Nutritional Influences on Bone Health 9th edition by Connie M. Weaver 3319324173 9783319324173

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ISBN-10 :  3319324173 

ISBN-13 : 9783319324173

Author: Connie M. Weaver 

The 9th International Symposium is the only regular meeting in the bone field to be exclusively devoted to nutrition, bone and muscle, and it allows the authors of this book to review the new scientific data, discuss new concepts, and update the knowledge on several nutrients.  The Symposium provides a unique opportunity to connect health professionals, researchers and industry across many disciplines, including nutrition and dietetics, exercise science, gerontology, nursing, general practice, academia and the food and fitness industry.  Most causes for osteoporosis, like genetics, age, menopause, and associated diseases with their treatments, are not modifiable. The investigation of the influence of nutrition on bone health is important as a key modifiable factor of the development of bone and the prevention of osteoporosis. It is the privilege of this symposium to gather every three years with scientists from all over the world working in this field. 

Nutritional Influences on Bone Health 9th International Symposium 1st Table of contents:

Part I: Sarcopenia and Obesity
1: Sarcopenia: The Concept and Its Definitions
The Concept Sarcopenia
Changes in Muscle Mass with Aging
Accurate Assessment of Muscle Mass
Accurate Interpretation of Muscle Mass
Recent Definitions of Sarcopenia
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Recent Sarcopenia Definitions
The Future of Sarcopenia Research
References
2: Defining Sarcopenia
Introduction
Lean Tissue Mass
Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
Grip Strength
Falls: An Important Clinical Consequence of Sarcopenia
Operational Definitions of Sarcopenia
Which Operational Definitions Predict the Rate of Falls
Study Measurements
Prevalence of Sarcopenia by the 9 Definitions
Conclusion
References
3: Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Pediatric Bone
Introduction
Bone Mass, Structure and Strength
Bone Microarchitecture
Depot-Specific Adiposity
Insulin Resistance and Bone
Summary and Conclusions
References
4: Influence of Sarcopenic and Dynapenic Obesity on Musculoskeletal Health and Function in Olde
Introduction
Sarcopenia and Dynapenia
Sarcopenic and Dynapenic Obesity
Physical Performance
Falls, Fractures and Bone Health
Osteoarthritis
Lifestyle Interventions for Sarcopenic and Dynapenic Obesity
Summary
References
Part II: Protein
5: Evidence for a Link Between Dietary Protein and Bone & Muscle Health in Adults
Introduction
Biological Mechanisms: Results From Calcium Absorption Studies
Dietary Protein and Bone Density
Dietary Protein and Hip Fracture
Dietary Protein Intervention Studies – and a Plausible Role for Calcium
Summary of Dietary Protein and Bone
Dietary Protein and Muscle
References
6: Dietary Protein, Exercise and Skeletal Muscle: Is There a Synergistic Effect in Older Adults a
Introduction
Does Protein Enhance the Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle in Older Adults?
Type of Protein
Amount of Protein
Protein Spread or Change Theory
Timing of Protein Intake
Pattern or Distribution of Protein Intake
Co-nutrient Ingestion
Summary and Future Directions
References
Part III: Selected Nutrients
7: The Use of Calcium for Phosphate Control in Chronic Kidney Disease
Introduction
Overview of Phosphorus in Normal Physiology
Abnormal Phosphorus Metabolism in Kidney Disease
Risk of Excess Phosphorus
Phosphate Management in CKD-MBD
Calcium-Based Phosphate Binders
Calcium Balance Studies in CKD
Conclusions
References
8: Vitamin C and Bone Health
Introduction
Vitamin C Effects on the Skeleton
Vitamin C and Bone Density
Evidence from Cross-Section and Case–Control Studies
Interaction with Smoking
Interaction with Smoking and Estrogen Use
Interaction with Calcium Intake
Interaction with Calcium Intake and Estrogen Use
Evidence from Longitudinal Studies of Vitamin C and Bone Loss
Evidence from Intervention Studies
Vitamin C and Fracture Risk
Conclusion
References
9: Acid-Base Balance of the Diet: Implications for Bone
Introduction
Effect of Acid Base Balance on Bone Related Outcomes
Calcium Excretion
Calcium Balance
Bone Turnover Markers
Bone Formation
Bone Resorption
Bone Loss and Fractures
Observational Studies
Randomized Controlled Trials
References
10: Vitamin E Homologues: Current Evidence
Introduction
Vitamin E Homologues and Bone Health
Sources of Tocopherols and Relationship with Inflammation in a Scottish Cohort
Conclusions
References
Part IV: Bioactives
11: Dietary Dried Plum Increases Peak Bone Mass
Introduction
Effects of Dried Plum on Bone
Dietary Supplementation with DP Increases Peak Bone Mass
Conclusions
References
12: Transgenerational Benefits of Soy Isoflavones to Bone Structure in the CD-1 Mouse Model
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Mouse Intervention
Micro-computed Tomography Analyses of Femurs and Lumbar Vertebrae
Scanning, Reconstruction and Reorientation
Regions of Interest, Thresholding and Microstructural Analyses
Statistical Analyses
Results
Discussion
References
13: A Lignan-Rich Bioactive Fraction of Sambucus williamsii Hance Exerts Oestrogen-Like Bone Protec
Introduction
Dose-Dependent Effects of SWC Extract on Bone Properties in Aged Ovariectomized Rats
Bioactive Ingredients in SWC That Account for Its Bone Protective Effects
Mechanism Involved in Mediating the Bone Protective Action of the Identified Bioactive Ingredie
Conclusion
References
14: Prebiotics, Calcium Absorption, and Bone Health
Introduction
Improving Calcium Utilization
Prebiotic-Induced Shifts in Gut Microbiota
Association of Prebiotic-Induced Shifts in the Gut Microbiome with Calcium Utilization
Mechanisms of Action of Fermenting Microbes
Conclusions and Next Steps
References
15: Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics and Foods with Regard to Bone Metabolism
Background
Diet, Gut Microbiota and Bone
Probiotics, Prebiotics or Synbiotics and Gut Ecology
Probiotics, Prebiotics or Synbiotics and Mineral Absorption – Acute Effects/Short-Term Effects
Probiotics, Prebiotics or Synbiotics and Bone Mineral – Long-Term Effects/Cumulative Effects
Prebiotics and Antibiotics
Conditions That Affect Experimental Outcomes
Mechanisms How Probiotics, Prebiotics or Synbiotics Affect Bone
Prebiotics, Luminal Fermentation and Intestinal Flora
Prebiotics, Bone and Inflammation
Probiotics, Bone and Inflammation
Foods with Prebiotic or Antioxidative Activity, “Healthy Diets” and Practical Consideration
Summary and Conclusion
References
Part V: Vitamin D and Calcium
16: Predicting Calcium Requirements in Children
Determining Calcium Requirements
Strengths and Limitations of Maximal Retention and Factorial Approaches to Determining Calcium
Personalizing Calcium Requirements in Adolescents
Determining DXA-derived Bone Calcium Accrual
Next Steps
References
17: Assessment of Vitamin D Status
Introduction
Prediction of vitamin D Status
Assessment of Vitamin D Status: Laboratory Methods
Standardization
Influence of Vitamin D Binding Protein
Interaction with Other Vitamin D Metabolites
Measurement of Free 25(OH)D
Conclusion
Challenges
References
18: Vitamin D in Obesity and Weight Loss
Introduction
Recommended Intakes and Serum Levels in Healthy Populations and Obesity
Body Weight, Adiposity and Vitamin D
Mechanisms Explaining a Low Serum 25OHD in Obesity
Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in the Obese
Serum 25OHD with Weight Loss
Vitamin D Supplementation During Weight Loss
Preliminary Findings
Conclusion
References
19: Vitamin D and Fall Prevention: An Update
Background and Current Guidelines
Mechanistic Data that Link Vitamin D to Muscle Health
Clinical Trials on Vitamin D and Fall Prevention
Which Target Population Benefits Most from Vitamin D Supplementation and Fall Prevention?
Is There a Therapeutic Range for Vitamin D and Fall Prevention?
Is There a Therapeutic Range of Vitamin D for Fall-Related Fractures?
Summary
References
20: After Vitamin D Supplementation There Is an Increase in Serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D but No Evide
Introduction
The Effect of Vitamin on Calcium Absorption
Results in the Older Women
Results in the Younger Women
Baseline Cross Sectional Analysis
Summary
References
21: Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Bone Health: Ancillary Studies in the VITAL Randomized
Rationale
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Bone
Design
Baseline Characteristics
VITAL Parent Study
VITAL-Bone Health
VITAL Fracture
VITAL Bone Health Sub-cohort
Randomization
Quality Control
Hybrid Design of VITAL Bone Health Studies
Bone Imaging Technologies
Other Hypotheses
References
22: Vitamin D, Exercise, and Health
Design
Participants
Outcome Measures
Data Collection
Quality of Life (QoL)
Fear of Falling
Statistical Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Part VI: Dairy
23: The Potential Role of Dairy Foods in Fracture Prevention in Elderly in Aged-Care
The Aging Population: A Global Phenomena
The Growing Fracture Burden
The Role of Institutionalized Care for the Elderly
Dietary Factors That Contribute to Fracture Risk in Elderly in Aged-Care
Malnutrition in Elderly Aged-Care Residents
Protein Deficiency and Fracture Risk in the Elderly
Calcium Deficiency and Fracture Risk in the Elderly
Vitamin D Deficiency and Fracture Risk in the Elderly
Dairy Intake and Fracture Risk in the Elderly
Strategies to Reduce Fracture Risk in Elderly Aged-Care Residents
Oral Nutritional Supplements and Fracture Risk Reduction in Elderly Aged-Care Residents
Fortification of Dairy Produce and Fracture Risk Reduction in Elderly Aged-Care Residents
Food-Based Approaches to Improving Nutrient Intake in Elderly in Aged-Care
Feeding Assistance
Are Residents Provided with Enough Food?
Are Elderly in Aged-Care Provided the Right Types of Foods?
Provision of Dairy Produce as a Food-­Based Approach to Fracture Prevention
Why Target Anti-fracture Interventions at Elderly People in Aged Care?
References
24: Clinical Trial of Dairy in Adolescent Girls: Effect on Bone Accrual
Introduction
Methods
Design
Participants
Assessments
Intervention
Statistical Approach
Results
Discussion
References
Part VII: Nutrition, Bone and Special Conditions
25: Intestinal Calcium Absorption and Skeletal Health After Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric Surgery and Skeletal Health
Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Obesity and with Nonsurgical Weight Loss
Intestinal Calcium Absorption After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Future Direction: Intestinal Calcium Absorption After Other Bariatric Surgical Procedures
References
26: Nutrition, Adolescent Pregnancy and Bone
Calcium and Vitamin D Physiology Across Gestation in Adults
Calcium and Vitamin D Physiology Across Gestation in Adolescents
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism During Pregnancy
Teen Pregnancy and Bone Mass
Teen Pregnancy and Fetal Skeletal Growth
Gaps in Knowledge
Conclusion
References
Part VIII: Recommendations
27: Lifestyle Factors That Affect Peak Bone Mass Accrual: Summary of a Recent Scientific Statement
Introduction
Bone Accretion
Methods for Measuring Peak Bone Mass
Mechanical Loading
Nonmodifiable Factors
Genetics
Sex
Maturation
Modifiable Factors
Macronutrients
Fat
Protein
Micronutrients
Calcium
Vitamin D
Other Micronutrients
Food Patterns
Infant Nutrition
Body Composition
Special Issues
Alcohol
Smoking
Contraception
Pregnancy and Lactation
Anorexia Nervosa
Physical Activity, Exercise, and Peak Bone Mass
Research Gaps
Implementation
Diet
Physical Activity
Taking Action
Families
Schools
Healthcare System
Federal, State, and Local Policy
Conclusions
References
28: Fracture Prevention Recommendations for  Long Term Care
Introduction
Prevalence of Falls and Fractures and Entrance into Long Term Care
Clinical Practice Guidelines
Calcium and Vitamin D in Long Term Care
Conclusion
References
29: Promotion of Bone-Friendly Nutrition
The Problem
The Means
Publications
Courses and Conferences
Internet
Practical Advices
The Costs
Public Health Authorities

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