Industrial Internet of Things Cybermanufacturing Systems 1st Edition by Sabina Jeschke, Christian Brecher, Houbing Song, Danda Rawat 3319425597 9783319425597

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ISBN-10 :  3319425597 

ISBN-13 :  9783319425597

Author:  Sabina Jeschke, Christian Brecher, Houbing Song, Danda B. Rawat 

This book develops the core system science needed to enable the development of a complex industrial internet of things/manufacturing cyber-physical systems (IIoT/M-CPS). Gathering contributions from leading experts in the field with years of experience in advancing manufacturing, it fosters a research community committed to advancing research and education in IIoT/M-CPS and to translating applicable science and technology into engineering practice. Presenting the current state of IIoT and the concept of cybermanufacturing, this book is at the nexus of research advances from the engineering and computer and information science domains. Readers will acquire the core system science needed to transform to cybermanufacturing that spans the full spectrum from ideation to physical realization.

Industrial Internet of Things: Cybermanufacturing Systems 1st Table of contents:

1 Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber Manufacturing Systems
1 Introduction
2 Foundations of the Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber Manufacturing Systems
3 Potentials and Challenges
4 Major Research Initiatives
5 Approaches and Solutions
5.1 Modeling for CPS and CMS
5.2 Architectural Design Patterns for CMS and IIoT
5.3 Communication and Networking
5.4 Artificial Intelligence and Analytics
5.5 Evolution of Workforce and Human-Machine-Interaction
6 A Glance into the Future: Towards Autonomous Networked Manufacturing Systems
Acknowledgments
References
2 An Application Map for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems
1 An Introduction to Cyber-Physical Systems
2 Foundations of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems
2.1 Technical Dimension of Cyber-Physical Systems
2.2 Human Dimension of Cyber-Physical Systems
2.3 Organizational Dimension of Cyber-Physical Systems
3 Categories of Potential Improvement for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems
3.1 Automatization
3.2 Autonomization
3.3 Human-Machine Interaction
3.4 Decentralization
3.5 Digitization for Process Alignment
3.6 Big Data
3.7 Cyber Security
3.8 Knowledge Management
3.9 Qualification
4 Elaboration of an Application Map for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems
4.1 Smart Factory
4.2 Industrial Smart Data
4.3 Industrial Smart Services
4.4 Smart Products
4.5 Product-Related Smart Data
4.6 Product-Related Smart Services
4.7 Utilization of the Application Map
5 Summary and Outlook
References
3 Cyber-Physical Electronics Production
1 Trends and Requirements in Modern Electronics Production
1.1 Miniaturization and Function Integration
1.2 Flexibility and Complexity
1.3 Logistics and Production Concepts
2 Enabling E-CPS Technologies
2.1 Sensor Integration, Printing Technologies and Communications
2.2 Software Systems
2.3 Autonomous and Smart One-Piece-Flow
3 Concept of a Cyber-Physical Electronics Production System
3.1 Self-Learning Electronics Production Processes
3.2 Assistance Systems
3.3 Integrated Cyber-Physical Electronics Production
References
Modeling for CPS and CMS
4 Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering for Manufacturing
1 Introduction
2 Cyber-Physical Systems
3 Systems Engineering
4 Manufacturing Innovation
5 Smart Manufacturing Systems Programs at NIST
5.1 Smart Manufacturing Systems Design and Analysis
5.1.1 Modeling Methodologies for Manufacturing System Analysis
5.1.2 Predictive Analytics for Manufacturing Systems
5.1.3 Performance Measurement for Smart Manufacturing
5.1.4 Service-Based Manufacturing and Service Composition
5.2 Smart Manufacturing Operations Planning and Control
5.2.1 Digital Thread for Smart Manufacturing
5.2.2 Systems Analysis Integration for Smart Manufacturing Operations
5.2.3 Wireless Systems for Industrial Environments
5.2.4 Cybersecurity for Smart Manufacturing Systems
5.2.5 Prognostics, Health Management and Control
5.2.6 Smart Manufacturing Systems Test Bed
6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
References
5 Model-Based Engineering of Supervisory Controllers for Cyber-Physical Systems
1 Introduction
1.1 Model-Based Systems Engineering
1.2 Structure of This Chapter
2 Synthesis-Based Development of Coordination Control
3 Description of an AGV System
3.1 Components of the Multi Mover
3.2 Interaction of the Components
4 Hybrid Models of the Uncontrolled System
4.1 Multi Mover High-Level Modes and Movement
4.2 Drive Motor
4.3 Steer Motor
4.4 Ride Control
4.5 Battery Sensor
4.6 Proximity Sensor
4.7 Bumper Switch
4.8 LEDs and Buttons
4.9 Abstraction Form Hybrid Automata to Discrete-Event Models
5 Requirements of the System
5.1 Emergency and Error Handling
5.2 LED Actuation
5.3 Motor Actuation
5.4 Button Handling
5.5 Proximity Sensors and Ride Control Handling
6 Synthesis of Supervisory Controller
7 Simulation-Based Visualization
8 Concluding Remarks
References
6 Formal Verification of SystemC-based Cyber Components
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Preliminaries
3.1 Bounded Model Checking and Induction
3.2 SystemC Basics
4 TLM Property Checking
4.1 Simplified Model of the SystemC Kernel
4.2 Model Generation
4.2.1 SystemC to SCTLMD
4.2.2 Kernel Integration
4.2.3 Limitations
4.3 Property Language and Monitor Generation
4.3.1 Simple Safety Properties
4.3.2 Transaction Properties
4.3.3 System-Level Properties
4.4 BMC-Based Verification
5 Induction-Based TLM Property Checking
6 Experiments
6.1 BMC-Based Verification
6.1.1 FIFO Design
6.1.2 TLM-2.0 Design
6.2 Induction-Based Verification
6.2.1 FIFO Design and TLM-2.0 Design
6.2.2 JPEG Encoder
6.2.3 Chain Benchmark
6.3 Summary of Experimental Results
7 Conclusions
References
7 Evaluation Model for Assessment of Cyber-Physical Production Systems
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
2 A First Analysis of Value-Adds
3 State-of-the-Art
4 Approach and Methodology
5 Abilities of Cyber-Physical Systems
5.1 Abilities of Capturing and Processing Data and Information
5.2 Abilities of High-Quality Analysis with Artificial Intelligence
6 Advanced Abilities
6.1 The “Industrie 4.0” Component
6.2 Artificial Intelligence
7 Performance Indicators
7.1 Identified Performance Indicators
7.2 Performance Indicators of the Overall Systems Architecture
7.2.1 Modularity
7.2.2 Complexity
7.3 Performance Indicators of Production Operation
7.3.1 Maintainability
7.3.2 Production Efficiency
7.4 Performance Indicators of Changing Production Systems
7.4.1 Re-configurability
7.4.2 Automatic Planning
7.4.3 Automatic Adaptation
7.5 Performance Indicators of Cyber Support
7.5.1 Social Interaction
7.5.2 Support of Decisions
7.5.3 Further Characteristics: Usability
7.6 Relation Between Performance Indicators and Abilities
8 Validation
9 Conclusion
10 Further Work
References
Architectural Design Patterns for CMS and IIoT
8 CPS-Based Manufacturing with Semantic Object Memories and Service Orchestration for Industrie 4.0
1 Introduction
2 Use Cases
2.1 Use Case 1: Orchestrated Production
2.2 Use Case 2: Automated Maintenance
2.3 Use Case 3: Priority Management
3 Related Work
3.1 Semantic Technologies
3.2 Hardware Requirements
3.3 M2M Communication
3.4 Digital Object Representations
3.5 Conclusion
4 Digital Object Memories
4.1 Data Model
4.2 Storage Infrastructure
4.3 Communication Interfaces
5 Semantic Service Orchestration
5.1 Service Discovery
5.2 Semantic Orchestration
6 Conclusion
References
9 Integration of a Knowledge Database and Machine Vision Within a Robot-Based CPS
1 Introduction
2 Terms and Conditions
3 Research Efforts
4 Handling Dangerous Goods Using Industrial Machine Vision
4.1 Analysis of the Process Flow and the Boundary Conditions
4.2 Solution
4.3 Detection the Orientation of the Manhole Cover
4.4 Examination of Manhole Cover Seal
4.5 Operator Interface of the System
4.6 Control and Communication Concept
4.7 Conclusion
5 Laundry Logistics in Conjunction with RFID Systems
5.1 Prospective Applications of Industry 4.0 in the Textile Industry
5.2 Implementation of Industry 4.0 Within Industrial Laundries
5.3 Conclusion
6 Production, in Particular Assembly with the Help of Physical Human-Robot Interaction (PHRI)
6.1 Challenges
6.1.1 Objectives and Approach
6.1.2 Description of Process
6.2 Planning
6.2.1 Analysis
6.2.2 Sub Problems
6.2.3 Requirements
6.3 Applied Technologies
6.3.1 Robotics
6.3.2 Machine Vision and Data Bases
6.3.3 Pre-separation
6.3.4 Robotics and Cell
6.3.5 Tools Used
6.3.6 Human Machine Interface
6.3.7 Search Strategy
6.3.8 Image Processing and Database
6.4 Procedure for Developing the Solution
6.5 Summary
7 Research Challenges and Conclusions
References
10 Interoperability in Smart Automation of Cyber Physical Systems
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Machine-Machine Interaction
2.1.1 Field Bus Systems and the Industrial Ethernet
2.1.2 Data Distribution Service (DDS)
2.1.3 OPC Unified Architecture
2.2 Human-Robot-Interaction
3 Holistic Interoperability in Production Networks
3.1 Interoperability on Machine-Machine-Level Using OPC UA and Semantic Technologies
3.2 Using Artificial Intelligence to Learn from Data
4 Towards Interoperability in Human-Robot Interaction
4.1 System Design
4.2 Gathering
4.3 Recognition and Evaluation
4.4 Respond
5 Use Cases
5.1 Adaptable Demonstrator for Flexible Production Organization
5.2 Virtual Production Intelligence Platform
5.3 Canoe
6 Conclusion
References
11 Enhancing Resiliency in Production Facilities Through Cyber Physical Systems
1 Introduction
2 The Need for Resilient Factories in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.1 Cyber-Physical Systems, Self-Optimization and the Internet of Things
2.1.1 Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
2.1.2 Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS)
2.1.3 Self-Optimization
2.1.4 Internet of Things
2.1.5 Industry 4.0
2.2 Resilient Production Systems
2.2.1 Market Trend Customized Products
2.2.2 Technology Trend Cyber-Physical Production Systems
2.2.3 Global Trend of Energy and Resource Efficiency
2.2.4 The Resilient Factory as a Response to the Given Trends
3 Objectives of the Resilient Factory
4 Two Example Cases for Cyber-Physical Systems in Production
4.1 Energy-Oriented Manufacturing Planning and Control System
4.1.1 Requirements and Conditions
4.1.2 Concept and Procedure
4.1.3 Applications and Potentials
4.2 Smart Glasses in Industrial Assembly
4.2.1 Overview of Smart Devices Established on the Market
4.2.2 Current Applications and Suitability of Smart Devices in Production
4.2.3 Potentials for Increased Productivity and New Applications
5 Prerequisites and Requirements for Cyber-Physical Production Systems in the Resilient Factory
5.1 Technical Requirements
5.1.1 Decentralized IT Structures
5.1.2 Data Security
5.1.3 Modularity of Technical Systems
5.1.4 Fusion of Shopfloor- and Office-IT
5.1.5 Integration of People: Socio-Technical Systems
5.2 Scientific Requirements
5.2.1 Reliability of Adaptive, Learning Systems
5.2.2 Integration of Risk Management for Non-deterministic Systems
5.2.3 Model-Based Cooperation: Contradictions, Incompleteness, Failures
5.2.4 Emergent Patters
5.2.5 Conflicting Data and Information
6 Conclusion
References
Communication and Networking
12 Communication and Networking for the Industrial Internet of Things
1 Introduction
2 Communication in Industrial Automation
2.1 Definitions
2.2 Current Trends in Industrial Communications
2.3 Challenges for the Industrial Internet of Things
3 Communication Within a Local Automation Cell
3.1 Diversity Schemes
3.1.1 Frequency Diversity
3.1.2 Time Diversity
3.1.3 Spatial Diversity
3.2 Medium Access Control
3.2.1 Performance Metrics with Regard to the IIoT
3.2.2 Example: IEEE 802.15.4
4 Communication Within the Factory Hall and Beyond
4.1 Routing and Addressing Background
4.2 Challenges for Routing and Addressing in the IIoT
4.2.1 IPv6 and 6LoWPAN
4.3 Addressing and Routing in Standardized Protocol Stacks
5 Application Layer Communication
5.1 The Constrained Application Protocol
5.1.1 The Block Mode
5.1.2 The Observer Mode
5.1.3 CoAP and Proxies
5.2 Cloud and Distributed Processing
6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
13 Communications for Cyber-Physical Systems
1 Introduction
2 Data Communication Networks
3 Types of Communication Networks for CPSs
4 Impact of Communication Network Deficiencies
5 Reliable Communications Within CPSs
6 Approaches to Improve Communications Reliability
6.1 Network Provided QoS Provisioning
6.2 Redundancy
6.3 New Network Generations
7 CPS Communications Using the Internet
8 Communication Standards for CPSs
9 Communication Patterns for CPSs
9.1 Request-Response
9.2 Discovery
9.3 Publish-Subscribe
10 Conclusion
References
Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics for Manufacturing
14 Application of CPS in Machine Tools
1 Motivation for CPS in the Manufacturing Environment
2 State of the Art—Literature Review
2.1 Characteristics of Cyber-Physical Systems in Manufacturing
2.2 Classification of Intelligent Objects in the Machining Process
2.3 Definition of “Real Time” in the Context of Manufacturing
2.4 Derivation of Requirements
3 Approach to Information Distribution
4 Solutions in the Area of Machining
4.1 Intelligent Chuck for Turning Machine
4.1.1 Phase I: Company Management Level—Analysis of the Turning Process
4.1.2 Phase II: Production Management Level—Scheduling and Situational Production Control
4.1.3 Phase III: Shop Floor—Development of a Chuck Control
4.2 Intelligent Milling Tool
4.2.1 Phase I: Company Management Level—Smart Analytics
4.2.2 Phase II: Production Management Level—Automatic Configuration
4.2.3 Phase III: Shop Floor—Development of the Intelligent Tool
5 Evaluation and Classification
5.1 Validation of the Developed CPS
5.2 Evaluation of the Defined Requirements
5.3 Classification of the Developed Solutions
6 Summary
References
15 Going Smart—CPPS for Digital Production
1 Introduction
2 Technology Knowledge for Digital Production
2.1 Sensors—Perception Organs of CPPS
2.1.1 Concepts of Sensor Integration and Fusion
2.1.2 Applications in Production Environments
2.2 CPPS—The Architecture for Smart Applications
2.2.1 Technology Models—Knowledge Carriers of Production Entities
2.2.2 Tech Apps—The CPPS Human Machine Interface
3 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
16 Manufacturing Cyber-Physical Systems (Industrial Internet of Things)
1 Introduction
2 Preconditions and Standards
3 Challenges
3.1 Steps During the Tank Wagon Loading
3.2 Activities on Top of the Filling Plant
3.3 Activities on the Underside of the Filling Plant
3.4 Opening of the Tank Wagon
4 Requirements from the Manual Process to the Automation
5 Solution Concept (Available Technologies, Intelligent IT, CPS Development)
5.1 Structure of the System
5.2 Process of the Automatic Opening of the Dome Cover
5.3 Vision System
5.4 Gripper System
5.5 Robot System
5.6 Security System
5.6.1 Risks
5.6.2 Technical and Complementary Protective Actions
5.7 Total System: Dome Cover Opening System
5.8 Flow and Operating Concept
6 Research Challenges
7 Conclusions
References
17 Cyber-Physical System Intelligence
1 Introduction
2 Autonomy of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in a Smart Factory
2.1 Components for CPS Autonomy
3 Achieving CPS Autonomy in Smart Factories
4 The RoboCup Logistics League (RCLL)
5 Case Studies on Task-Level Executives for the RCLL
5.1 CLIPS-Based Agent Program
5.2 OpenPRS
5.3 YAGI
5.4 Common Behavioral Architecture
6 Evaluation
6.1 RoboCup 2014 Evaluation Using the CLIPS-Based Agent
6.2 Automated Simulation Tournament for CLIPS and OpenPRS
7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
18 Big Data and Machine Learning for the Smart Factory—Solutions for Condition Monitoring, Diagnos
1 Introduction
2 Big Data in CPSs
3 Requirements and Challenges to Data Quality
4 Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis
4.1 Anomaly Detection Using Identified Hybrid Timed Automata
4.2 Identification of Behavior Models Using Map/Reduce Technology
4.3 Condition Monitoring in Continuous Processes
5 System Optimization
6 Smart Services and Applications
7 Summary and Outlook
References
19 Overview of the CPS for Smart Factories Project: Deep Learning, Knowledge Acquisition, Anomaly De
1 Introduction
2 Technical Infrastructure
2.1 Deep Learning
2.2 Knowledge Acquisition
2.3 Anomaly Detection
2.4 Intelligent User Interfaces
3 Use Cases
3.1 Industrial Robots and Anomaly Modeling
3.2 Anomaly Treatment in the Steel Domain
3.3 Outlook: Anomaly Detection in the Energy Domain
Acknowledgments
References
20 Applying Multi-objective Optimization Algorithms to a Weaving Machine as Cyber-Physical Productio
1 Introduction
2 Approach and Implementation of Multi-objective Self-optimization Procedure
2.1 Signal Processing
2.2 Measurement Technology of Warp Tension
2.3 Measurement Technology for Energy Consumption
2.3.1 Air Consumption Measurement
2.3.2 Active Power Measurement
2.3.3 Measurement Technology for Fabric Quality
2.4 Program Steps
3 Desirability Functions and Nelder/Mead Algorithm
3.1 Desirability Functions
3.2 Nelder/Mead Algorithm
3.3 Experimental Results
4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
21 Cyber Physical Production Control
1 Current Challenges of Production Control
2 Vision of a Cyber Physical Production Control
2.1 Smart Decision Support in Daily Life
2.2 Enabler for Decision Support Systems in Production Control
2.2.1 Cyber-Physical Systems
2.2.2 Fast Mobile Internet Infrastructure
2.2.3 Automatic Model Generation in Simulation Software
3 Data Analytics Enable Cyber Physical Production Control
3.1 Data Quality as an Enabler of Cyber Physical Production Control
3.2 Descriptive Analytics
3.3 Diagnostic Analytics
3.4 Predictive Analytics
3.5 Prescriptive Analytics
3.6 Adjusting Production
4 Summary and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
22 A Versatile and Scalable Production Planning and Control System for Small Batch Series
1 Introduction
1.1 Industry 4.0 Based on Cyber-Physical Systems
1.2 Smart Factory Versus Smart Logistics
1.3 Area of Conflict: Deterministic Planning Versus Decentralized Control
1.4 Overview of Structure
2 Conceptual Approach
3 Exploiting Flexibility Potentials
4 Production Planning
5 Production Control
6 Conclusion and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Evolution of Workforce and Human-Machine Interaction
23 CPS and the Worker: Reorientation and Requalification?
1 Enter the Process Worker
2 The Opening of the Lights-Out Factory
3 What Skills Now?
4 The (Temporary?) Return of the Gods
5 The New Factory: Connecting the Dots
6 Worker and Management: Converging Roles?
7 Conclusion: Moving up the Ladder
References
24 Towards User-Driven Cyber-Physical Systems—Strategies to Support User Intervention in Provision
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Cyber-Physical Systems
2.2 Solutions for User Intervention in Cyber-Physical Systems
2.3 Architectures for Cyber-Physical Systems
2.4 Requirements of User Intervention for Cyber-Physical System Architecture
3 Example—A User-Driven Cyber Physical Production System
4 Strategies for User-Driven Cyber-Physical Systems
4.1 Strategies for User Intervention in Behaviour of CPS
4.2 Strategies for User Intervention in Behaviour of Supporting Services
5 Architecture for a User-Driven Cyber-Physical System
5.1 End User Viewpoint
5.2 CPS Developer Viewpoint
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
25 Competence Management in the Age of Cyber Physical Systems
1 Companies in the Age of Industrie 4.0
2 Cyber Physical Systems
3 Competencies and Competence Management
3.1 Defining Individual and Organizational Competencies
3.2 Classification and Measuring of Competencies
3.2.1 Competence Classification
3.2.2 Competence Measurement
4 Consequences and New Competence Requirements for Employees Through CPS Complexity
5 Development of a Measurement Instrument for Competencies in the Age of CPS
6 Conclusions
References
Adjacent Fields and Ecosystems
26 Cyber-Physical Systems for Agricultural and Construction Machinery—Current Applications and Fut
1 Introduction
2 Challenges
2.1 Challenges in Agricultural Machinery
2.2 Challenges in Construction Machinery
3 CPS for Mobile Machines
4 Data
5 Key Technologies
6 Key Algorithms
7 Exemplary Processes
7.1 Construction Process
7.1.1 Conclusion CPS in Construction Machinery and Future Potential
7.2 Agricultural Process
7.2.1 Conclusion CPS in Agricultural Machinery and Future Potential
8 Conclusion
References
27 Application of CPS Within Wind Energy—Current Implementation and Future Potential
1 Motivation
2 Potential in Wind Energy
2.1 Wind Turbine
2.2 Wind Farm
2.3 Grid and Local Smart Grid
2.4 Community Interests
3 CPS in Wind Energy
3.1 Current Applications of CPS in Wind Energy
3.1.1 Condition Monitoring System
3.1.2 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
3.1.3 Smart Grid and the Integration of Wind Energy
3.1.4 Interaction of Wind Energy and Storage Systems
3.2 Future CPS in Wind Energy
3.2.1 Wind Turbine/Farm
3.2.2 Wind Data
3.2.3 Supply Predictor
3.2.4 Operation and Condition Analyzer
3.2.5 Demand Predictor/Power Requirement
3.2.6 Storage
3.2.7 Electricity Exchange
3.2.8 Community Interests
3.2.9 Central Analyzer and Optimizer
3.2.10 Operation and Maintenance Controller
3.2.11 Energy Controller
4 Outlook and Conclusions
References
28 Transfer Printing for Cyber-Manufacturing Systems
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals of Transfer Printing
2.1 Basic Concepts in Transfer Printing
2.2 Advanced Transfer Printing Techniques
3 Opportunities of Transfer Printing for Cyber-Manufacturing Systems
3.1 Stretchable Electronics
3.2 Dissolvable Electronics
3.3 Opportunities of Transfer Printing Enabled Devices for Cyber-Manufacturing Systems
4 Challenges of Transfer Printing for Cyber-Manufacturing Systems
5 Future Scope
Acknowledgments
References
29 Advanced Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystems: The Case of Massachusetts
1 Introduction
2 Definition of Key Terms
3 Trends in Advanced Manufacturing
4 The Competitive Position of Manufacturing in Massachusetts
5 The Massachusetts Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem
5.1 OEMs Within the Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem
5.2 SMEs Within the Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem
5.3 Universities in the Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem
5.4 Startups in the Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem
6 Manufacturing Intermediaries
7 Recommendations to Improve the Innovation Ecosystem
7.1 Advanced Manufacturing Strategy and Agenda
7.2 Collaboration with OEMs to Drive Innovation and Upgrade SME Capabilities
7.3 Technological and Managerial Support for Innovation in SMEs
7.4 Connections Between Startups and the Innovation Ecosystem
8 Conclusion

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