The Quality of Air 1st Edition by Miguel De La Guardia, Sergio Armenta 0444636056 9780444636058

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ISBN-10 :  0444636056 

ISBN-13 :  9780444636058

Author:  Miguel De La Guardia, Sergio Armenta 

The Quality of Air discusses the topic from both the environmental and human health points-of-view. As today’s policymakers, academic, government, industrial researchers, and the general public are all concerned about air pollution in both indoor and outdoor scenarios, this book presents the advances in the analytical tools available for air quality control within social, political, and legal frameworks.

The Quality of Air 1st Table of contents:

Section I: Atmospheric Air Framework
Chapter 1. Physicochemistry of the Atmosphere
1. Earth’s Atmosphere
2. Physical Processes
3. Chemical Processes
4. Climate–Chemistry Interactions
5. Dynamics and Long-range Transportation
6. Biosphere, Geosphere and Hydrosphere Interactions
Chapter 2. Pollutants and Air Pollution
1. Air Pollution: Chemicals in Motion
2. Primary and Secondary Pollutants
3. ‘Criteria’ Air Pollutants
4. Hazardous Air Pollutants
5. Biological Pollutants
6. Emerging Pollutants
Chapter 3. Indoor Air Pollution
1. Classification of Indoor Air Pollutants
2. Strategies for Sampling of Indoor Air Pollutants
3. Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Indoor Air Pollutants
4. Assessment of Indoor Air Quality
5. Terpene Oxidation Indoors
6. Assessment of Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter
7. Collaborative Research Projects on Indoor Air Quality
8. State-of-the-Art of Regulation for Indoor Air Quality
Chapter 4. Outdoor Air Pollution
1. Introduction
2. The Environmental Cycling of Atmospheric Pollutants
3. Outdoor Air Quality Impacts
4. Outdoor Air Pollutants
Chapter 5. Theoretical Predictive Air Quality Models
1. Introduction
2. Air Quality Models Features
3. Deterministic Versus Statistical Models
4. Structure of Air Quality Models
5. Deterministic Air Quality Models
6. Ensembles of Air Quality Predictions
7. Conclusions
Chapter 6. Lichens as Biomonitors of Heavy-Metal Pollution
1. Introduction
2. Lichens as Biomonitors of Air Pollution
3. Experimental Procedures Employed in the Analysis of Lichens for the Determination of Inorganic Pollutants
4. Comparison Among the Different Methodologies
5. Conclusions
Section II: Analysis of Air
Chapter 7. Analytical Process
1. The Problems of Air Quality Analysis
2. Sampling Air: Particulate Matter
3. Transport and Preservation of Samples
4. Analytical Techniques
5. Remote Sensing of Surface Air
6. Direct Analysis of Air Composition
7. Air Analysis in the Frame of Green Analytical Chemistry
Chapter 8. Active Sampling of Air
1. Introduction
2. Containers with Defined Volume for Air Sampling
3. Enrichment and/or Preconcentration Techniques for Dynamic/Active Analyte Sampling from Gaseous Medium
4. Denudation Technique as a Specific Instrumental Solution in the Field of Dynamic/Active Isolation and Preconcentration Techniques
5. Portable and Hand-Held Devices Applied for Air Quality Monitoring as an Example of Advanced Devices in the Field of Active Air Sampling Techniques
6. Air Quality Monitoring Stations as an Example of Online Stationary Active Sampling Devices
7. Summary
Chapter 9. Passive Air Sampling
1. Introduction to Passive Air Sampling
2. Compounds Sampled
3. Sampler Designs
4. Analytical Procedures for Sample Processing
5. Calibration Models
6. Planning a Monitoring Campaign
7. Final Remarks
Chapter 10. Sample Preservation and Measurement Techniques for the Determination of Air Quality
1. Sources of Environmental Air Samples and Types of Contaminants
2. Sampling Procedures
3. Some Sampling Approaches for Specific Case Scenarios
4. Sample Preservation
5. Fit-for-Purpose Methods
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter 11. Application of Chemical Sensors and Sensor Matrixes to Air Quality Evaluation
List of Subjects and Sub-subjects
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Chemical Sensors
3. Characteristics of Metrological Parameters of Chemical Sensor
4. Characteristics of Chemical Sensors Utilised for Air Quality Control
5. Design of Chemical Sensors Utilised for Control of Air Quality
6. Commercially Available Chemical Sensors for Air Quality Measurement
7. Sensor Matrixes for Air Quality Measurement
8. Summary
Chapter 12. Spectroscopic Measurement of Pollutant Gases
1. Introduction
2. Measurement Considerations
3. Spectroscopy Overview
4. Absorption Spectroscopy
5. Emission Methods
6. Summary and Outlook
Chapter 13. Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds Determination in Air
1. Introduction
2. Monitoring Methodologies of VOCs
3. Monitoring Methodologies of SVOCs
Chapter 14. Particulate Material Analysis in Air
1. Introduction
2. General Characteristics of Suspended Particles
3. Air Quality Regulation Guidelines for Particulate Matter (EU, EPA, WHO)
4. Measurement Methods/Techniques for Particulate Matter
5. Other Methods Used in Analysis of Particulate Matter
6. Conclusions
Chapter 15. Ultrafine Particles Pollution and Measurements
1. Introduction
2. Sources of Ultrafine Particles
3. Measurements of Ultrafine Particles
4. Calibration Methods
5. Measurement Metrics
6. Ultrafine Particle Pollution in Urban Environments
7. Summary, Conclusions and Future Outlook
Chapter 16. Bioaerosol Monitoring of the Atmosphere for Occupational and Environmental Purposes
1. Background
2. Real-Time Analysis of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles
3. Applications of Real-Time Flow-Cytometry to Outdoor and Indoor Air Analysis of Bioaerosols
4. Impacts on Environmental and Occupational Monitoring of Airborne PBAP
5. An Overview of Bioaerosol Concentration Levels Measured in Air
6. Future Prospects
Glossary of Acronyms
Section III: Real Scenarios
Chapter 17. Pesticides and Agricultural Air Quality
1. Introduction
2. Emissions and Behaviour of Pesticides in the Atmosphere
3. Sampling and Analysis of Pesticides in Ambient Air
4. Occurrence of Pesticides in Ambient Air
5. Exposure and Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Ambient Air
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter 18. Air Quality Downwind of Burned Areas
1. Introduction
2. Sources and Quantities of Emissions
3. The Nature of the Emissions
4. Transport, Dispersion and Transformation of Compounds and Particles
5. Effects of Transported Plumes on Ground-Level Air Quality
6. Remote Sensing of Emissions
7. Summary
Chapter 19. Air Quality in European Cities
1. Introduction
2. Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants in Urban Environments
3. New Measuring Technics Developments and Emerging Issues
4. Sources (Primary, Secondary, Long-Range Transport)
5. Sources of Air Pollution of Increasing Importance: Wood Burning
6. Seasonality and Interranual Trends of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants
7. Levels
8. The City of Tomorrow: Predictions (Emissions/Mitigations), Green Cities (Low Emission Zones)
Chapter 20. Home Air Quality
1. Generality of Indoor Air Quality
2. Origin of Indoor Air Pollution
Chapter 21. Air Quality and the Petroleum Industry
1. Introduction
2. Sustainable Air Quality and the Petroleum Industry
3. Impact of the Petroleum Industry on Air Quality
4. Control and Management of Air Pollution in the Petroleum Industry
5. Perspectives and Concluding Remarks
Chapter 22. Pharmaceutical Industries Air Quality
1. Introduction
2. Occupational Exposure in Pharmaceutical Industries: An Overview
3. Environmental Monitoring, Sample Methods and Analysis
4. Risk Assessment: Suggestions and Issues
5. Main Health Effects
Chapter 23. Print and Related Industry Air Quality
1. Printing Industry as Polluter
2. Photocopying as Polluter
3. Future Trends and Challenges in the Field of Printing
Chapter 24. Pesticide Industries Air Quality
1. Pesticide Industry Air Quality
2. Occupational Exposure
3. Organic Compounds Exposure
4. Sampling, Sample Treatment and Determinations in Ambient Air of Phytosanitary Plants
5. Personal Protective Equipment
6. Challenges and Proposals for the Pesticide Industry
Chapter 25. Cement Manufacturing and Air Quality
1. Introduction
2. Environmental Significance of Cement Production
3. Occupational Exposure and Potential Risks to Human Health
Chapter 26. Ceramic Industry Air Quality. Emissions Into the Atmosphere From Ceramic Tile Processes
1. Introduction
2. Emissions Into the Atmosphere From Ceramic Processes and Plants
3. The Characterisation of Emissions Into the Atmosphere
4. Evolution of the Emissions into the Atmosphere From Ceramic Tile Industries in Italy
5. Conclusions
List of Acronyms
Chapter 27. Air Quality in Metal Industries: Exhaled Breath Condensate, a Tool for Noninvasive Evaluation of Air Pollution Exposure
1. Introduction
2. A Case Study: Using EBC to Assess Exposure in Workers of the Lead Industry
3. Advantages and Limitations of the Method
4. Future Perspectives
Chapter 28. Air Quality Management in Electronic Industries
1. Overview of Electronic Industries
2. Processes that Contribute to Air Emissions
3. Type of Chemicals and Health Effects
4. Measurement and Analytical Techniques
5. Environmental Regulations Related to Electronic Industries
6. Technology Used to Control Air Emissions
7. Conclusion
8. Recommendations to Improve Air Quality in Electronic Industry
Chapter 29. Air Quality of Textile and Related Industries
1. Relevance of Assessing Chemical Exposure in Textile and Related Industries
2. Operations and Chemical Products Involved in Textile and Shoemaking Industries
3. Sampling and Analytical Methodologies for Air Quality Monitoring
4. Characterisation of Exposure to Substances in Textile and Shoemaking Industries
5. Trends and Changes in the Formulation of Industrial Products to Reduce Health Risks Due to Exposure to Chemicals
6. Working Practices Influencing Air Quality
Chapter 30. Exposure to Softwood Dust in the Wood Industry
1. Introduction
2. Exposures in Sawmills
3. Exposure in Furniture Factories and Joinery Shops
4. Exposure at Production of Wood Pellets
5. Wood Dust Exposure in Other Industries
6. Variation in Exposure
7. Other Exposures in the Softwood Industry
8. Concluding Remarks
Chapter 31. Improving the Sustainability of Office Partition Manufacturing: A Case Study
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Processes in Office Partition Manufacturing and VOC Emissions
4. Determination of Base VOC Emissions for Office Partition Manufacturing
5. Measures to Reduce VOC Emissions
6. Methodology for Assessing and Balancing Measures
7. Ranked Pollution Prevention Measures
8. Discussion of Pollution Prevention Measures Relative to Evaluation Criteria
9. General Discussion
10. Detailed Feasibility Analysis
11. Measurement and Control
12. Benefits
13. Conclusions
Chapter 32. Indoor Air Quality in Chemical Laboratories
1. Pertinent Pollutants, Sources and Health Effects
2. Factors That Determine the Concentrations of Indoor Air Pollutants in Laboratories
3. Indoor Environmental Comfort
4. Review of the Literature on Laboratory Indoor Air Quality
5. Indoor Environmental Quality Management
Section IV: Legal Framework and Future Perspectives
Chapter 33. Damage Costs of Air Pollution and Policy Implications
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Assumptions and Models
4. Results for Electricity Production
5. Waste Treatment and Energy Recovery
6. Conclusions
Glossary
Chapter 34. The Challenges of Air Protection and Control
1. The Quality of Air in a Sustainable World
2. REACH Scenarios of Air Contamination
3. Making Decisions From Air Quality Control
4. Indoor and Outdoor Control of Air
5. Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges
6. Future Trends in Air Control

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