DESIGN OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES 2nd Edition by Paul Rosenbaum 3030464059 9783030464059

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ISBN-10 :  3030464059 

ISBN-13 : 9783030464059

Author:  Paul R. Rosenbaum 

This second edition of Design of Observational Studies is both an introduction to statistical inference in observational studies and a detailed discussion of the principles that guide the design of observational studies. An observational study is an empiric investigation of effects caused by treatments when randomized experimentation is unethical or infeasible. Observational studies are common in most fields that study the effects of treatments on people, including medicine, economics, epidemiology, education, psychology, political science and sociology. The quality and strength of evidence provided by an observational study is determined largely by its design.  Design of Observational Studies is organized into five parts. Chapters 2, 3, and 5 of Part I cover concisely many of the ideas discussed in Rosenbaum’s Observational Studies (also published by Springer) but in a less technical fashion. Part II discusses the practical aspects of using propensity scores and other tools to create a matched comparison that balances many covariates, and includes an updated chapter on matching in R. In Part III, the concept of design sensitivity is used to appraise the relative ability of competing designs to distinguish treatment effects from biases due to unmeasured covariates. Part IV is new to this edition; it discusses evidence factors and the computerized construction of more than one comparison group. Part V discusses planning the analysis of an observational study, with particular reference to Sir Ronald Fisher’s striking advice for observational studies: “make your theories elaborate.” This new edition features updated exploration of causal influence, with four new chapters, a new R package DOS2 designed as a companion for the book, and discussion of several of the latest matching packages for R. In particular, DOS2 allows readers to reproduce many analyses from Design of Observational Studies.

DESIGN OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES 2nd Table of contents:

Part I. Beginnings
1. Dilemmas and Craftsmanship
2. Causal Inference in Randomized Experiments
3. Two Simple Models for Observational Studies
4. Competing Theories Structure Design
5. Opportunities, Devices, and Instruments
6. Transparency
7. Some Counterclaims Undermine Themselves
Part II. Matching
8. A Matched Observational Study
9. Basic Tools of Multivariate Matching
10. Various Practical Issues in Matching
11. Fine Balance
12. Matching Without Groups
13. Risk-Set Matching
14. Matching in R
Part III. Design Sensitivity
15. The Power of a Sensitivity Analysis and Its Limit
16. Heterogeneity and Causality
17. Uncommon but Dramatic Responses to Treatment
18. Anticipated and Discovered Patterns of Response
19. Choice of Test Statistic
Part IV. Enhanced Design
20. Evidence Factors
21. Constructing Several Comparison Groups
Part V. Planning Analysis
22. After Matching, Before Analysis
23. Planning the Analysis

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