Sludge management 1st Edition by Bhola Gurjar, Vinay Kumar Tyagi 1315349787 9781315349787

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ISBN-10 :  1315349787 

ISBN-13 : 9781315349787

Author:  Bhola R. Gurjar, Vinay Kumar Tyagi 

Sludge Management provides up-to-date information on sludge treatment, reuse and disposal. A comprehensive coverage of all issues related to sludge management is included with local through global coverage of all sludge management practices. Conventional to advanced technologies for sludge management with available case studies from both developing and developed countries are covered in this book. Given the responsibility of engineers to develop the technological tools to meet the increasingly stricter standards for sludge treatment and disposal, the main attraction of the book principally relies on its technical content that reviews all the points to be considered in sludge management from engineering and technological perspectives. Sludge Management can be used for planning, designing, and implementing waste sludge management projects. Moreover, this book can be used as a standard textbook in Universities for Master and Doctoral students. Also, academics, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers working in the field of sludge management would find the book very informative and a source of interesting case studies.

Sludge management 1st Table of contents:

1 Sludge: An overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Sources of sludge
1.2.1 Water treatment plants
1.2.2 Sewage treatment plants
1.2.3 Industrial effluent treatment plants
1.3 Sludge categorisation
1.3.1 Primary sludge
1.3.2 Chemical sludge
1.3.3 Biofilter sludge
1.3.4 Activated sludge
1.3.5 Aerobically digested sludge
1.3.6 Anaerobically digested sludge
1.3.7 Septage
1.3.8 Industrial sludge
1.4 Sludge characteristics
1.4.1 Physical characteristics
1.4.2 Chemical characteristics
1.4.3 Biological characteristics
1.5 Sludge characterisation parameters
1.5.1 Specific Resistance to Filtration (SRF)
1.5.2 Compressibility coefficient
1.5.3 Viability of sludge
1.5.4 Stability of sludge
1.5.5 Sludge Volume Index (SVI)
1.5.6 Sludge Volume Ratio (SVR)
1.5.7 Other parameters
1.6 Moisture content of sludge
1.6.1 Sludge moisture hypothesis
1.6.2 Moisture distribution
1.6.3 Moisture effects on sludge drying
1.6.4 Additional remarks
1.7 Sludge generation
1.7.1 Sedimentation sludge
1.7.2 Chemical coagulation sludge
1.7.3 Biofiltration sludge
1.7.4 Activated sludge
1.7.5 Municipal waterworks sludge
2 Pumping of sludge
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sludge-flow characteristics
2.3 Sludge piping
2.4 Sludge head-loss
2.5 Power requirement
2.6 Sludge pumps
2.6.1 Plunger pump
2.6.2 Centrifugal pumps
2.6.3 Torque flow
2.6.4 Progressing cavity
2.7 Pumps for different types of sludge
2.7.1 Primary sludge pumps
2.7.2 Chemical sludge pumps
2.7.3 Secondary sludge pumps
2.7.4 Sludge recirculation and transfer pumps
2.7.5 Bio-filter sludge pumps
2.7.6 Activated sludge pumps
2.7.7 Digested sludge pumps
2.7.8 Elutriation sludge pumps
2.7.9 Thickened and concentrated sludge pumps
2.7.10 Pumping of scum
2.8 Controls
3 Treatment of sludge
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Definitions
3.3 Methods of sludge treatment
3.4 Flow-sheets of sludge treatment
3.5 Preliminary treatments
3.5.1 Grinding of sludge
3.5.2 De-gritting of sludge
3.5.3 Blending of sludge
3.5.4 Storage of sludge
4 Thickening of sludge
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operational principles
4.2.1 Gravitation
4.2.2 Flotation
4.2.3 Centrifugation
4.2.4 Gravity belt thickening
4.2.5 Rotary drum thickening
4.3 Descriptions
4.3.1 Gravity thickening
4.3.2 Flotation thickening
4.3.3 Centrifugal thickening
4.3.4 Gravity belt thickening
4.3.5 Rotary drum thickening
4.3.6 Miscellaneous thickening
4.3.7 Emerging technologies
4.4 Sludge-thickening at small plants
4.5 Benefits of sludge thickening
5 Sludge conditioning
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chemical conditioning
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Chemicals dosage
5.2.3 Sludge mixing and coagulant
5.2.4 Recent advancements
5.3 Thermal conditioning
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Zimpro type (low-oxidation) thermal conditioning process
5.3.3 Porteous type (non-oxidative) thermal conditioning process
5.3.4 Relative merits and demerits
5.4 Freeze-thaw conditioning
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Process mechanism
5.4.3 Hypothetical model
5.4.4 Process control calculations
5.5 Conditioning process optimisation
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Sludge conditioning controller
5.5.3 Operational tools
5.5.4 Application of sludge conditioning controller
5.5.5 Process merits
5.6 Factors affecting sludge conditioning
5.6.1 Source of origin
5.6.2 Concentration of solids
5.6.3 Particle size distribution
5.6.4 pH and alkalinity
5.6.5 Surface charge and degree of hydration
5.6.6 Physical factors
6 Sludge dewatering
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Controlling factors
6.3 Natural methods
6.3.1 Sludge drying beds
6.3.2 Sludge drying lagoons
6.4 Mechanical methods
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Vacuum filters
6.4.3 Pressure filter press
6.4.4 Centrifugal dewatering
6.4.5 Filter presses and centrifuges: Relative merits
6.4.6 Recent advancements
6.5 Sludge dewatering at small plants
6.5.1 Introduction
6.5.2 Mobile dewatering systems
7 Biological stabilisation of sludge
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Sludge digestion
7.2.1 Objective of sludge digestion
7.2.2 Sludge digestion: An aid for dewaterability
7.3 Anaerobic digestion process
7.3.1 Introduction
7.3.2 Process mechanism
7.3.3 Process microbiology
7.3.4 Process kinetics
7.3.5 Process controlling factors
7.3.6 Process description
7.3.7 Process control
7.3.8 Merits and demerits
7.3.9 Operational issues
7.4 Aerobic digestion process
7.4.1 Introduction
7.4.2 Mechanism
7.4.3 Process kinetics
7.4.4 Process controlling factors
7.4.5 Process description
7.4.6 Merits and demerits
7.4.7 Operational issues
7.5 Process advancements
7.5.1 Airlift autothermal biodigester
7.5.2 Mesophilic aerobic digestion
7.5.3 Anoxic digestion
7.5.4 Dual digestion
7.5.5 Biological denitrification
7.5.6 Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD)
7.6 Sludge composting
7.6.1 Fundamentals of composting
7.6.2 Process description
7.6.3 Process influencing parameters
7.6.4 Operational consideration
7.6.5 Co-composting options
7.6.6 Refinery sludge composting
8 Non-biological sludge stabilisation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Thermal treatment
8.3 Alkaline stabilisation
8.3.1 Design criteria
8.3.2 Performance
8.3.3 Process variants
8.3.4 Operation and maintenance
8.3.5 Treatment cost
8.3.6 Advantages and disadvantages
8.4 Chlorine oxidation process
8.5 Advancement in physico-chemical methods
8.5.1 Chemical fixation
8.5.2 Cementitious stabilisation
9 Sludge stabilisation at small works
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Governing factors
9.3 Process types
9.3.1 Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (TAD)
9.3.2 Low-temperature aerobic digestion
9.3.3 Sludge treatment wetlands
10 Sludge minimisation technologies
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Treatment in wastewater line
10.2.1 Biological lysis-cryptic growth
10.2.2 Maintenance and endogenous metabolism
10.2.3 Metabolic uncoupling
10.2.4 Predation on bacteria
10.2.5 Anaerobic treatment of sewage (ANANOX process)
10.2.6 Comparative evaluation of merits and demerits of treatment in wastewater line processes
10.3 Process in the sludge line
10.3.1 Chemical pretreatment techniques
10.3.2 Thermal treatment
10.3.3 Mechanical
10.3.4 Combined pretreatment techniques
10.3.5 Comparative evaluation of merits and demerits of treatment in sludge line processes
11 Sludge disinfection and thermal drying processes
11.1 Disinfection of sludge
11.1.1 Introduction
11.1.2 Sludge pasteurisation
11.1.3 Sludge storage
11.2 Thermal drying of sludge
11.2.1 Introduction
11.2.2 Process theory
11.2.3 Process mechanisms
11.2.4 Thermal dryers
11.2.5 Mechanical dryers
11.2.6 Thermal-drying alternatives
11.2.7 Design considerations
12 Thermal treatment and sludge disposal
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Process types
12.2.1 Incineration
12.2.2 Incomplete combustion
12.2.3 Pyrolysis
12.3 Thermal processes
12.3.1 Multiple hearth incineration process
12.3.2 Fluidised bed incineration process
12.3.3 Rotary kiln incineration process
12.3.4 Flash combustion process
12.3.5 Co-incineration process
12.3.6 Wet-air oxidation process
12.3.7 Co-pyrolysis process
12.4 Process advancements
12.4.1 Melting treatment of sewage-sludge
12.4.2 Sustained Shockwave Plasma (SSP) destruction method
12.4.3 Gasification
12.4.4 Sludge-ash solidification
12.4.5 Important patents
12.4.6 Advancements in sludge utilisation
13 Sludge disposal methods, problems and solutions
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Sludge disposal problems and solutions
13.2.1 Land disposal
13.2.2 Air disposal
13.2.3 Water disposal
13.3 Relevant case studies
13.3.1 Canberra’s sewage treatment plant (Australia)
13.3.2 Oily sludge farming (India)
13.3.3 Coffs harbour: A sensitive ocean environment (Australia)
13.3.4 Sustainable sludge management at a large Canadian wastewater treatment facility
13.4 Summary
14 Energy and resource recovery from sludge
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Characteristics of sludge
14.3 Construction material
14.4 Nutrients
14.5 Heavy metals
14.6 Biofuels
14.6.1 Biogas
14.6.2 Syngas
14.6.3 Hydrogen
14.6.4 Bio-oil
14.6.5 Bio-diesel
14.6.6 Bio-methanol
14.7 Electricity
14.8 Protein and enzymes
14.9 Beneficial reuse of sludge across the globe
14.10 Techno-economic and social feasibility
14.11 Summary

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