Psychological Testing Principles Applications and Issues 9th edition by Robert Kaplan, Dennis Saccuzzo 1337098132 9781337098137

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ISBN-10 :  1337098132 

ISBN-13 : 9781337098137

Author:  Robert M. Kaplan, Dennis P. Saccuzzo 

PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: PRINCIPLES, APPLICATIONS, AND ISSUES, Ninth Edition explains the fundamentals of psychological testing, their important applications, and the controversies that emerge from those applications in clinical, education, industrial, and legal settings. Kaplan and Saccuzzo’s engaging and thorough text demonstrates how psychological tests are constructed and used, both in a professional setting and in everyday lives. Part I focuses on the core concepts that affect the evaluation of all tests. Part II discusses the major types of psychological tests, while Part III looks at present-day issues affecting testing such as stereotype threat, bias, laws, and ethics. A multitude of test profiles and sample items illustrate how psychological testing is used and reported. Real-life case studies demonstrate the uses and misuses of psychological testing, while “Technical Example” boxes help you understand complex statistical concepts.

Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues 9th Table of contents:

Chapter 1. Introduction
Basic Concepts
What a Test Is
Types of Tests
Overview of the Book
Principles of Psychological Testing
Applications of Psychological Testing
Issues of Psychological Testing
Historical Perspective
Early Antecedents
Charles Darwin and Individual Differences
Experimental Psychology and Psychophysical Measurement
The Evolution of Intelligence and Standardized Achievement Tests
Personality Tests: 1920–1940
The Emergence of New Approaches to Personality Testing
The Period of Rapid Changes in the Status of Testing
The Current Environment
Summary
Chapter 2. Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing
Why We Need Statistics
Scales of Measurement
Properties of Scales
Types of Scales
Permissible Operations
Frequency Distributions
Percentile Ranks
Percentiles
Describing Distributions
Mean
Standard Deviation
Z Score
Standard Normal Distribution
McCall’s T
Quartiles and Deciles
Norms
Age-Related Norms
Tracking
Criterion-Referenced Tests
Summary
Chapter 3. Correlation and Regression
The Scatter Diagram
Correlation
Regression
The Regression Line
The Best-Fitting Line
Testing the Statistical Significance of a Correlation Coefficient
How to Interpret a Regression Plot
Other Correlation Coefficients
Terms and Issues in the Use of Correlation
Residual
Standard Error of Estimate
Coefficient of Determination
Coefficient of Alienation
Shrinkage
Cross Validation
The Correlation-Causation Problem
Third Variable Explanation
Restricted Range
Multivariate Analysis (Optional)
General Approach
An Example Using Multiple Regression
Discriminant Analysis
Factor Analysis
Summary
Appendix 3.1. Calculation of a Regression Equation and a Correlation Coefficient
Chapter 4. Reliability
History and Theory of Reliability
Conceptualization of Error
Spearman’s Early Studies
Basics of Test Score Theory
The Domain Sampling Model
Item Response Theory
Models of Reliability
Sources of Error
Time Sampling: The Test–Retest Method
Item Sampling: Parallel Forms Method
Split-Half Method
KR 20 Formula
Coefficient Alpha
Reliability of a Difference Score
Reliability in Behavioral Observation Studies
Connecting Sources of Error with Reliability Assessment Method
Using Reliability Information
Standard Errors of Measurement and the Rubber Yardstick
How Reliable Is Reliable?
What to Do about Low Reliability
Summary
Appendix 4.1. Using Coefficient Alpha to Estimate Split-Half Reliability When the Variances for the Two Halves of the Test Are Unequal
Appendix 4.2. The Calculation of Reliability Using KR 20
Chapter 5. Validity
Defining Validity
Aspects of Validity
Face Validity
Content-Related Evidence for Validity
Criterion-Related Evidence for Validity
Construct-Related Evidence for Validity
Relationship between Reliability and Validity
Summary
Chapter 6. Writing and Evaluating Test Items
Item Writing
Item Formats
Guessing
Other Possibilities
Item Analysis
Item Difficulty
Discriminability
Pictures of Item Characteristics
Linking Uncommon Measures
Items for Criterion-Referenced Tests
Limitations of Item Analysis
Summary
Chapter 7. Test Administration
Why We Changed Our Minds
The Examiner and the Subject
The Relationship between Examiner and Test Taker
The Race of the Tester
Stereotype Threat
How Stereotype Threat Does Damage
Remedies for Stereotype Threat
Language of Test Taker
Training of Test Administrators
Expectancy Effects
Effects of Reinforcing Responses
Computer-Assisted Test Administration
Mode of Administration
Subject Variables
Summary
Chapter 8. Interviewing Techniques
The Interview as a Test
Reciprocal Nature of Interviewing
Principles of Effective Interviewing
The Proper Attitudes
Responses to Avoid
Effective Responses
Responses to Keep the Interaction Flowing
Measuring Understanding
Mental Status Examination
Developing Interviewing Skills
Sources of Error in the Interview
Interview Validity
Interview Reliability
Summary
Chapter 9. Theories of Intelligence and the Binet Scales
The Problem of Defining Intelligence
Binet’s Principles of Test Construction
Principle 1: Age Differentiation
Principle 2: General Mental Ability
Spearman’s Model of General Mental Ability
Implications of General Mental Intelligence (g)
The gf-gc Theory of Intelligence
The Early Binet Scales
The 1905 Binet-Simon Scale
The 1908 Scale
Terman’s Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
The 1916 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
The Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
The 1937 Scale
The 1960 Stanford-Binet Revision and Deviation IQ (SB-LM)
The Modern Binet Scale
Model for the Fourth and Fifth Editions of the Binet Scale
Characteristics of the 1986 Revision
Characteristics of the 2003 Fifth Edition
Psychometric Properties of the 2003 Fifth Edition
Median Validity
Summary
Chapter 10. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales: WAIS-IV, WISC-V, and WPPSI-IV
The Wechsler Intelligence Scales
Point and Performance Scale Concepts
From the Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale to the WAIS-IV
Scales, Subtests, and Indexes
A Closer Look at Subtests
From Raw Scores to Scaled and Index Scale Scores
Index Scores
FSIQs
Interpretive Features of the Wechsler Tests
Index Comparisons
Pattern Analysis
Hypothetical Case Studies
Psychometric Properties of the Wechsler Adult Scale
Standardization
Reliability
Validity
Evaluation of the Wechsler Adult Scales
Downward Extensions of the WAIS-IV: The WISC-V and the WPPSI-IV
The WISC-V
The WPPSI-IV
Summary
Chapter 11. Tests for Infants, Disabilities, and Special Populations
Alternative Individual Ability Tests Compared with the Binet and Wechsler Scales
Alternatives Compared with One Another
Early Tests
Infant Scales
Major Tests for Young Children
General Individual Ability Tests for Handicapped and Special Populations
Testing Learning Disabilities
Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA-3)
Visiographic Tests
Creativity: Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT)
Individual Achievement Tests: Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT-4)
Summary
Chapter 12. Standardized Tests in Education, Civil Service, and the Military
Comparison of Group and Individual Ability Tests
Advantages of Individual Tests
Advantages of Group Tests
Overview of Group Tests
Characteristics of Group Tests
Selecting Group Tests
Using Group Tests
Group Tests in the Schools: Kindergarten through 12th Grade
Achievement Tests versus Aptitude Tests
Group Achievement Tests
Group Tests of Mental Abilities (Intelligence)
College Entrance Tests
The New (2016) SAT
The American College Test
Graduate and Professional School Entrance Tests
Graduate Record Examination Aptitude Test
Miller Analogies Test
The Law School Admission Test
Nonverbal Group Ability Tests
Raven Progressive Matrices
Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (G-HDT)
The Culture Fair Intelligence Test
Standardized Tests Used in the U.S. Civil Service System
Standardized Tests in the U.S. Military: The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery
Summary
Chapter 13. Applications in Clinical and Counseling Settings
Strategies of Structured Personality Test Construction
Deductive Strategies
Empirical Strategies
Criteria Used in Selecting Tests for Discussion
The Logical-Content Strategy
Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
Early Multidimensional Logical-Content Scales
Mooney Problem Checklist
Criticisms of the Logical-Content Approach
The Criterion-Group Strategy
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
California Psychological Inventory (CPI)–Third Edition
The Factor Analytic Strategy
Guilford’s Pioneer Efforts
Cattell’s Contribution
Problems with the Factor Analytic Strategy
The Theoretical Strategy
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)
Personality Research Form, Third Edition (PRF-III) and Jackson Personality Inventory Revised (JPI-R)
Self-Concept
Combination Strategies
Positive Personality Measurement and the NEO Personality Inventory–Three (NEO-PI-3)
The NEO Personality Inventory–Three (NEO PI-R™)
Frequently Used Measures of Positive Personality Traits
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
Ego Resiliency Scale Revised
Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS)
Hope Scale
Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R)
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Coping Intervention for Stressful Situations (CISS)
Core Self-Evaluations
Future of Positive Personality Research
Summary
Chapter 14. Projective Personality Tests
The Projective Hypothesis
The Rorschach Inkblot Test
Historical Antecedents
Stimuli, Administration, and Interpretation
Psychometric Properties
An Alternative Inkblot Test: The Holtzman
The Thematic Apperception Test
Stimuli, Administration, and Interpretation
Psychometric Properties
Alternative Apperception Procedures
Nonpictorial Projective Procedures
Word Association Test
Sentence Completion Tasks
Figure Drawing Tests
Summary
Chapter 15. Computers and Basic Psychological Science in Testing
Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment Procedures versus the Medical Model of Assessment
The Rationale for Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment
Early Procedures Based on Operant Conditioning
Self-Report Techniques
The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale
Irrational Beliefs Test
Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI)
Cognitive Functional Analysis
Psychophysiological Procedures
Physiological Variables with Treatment Implications
Evaluation of Psychophysiological Techniques
Computers and Psychological Testing
Computer-Assisted Interview
Computer-Administered Tests
Computer Diagnosis, Scoring, and Reporting of Results
Internet Usage for Psychological Testing
The Computerization of Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment
Tests Possible Only by Computer
Computer-Adaptive Testing
Summary
Chapter 16. Testing in Counseling Psychology
Measuring Interests
The Strong Vocational Interest Blank
The Evolution of the Strong Measures
The Campbell Interest and Skill Survey
The Reemergence of the Strong Interest Inventory
The Kuder Occupational Interest Survey
The Career Assessment Inventory
The Self-Directed Search
Eliminating Gender Bias in Interest Measurement
Aptitudes and Interests
Measuring Personal Characteristics for Job Placement
Are There Stable Personality Traits?
Other Uses of Interest Matching Methods: The Case of Internet Dating
Summary
Chapter 17. Testing in Health Psychology and Health Care
Neuropsychological Assessment
Clinical Neuropsychology
Developmental Neuropsychology
Adult Neuropsychology
California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)
Automated Neuropsychological Testing
Anxiety and Stress Assessment
Stress and Anxiety
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Measures of Coping
Ecological Momentary Assessment
Depression
NIH Toolbox
Quality-of-Life Assessment
What Is Health-Related Quality of Life?
Common Methods for Measuring Quality of Life
mHealth and New Mobile Technologies
The 2015 Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT)
Summary
Chapter 18. Testing in Industrial and Business Settings
Personnel Psychology—The Selection of Employees
Employment Interview
Base Rates and Hit Rates
Taylor-Russell Tables
Utility Theory and Decision Analysis
Value-Added Employee Assessments
Incremental Validity
Personnel Psychology From the Employee’s Perspective: Fitting People to Jobs
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Tests for Use in Industry: Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT)
Measuring Characteristics of the Work Setting
Classifying Environments
Job Analysis
Measuring the Person–Situation Interaction
Summary
Chapter 19. Test Bias
Why Is Test Bias Controversial?
The Traditional Defense of Testing
Content-Related Evidence for Validity
Criterion-Related Sources of Bias
Other Approaches to Testing Minority Group Members
Ignorance Versus Stupidity
Suggestions for Solutions
Ethical Concerns and the Definition of Test Bias
Thinking Differently: Finding New Interpretations of Data
Developing Different Criteria
When Tests Harm
Does It Matter? More Testing and Less Testing
Changing the Social Environment
Summary
Chapter 20. Testing and the Law
Laws Governing the Use of Tests
Federal Authorities
Specific Laws
Federal Initiatives in Education
The Common Core
Major Lawsuits That Have Affected Psychological Testing
Early Desegregation Cases
Personnel Cases
Cases Relevant to the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
A Critical Look at Lawsuits
Summary
Chapter 21. The Future of Psychological Testing
Issues Shaping the Field of Testing
Professional Issues
Moral Issues
Social Issues
Current Trends
The Proliferation of New Tests
Higher Standards, Improved Technology, and Increasing Objectivity
Greater Public Awareness and Influence
The Computerization of Tests
Testing on the Internet
Future Trends
Future Prospects for Testing Are as Promising as Ever Before
Controversy, Disagreement, and Change Will Continue
The Integration of Cognitive Science and Computer Science Will Lead to Several Innovations in Testing

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