Smart biomaterial devices polymers in biomedical sciences 1st Edition by AK Bajpai, Jaya Bajpai, Rajesh Kumar Saini, Priyanka Agrawal, Atul Tiwari 1315354323 9781315354323

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ISBN 10:  1315354323 

ISBN 13: 9781315354323

Author: A.K. Bajpai, Jaya Bajpai, Rajesh Kumar Saini, Priyanka Agrawal, Atul Tiwari 

Polymers have emerged as one of the most innovative classes of materials in modern materials science, leading to new applications in medicine and pharmacy. This book offers a convincing and understandable approach to polymer biomaterial devices being used in various areas related to biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The polymer materials finding application as biomaterials are discussed and described in detail pertaining to the areas of artificial implants, orthopedics, ocular devices, dental implants, drug delivery systems, burns and wounds.

 

Smart biomaterial devices polymers in biomedical sciences 1st table of contents: 

1. Smart Biomaterials in Biomedical Applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scaffold Requirements
1.3 Types of Smart Polymeric Materials
1.3.1 Classification on the Basis of Physical Form
1.3.2 Classification on the Basis of External Stimulus
1.3.3 Advance Functional Nanocarriers
1.4 Biomedical Applications of Smart Polymeric Materials
1.4.1 Dental Applications
1.4.2 Orthopedic Applications
1.4.3 Drug Delivery Applications
1.4.4 Wound Dressing Applications
1.4.5 Tissue Engineering Applications
1.4.6 Ocular Applications
1.4.7 Cardiovascular Applications
1.5 Future Challenges and Prospects
References
2. Polymers in Dental Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Physical and Mechanical Requirements for Medical Device Materials
2.2.1 Physical Properties
2.2.2 Mechanical Properties
2.2.3 Esthetic Properties
2.2.4 Chemical Stability
2.2.5 Rheometric Properties
2.2.6 Thermal Properties
2.2.7 Biocompatibility
2.3 Dental Implants
2.3.1 Osseointegrated Implant
2.3.2 Mini-Implants for Orthodontic Anchorage
2.3.3 Zygomatic Implants
2.3.4 Transosseous Implant
2.3.5 Endodontic Implants
2.4 Benefits of Dental Implants
2.5 Disadvantages of Dental Implants
2.6 Denture Materials
2.6.1 Ceramics in Dentistry
2.6.2 Metals
2.6.3 Polymeric Materials
2.6.3.1 Polymethyl Methacrylate
2.6.3.2 Poly(Ortho Esters)
2.6.3.3 Dental Restorative Composites
2.6.3.4 Polyethyl Methacrylate (PEMA) and Polybutyl Methacrylate (PBMA)
2.6.3.5 Future Polymers
2.7 Complications in Implant Dentistry
2.8 Conclusions
References
3. Polymers in Orthopedic Devices
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials Used in Orthopedic Applications
3.2.1 Metals
3.2.1.1 Essential Considerations in Design of Metallic Biomaterials
3.2.1.2 Stainless Steels
3.2.1.3 Cobalt-Based Alloys
3.2.1.4 Titanium Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants
3.2.1.5 Stainless Steels, Cobalt, and Titanium Alloys in Total Joint Replacement
3.2.2 Ceramics
3.2.3 Polymer Composites Materials
3.2.3.1 Fiber-Reinforced Composites (FRC)
3.2.3.2 Filler-Reinforced Composites
3.2.4 Polymers
3.2.4.1 Polyesters
3.2.4.2 Polymethyl Methacrylate
3.2.4.3 Poly(ethyleneglycol)
3.2.4.4 Polyphosphazenes
3.2.4.5 Natural Polymers
3.3 Advance Biomaterials
3.4 Material Property Requirements for Bone Replacement
References
4. Smart Biomaterials in Drug Delivery Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Carrier Materials Used for DDS
4.3 Polymer-Based Nanocarrier Systems
4.3.1 Novel Use of Natural Polymers in Drug Delivery
4.3.2 Amphiphilically Modified Chitosan
4.3.3 Cyclodextrins (CDs)
4.3.4 Aerogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.5 Hydrogel-, Microgel-, and Nanogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.6 Polymer Micelles-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.7 Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.8 Guar Gum-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.9 Niosomes-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.9.1 Advantages of Niosomes
4.3.10 Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.11 Carbon-Based Materials (Graphene) in Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.12 Core–Shell Nanoparticles-Based Drug Delivery Systems
4.3.12.1 Core–Shell Nanogels
4.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
5. Wound-Dressing Implants
5.1 Wounds
5.2 Types of Wound
5.2.1 Necrotic Wounds
5.2.2 Sloughing Wounds
5.2.3 Granulating Wounds
5.2.4 Epithelializing Wounds
5.3 Wound Healing
5.4 Phases of Wound Healing
5.4.1 Hemostasis
5.4.2 Inflammation
5.4.3 Migration
5.4.4 Proliferation
5.4.5 Maturation
5.5 Role of Oxygen in Wound Healing
5.6 Requirement for Wound Healing
5.7 Wound Dressing
5.7.1 Reasons for Applying a Dressing
5.7.2 Properties of the “Ideal” Wound Dressing
5.7.3 Types of Dressing
5.7.3.1 On the Basis of Nature
5.7.3.2 According to Their Ability to Adhere to a Wound
5.7.3.3 According to Their Ability to Permit the Passage of Exudates and Vapor
5.7.3.4 Modern Dressings
5.8 Physical Characterization of Wound Dressings
5.9 Natural Polymers in Wound Dressings
5.9.1 Chitosan
5.9.2 Alginates
5.9.3 Gelatin
5.9.4 Carboxymethylcellulose
5.9.5 Sterculia Gum
5.10 Synthetic Polymers as Wound Dressings
5.10.1 Polyurethane
5.10.2 Silicones
5.10.3 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone
5.10.4 Polyvinyl Alcohol
5.11 Polymer Blends as Wound-Dressing Materials
5.12 Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes
References
6. Smart Biomaterials in Tissue-Engineering Applications
6.1 Basic Principles
6.2 Foundations of Tissue Engineering
6.2.1 Stem Cells
6.2.1.1 Classification and Nomenclature of Stem Cells
6.2.2 Scaffolds
6.2.2.1 Prerequisites of Scaffolds
6.2.2.2 Heart Valve Tissue-Engineered Scaffold Requirements
6.2.2.3 Bone Tissue-Engineered Scaffold Requirements
6.2.2.4 Scaffolds Essential Properties
6.2.3 Cell Signaling
6.2.3.1 Strategies for Biomaterial Presentation of Growth Factors
6.3 Natural Materials in Tissue Engineering
6.3.1 Polymeric and Natural Biomaterial
6.3.1.1 Collagen
6.3.1.2 Albumin
6.3.1.3 Fibronectin and Fibrin
6.3.1.4 Silk and Spider Silk
6.3.1.5 Self-Assembled Peptides (SAPs)-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
6.3.1.6 Hyaluronic Acid and Its Derivatives
6.3.1.7 Agarose
6.3.1.8 Alginate
6.3.1.9 Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan
6.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
7 Ocular Implants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Need for Eye Removal: Etiology and Surgery
7.3 Ocular Implants
7.3.1 Orbital Implants
7.3.1.1 Nonintegrated Implants
7.3.1.2 Quasi-Integrated Implants
7.3.1.3 Porous Implants
7.3.1.4 Porous Quasi-Integrated Implants
7.3.1.5 Complications in Orbital Implants Replacement
7.3.2 Intraocular Lenses
7.3.3 Contact Lenses
7.3.4 Ocular Drug Delivery
7.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
8. Polymers in Cardiovascular Implants
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Blood–Biomaterial Interfacial Interaction Mechanism and Biocompatibility of Cardiovascular Biomaterials
8.3 Cardiovascular Biomaterials
8.4 Classification of Cardiovascular Biomaterials
8.4.1 Hydrogel-Based Cardiovascular Biomaterials
8.4.2 Silk-Based Cardiovascular Biomaterials
8.4.3 Polymers Used in Soft-Tissue Engineering
8.4.3.1 Naturally Occurring Polymers
8.4.3.2 Synthetic Polymers
8.4.4 Metals and Alloys
8.5 Surface Modification of Cardiovascular Biomaterials
8.6 Biofunctionalization of Cardiovascular Biomaterials
8.7 Current Challenges for Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Medical Devices
References
9. Market Scenario of Biomaterial-Based Devices
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Biomaterials Market
9.2.1 Orthopedic Biomaterials Worldwide Market
9.2.1.1 Orthopedic Biomaterials Market Growth in the United States
9.2.2 Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Global Market Development
9.2.3 The Global Wound Management Market
9.2.3.1 Bioactive Agents in Wound Sealing and Closure
9.2.4 The Global Dental Market
9.2.5 The Cardiovascular Market
9.2.5.1 Asia Driving Diagnostic Cardiology Device Market
9.2.5.2 Key Players in the Cardiovascular Medical Device Industry
9.3 Global Ophthalmology Devices Market
9.4 Global Regenerative Medicines Market
9.5 Conclusions

 

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Tags: Smart biomaterial, devices polymers, biomedical sciences, Bajpai, Jaya Bajpai, Rajesh Kumar Saini, Priyanka Agrawal, Atul Tiwari