor, and Knockdown Factor
14.6.3 Laminate Design Process
14.6.3.1 Laminate Selection
14.6.3.2 Laminate Analysis and Measurement
14.6.3.3 Laminate Design Criteria
14.7 Joint Design
14.7.1 Introduction
14.7.2 Types of Joints
14.7.3 Bonded Joints
14.7.3.1 Introduction to Bonded Joints
14.7.3.2 Failure Modes in Bonded Joints
14.7.3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Bonded Joints
14.7.3.4 General Design Considerations
14.7.4 Mechanical Joints
14.7.4.1 Introduction to Mechanical Joints
14.7.4.2 Failure Modes in Mechanical Joints
14.7.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechanical Joints
14.7.4.4 General Design Considerations
14.7.5 Other Joints
14.8 Stiffened Structures
14.8.1 Introduction
14.8.2 Failure Modes in a Stiffened Structure
14.8.3 Design of Stiffeners
14.9 Optimization
14.10 Design Examples
14.10.1 Design of a Tension Member
14.10.1.1 Micromechanics-Based approach
14.10.1.2 Macromechanics-Based approach
14.10.2 Design of a Compression Member
14.10.3 Design of a Torsion Member
14.10.4 Design of a Beam
14.10.5 Design of a Flat Panel under In-Plane Loads
14.10.6 Design of a Pressure Vessel under Internal Pressure
14.10.6.1 Introduction
14.10.6.2 Advantages of Composite Pressure Vessels
14.10.6.3 Configuration of a Pressure Vessel
14.10.6.4 End Domes
14.10.6.5 Metallic End Fittings
14.10.6.6 Ply Design
14.11 Summary

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Tags: Composite Structures, Design, Mechanics, Analysis, Manufacturing, Testing, Manoj Kumar Buragohain