Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental Engineers 2nd Edition by Isam Mohammed Abdel Magid Ahmed 1351650922 9781351650922

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ISBN-10 :  1351650922 

ISBN-13 : 9781351650922

Author: Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid Ahmed 

Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental Engineers in its second edition incorporates changes and introduces new concepts using Visual Basic.NET, a programming language chosen for its ease of comprehensive usage. This book offers a complete understanding of the basic principles of environmental engineering and integrates new sections that address Noise Pollution and Abatement and municipal solid-waste problem solving, financing of waste facilities, and the engineering of treatment methods that address sanitary landfill, biochemical processes, and combustion and energy recovery. Its practical approach serves to aid in the teaching of environmental engineering unit operations and processes design and demonstrates effective problem-solving practices that facilitate self-teaching. A vital reference for students and professional sanitary and environmental engineers this work also serves as a stand-alone problem-solving text with well-defined, real-work examples and explanations.

Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental Engineers 2nd Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Programming Concepts
1.1 How It All Started
1.2 Components of a Computer
1.3 Types of Programs
1.3.1 OS (Supervisor Programs)
1.3.2 Utility Programs (User Programs)
1.4 Programming and Languages
1.5 The Open-Source Movement
1.6 About the .NET Framework
1.7 What Is VS.NET?
1.8 Fundamentals of the VB .NET Language
1.8.1 Variables and Constants
1.8.2 Operators
1.8.3 The REM Statement (Remark or the Single Quote
1.8.4 The End Statement
1.8.5 The GoTo Statement (Transfer of Control and Unconditional Branching)
1.8.6 Intrinsic Functions (Library or Built-In Functions)
1.8.7 The IF…THEN Construct (Conditional Transfer)
1.8.8 The CASE Construct
1.8.9 The FOR…TO…NEXT Block (Building a Loop)
1.8.10 DO…LOOP
1.8.11 The STRING Class
1.8.12 The FORMAT Family of Functions
1.8.13 The Drawing Functions
1.8.14 The DIM Statement
1.8.15 Functions and Subroutines
1.8.16 The MSGBOX and INPUTBOX Functions
1.8.17 Objects and Their Properties
1.9 Programs on the Accompanying CD/ROM
1.10 Homework Problems in Programming Concepts
References
Chapter 2 Computer Modeling Applications for Water and Wastewater Properties
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of Water and Wastewater
2.3 Physical Properties
2.3.1 Temperature
2.3.2 Conductivity
2.3.3 Salinity
2.3.4 Solids Content
2.3.5 Total Dissolved Solids
2.3.6 Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, and Specific Gravity
2.3.7 Viscosity (Rheological Properties)
2.3.8 Surface Tension and Capillary Rise
2.3.9 Bulk Modulus (Bulk Modulus of Elasticity)
2.4 Chemical Characteristics
2.4.1 Hydrogen Ion Concentration
2.4.2 Hardness
2.5 Biological Properties
2.5.1 Dissolved Oxygen
2.5.2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
2.6 Radioactivity
2.7 Homework Problems in Water and Wastewater Properties
2.7.1 Discussion Problems
2.7.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
References
Chapter 3 Computer Modeling Applications for Water Resources, Usage, Groundwater, and Water Storage and Distribution
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Water Sources and Footprints
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Water Footprint
3.2.3 Source Selection
3.3 Population Growth and Consumption Design Rates
3.4 Fire Demand
3.5 Groundwater Flow
3.6 Water Storage
3.6.1 Water Storage
3.6.2 Mass Curve (Rippl Diagram and S-Curve)
3.7 Water Distribution
3.7.1 Introduction
3.7.2 Patterns of Pipelines in Water Networks
3.7.3 Viscous Flow in Closed Conduits
3.7.3.1 Fundamental Equations for an Incompressible Flow
3.7.4 Flow in Pipes
3.7.4.1 Laminar Flow (Hagen-Poiseuille Flow)
3.7.4.2 Turbulent Flow
3.7.4.3 Minor Losses
3.7.5 Pipes in Series
3.7.5.1 Equivalent-Velocity-Head Method
3.7.5.2 Equivalent-Length Method
3.7.6 Pipes in Parallel (Pipe Network)
3.7.6.1 Disadvantages of the Hardy Cross Method
3.7.6.2 Analysis of Pipe Networks by the Finite Element Method
3.7.6.3 Advantages of the Finite Element Method
3.8 Structural Design of Storage Tanks
3.8.1 Analysis of Forces
3.8.1.1 Circular Tanks
3.8.1.2 Rectangular Tanks
3.8.2 Design of the Section
3.9 Homework Problems in Water Resources, Water Storage, and Water Distribution
3.9.1 Discussion Problems
3.9.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
References
Chapter 4 Computer Modeling Applications for Water Treatment
4.1 Water Treatment Systems
4.2 Aims of Water Treatment
4.3 Screening
4.4 Sedimentation
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Types of Settling Phenomenon
4.4.3 Class I Settling
4.4.4 Settling Characteristics
4.4.5 The Ideal Sedimentation Basin
4.4.6 Elements That Reduce the Efficiency in the Performance of Sedimentation Basins
4.4.6.1 Turbulence
4.4.6.2 Bottom Scour
4.4.6.3 Nonuniform Velocity Distribution and Short-Circuiting
4.4.7 Design of the Settling Zone
4.4.8 Settling of Flocculent Particles
4.4.9 Analysis of Flocculent Settling
4.4.10 General Design Considerations
4.4.10.1 Rectangular Tanks
4.4.10.2 Circular Settling Tanks (Dorr Settling Tanks)
4.5 Flocculation and Coagulation
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 Electrokinetics of Coagulation
4.5.3 Design Parameters
4.5.4 Design of Flocculator
4.6 Aeration and Gas Transfer
4.7 Filtration
4.7.1 Introduction
4.7.2 Filtration Theory
4.7.3 Clogging of the Filter Bed
4.7.4 Backwashing a Rapid Sand Filter
4.8 Methods of Desalination
4.8.1 Introduction
4.8.2 Distillation
4.8.3 Osmosis
4.8.4 Electrodialysis
4.9 Disinfection Process
4.9.1 Introduction
4.9.2 Chlorination
4.10 Corrosion
4.10.1 Introduction
4.10.2 Corrosion Potential Indicators
4.10.2.1 Langelier Index
4.10.2.2 Ryznar Index
4.10.2.3 Aggressiveness Index
4.10.3 Rate of Corrosion
4.11 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Water Treatment
4.11.1 Discussion Problems
4.11.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
References
Chapter 5 Computer Modeling Applications for Wastewater Collection System and Treatment Technology and Disposal
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sewers and Sewerage Systems
5.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Sewer Systems
5.2.1.1 Separate System
5.2.1.2 Combined System
5.2.1.3 Other Considerations
5.2.2 Flow Rates of Sanitary Wastewater
5.2.3 Storm Water
5.2.4 Hydraulics of Sewers
5.2.5 Flow Friction Formulae
5.2.6 Design Computations
5.2.6.1 Capacity of Flow Estimates
5.2.6.2 Self-Cleansing Velocities
5.2.7 Summary of Sewer System Design
5.2.8 Corrosion in Sanitary Sewers
5.2.8.1 Sulfide Buildup Estimates
5.2.8.2 Filled Pipe Conditions
5.2.8.3 Partially Filled Pipe Conditions
5.3 Wastewater Disposal for Rural Inhabitants
5.3.1 Septic Tanks
5.3.1.1 Introduction
5.3.1.2 Designing Septic Tanks
5.3.1.3 Septic Tank Effluents
5.3.2 Imhoff Tanks
5.4 Sources and Evaluation of Wastewater Flow Rates
5.5 Concept of PE
5.6 Reasons for Treating Wastewater
5.7 Wastewater Treatment Unit Operations and Processes
5.8 Preliminary Treatment: Grit Removal
5.9 Secondary Treatment (Aerobic and Biological)
5.9.1 Introduction
5.9.2 Suspended Growth Systems (Aerobic Suspended Growth Process): Activated Sludge Process
5.9.3 Activated Sludge Process Kinetics
5.9.4 Factors Affecting the Activated Sludge Process
5.9.4.1 Volume and Sludge Loadings
5.9.4.2 Sludge Age, Mean Cell Residence Time, Solids Retention Time, or Cell Age
5.9.4.3 Effects of SVI (Mohlman Sludge Volume Index)
5.9.4.4 SDI or Donaldson Index
5.10 Attached Growth Treatment Processes: Trickling Filter
5.10.1 Introduction
5.10.2 Recirculation to the Trickling Filter
5.10.3 Efficiency of a Trickling Filter (BOD Removal Efficiency)
5.10.3.1 NRC Formula
5.10.3.2 Velz Formula
5.10.3.3 Rankin Formula
5.10.3.4 Rumpf Formula
5.10.3.5 Eckenfelder Equation
5.10.3.6 Galler and Gotaas Equation
5.10.4 Overall Treatment Plant Efficiency
5.10.5 Trickling Filter Clarifier
5.11 Combined Suspended and Attached Growth Systems WSP, Lagoon, or Oxidation Pond
5.11.1 Introduction
5.11.2 WSP Design
5.11.2.1 General
5.11.2.2 Completely Mixed Conditions
5.11.2.3 Maturation WSP
5.12 Sludge Treatment and Disposal
5.12.1 Sludge Digestion
5.12.2 Sludge Dewatering
5.12.2.1 Introduction
5.12.2.2 Filtration of Sludge
5.12.2.3 Centrifugation
5.13 Wastewater Disposal
5.13.1 Dilution
5.13.2 Disposal into Natural Waters
5.13.2.1 Introduction
5.13.2.2 Oxygen Renewal and Depletion in Rivers
5.13.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curves in Rivers
5.13.3 Disposal into Lakes
5.13.4 Disposal in Estuaries
5.14 Homework Problems in Wastewater Collection System, Wastewater Treatment Technology, and Disposal
5.14.1 Discussion Problems
5.14.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
References
Chapter 6 Computer Modeling Applications for Municipal Solid Waste Classification, Quantities, Properties, Collection, Processing, Material Separation, and Cost Estimates
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Physical Properties of Solid Waste
6.2.1 Moisture Content
6.2.2 Particle Size
6.2.3 Permeability of Compacted Waste
6.2.4 Apparent Density
6.2.5 Angle of Repose
6.2.6 Size of Reduction in Volume (Reduction Volume)
6.2.7 Material Abrasiveness
6.3 Chemical Properties of Solid Waste
6.3.1 Fusion Point of Ash (Ash Fusibility)
6.3.2 Proximate Analysis
6.3.3 Ultimate Analysis
6.3.4 Volatile Solids
6.3.5 Heat Value of Refuse
6.4 Solid Waste Collection
6.5 Solid Waste Collection, Processing, and Material Separation
6.6 Sanitary Landfill
6.7 Biochemical Processes, Combustion, and Energy Recovery
6.8 Cost Estimates for Solid Waste Facilities
6.8.1 Capital Cost and Capital Recovery Factor
6.8.2 Present Worth Value and Present Worth Factor
6.8.3 Sinking Fund and Sinking Fund Factor
6.8.4 Total Cost
6.9 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Municipal Solid Waste Classification, Quantities, Properties, Collection, Processing, Material Separation, and Cost Estimates
6.9.1 Discussion Problems
6.9.1.1 Solid Waste Research
6.9.1.2 Type of Waste
6.9.1.3 Solid Waste Types
6.9.1.4 Solid Waste Amount
6.9.1.5 Solid Waste Properties
6.9.1.6 Solid Waste Collection
6.9.1.7 Solid Waste Recycling and Reuse
6.9.1.8 Solid Waste Treatment
6.9.1.9 Solid Waste Finance and Costs
6.9.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
6.9.2.1 Amount of Solid Waste
6.9.2.2 Solid Waste Properties
6.9.2.3 Solid Waste Collection
6.9.2.4 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
6.9.2.5 Solid Waste Finance and Cost Analysis
References
Chapter 7 Computer Modeling Applications for Air Pollution Control Technology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fundamental Concepts in Air Pollution
7.2.1 Units of Measurement
7.2.2 Mole and Mole Fraction
7.2.3 Basic Gas Laws
7.2.3.1 Boyle’s Law
7.2.3.2 Charles’s Law
7.2.3.3 Ideal Gas Law
7.2.4 Van der Waal’s Equation
7.2.5 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
7.2.6 Henry’s Law
7.2.7 Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
7.2.8 Reynolds Numbers
7.2.9 Stoke’s Law
7.2.10 Particle Size Distribution—Log Normal
7.3 Air Pollution Control Technology
7.3.1 Settling Chambers
7.3.2 Cyclones
7.3.3 Electrostatic Precipitators
7.3.4 Venturi Scrubbers
7.3.5 Baghouse or Fabric Filters
7.3.6 Combustion Processes
7.3.7 Packed Column Absorption Towers
7.3.8 Adsorption
7.4 Air Quality Modeling
7.4.1 Introduction
7.4.2 Effective Stack Height
7.4.3 Dispersion Models
7.4.3.1 Basic Gaussian Dispersion Model
7.4.3.2 U.S. EPA Dispersion Models
7.4.3.3 SCREEN2 Dispersion Model
7.5 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Air Pollution Control Technology
7.5.1 Discussion Problems
7.5.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
References
Chapter 8 Computer Modeling Applications for Noise Pollution and Abatement
8.1 Sound and Noise
8.2 Effects of Noise
8.3 Decibel Scale
8.4 Sound Fields from Different Sound Sources
8.5 Noise Measurement
8.6 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Noise Pollution and Abatement
8.6.1 Discussion Problems
8.6.2 Special Mathematical Problems

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