Thermophilic fungi basic concepts and biotechnological applications 1st Edition by Raj Kumar Salar 1351118163 9781351118163

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ISBN-10 :  1351118163 

ISBN-13 :  9781351118163

Author:  Raj Kumar Salar 

This book aims to fill the gap by documenting thermophilic fungi discovered over the past five decades. The chapters spans from covering basic aspects, taxonomy and classification including molecular phyologeny and biotechnological applications of thermophilic fungi.

Thermophilic fungi : basic concepts and biotechnological applications 1st Table of contents:

Part IBasic Concepts
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of Thermophilic Fungi
1.2 Defining Thermophily
1.3 Historical Background
1.4 Habitat Relationships
1.5 Isolation and Culture of Thermophilic Fungi
1.5.1 Isolation Techniques
1.5.1.1 Dilution Plate Technique (Apinis, 1963b)
1.5.1.2 Warcup’s Soil Plate Method (Warcup, 1950)
1.5.1.3 Humidified Chamber Technique (Buxton and Mellanby, 1964)
1.5.1.4 Paired Petri Plate Technique (Cooney and Emerson, 1964)
1.5.1.5 Waksman’s Direct Inoculation Method (Waksman et al., 1939)
1.5.1.6 Isolation from Air
1.5.2 Culture Media for Isolation of Thermophilic Fungi
1.6 Biotechnological Significance
References
Chapter 2 Origin of Thermophily in Fungi
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Origin and Ecological Relationships
2.3 Fungal Adaptations to Thermophily
2.4 Hypothesis to Explain Thermophilism in Fungi
2.4.1 Protein Thermostability and Stabilization
2.4.1.1 Structure-Based
2.4.1.2 Sequence-Based
2.4.2 Heat Shock Proteins
2.4.3 Proteome and Genome as Determinants of Thermophilic Adaptation
2.4.4 Reduction in Genome Size
2.4.5 Thermotolerance Genes
2.4.6 Rapid Turnover of Essential Metabolites
2.4.7 Macromolecular Thermostability
2.4.8 Ultrastructural Thermostability and Pigmentation
2.4.9 Lipid Solubilization
2.5 Acquired Thermotolerance
2.6 Homeoviscous Versus Homeophasic Adaptations
References
Chapter 3 Physiology of Thermophilic Fungi
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nutritional Requirements of Thermophilic Fungi
3.3 Growth and Metabolism of Thermophilic Fungi
3.4 Effects of Environmental Factors on Growth
3.4.1 Effect of Temperature
3.4.2 Effect of pH
3.4.3 Effect of Oxygen
3.4.4 Effect of Solutes and Water Activity
3.4.5 Hydrostatic Pressure
3.4.6 Effect of Light
3.4.7 Relative Humidity
3.5 Complex Carbon Sources and Adaptations for Mixed Substrate Utilization
3.6 Nutrient Transport
3.7 Protein Breakdown and Turnover
3.8 Virulence
References
Chapter 4 Habitat Diversity
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Natural Habitats
4.2.1 Soil
4.2.1.1 Desert Soils
4.2.1.2 Coal Mine Soils
4.2.1.3 Geothermal Soils
4.2.1.4 Dead Sea Valley Soil
4.2.2 Beach Sand
4.2.3 Nesting Material of Birds and Animals
4.2.3.1 Bird Nests and Feathers
4.2.3.2 Alligator Nesting Material
4.2.4 Coal Spoil Tips
4.2.5 Hot Springs
4.3 Man-Made Habitats
4.3.1 Hay
4.3.2 Wood Chip Piles
4.3.3 Nuclear Reactor Effluents
4.3.4 Manure
4.3.5 Stored Peat
4.3.6 Retting Guayule
4.3.7 Stored Grains
4.3.8 Municipal Waste
4.3.9 Composts
References
Part IITaxonomy, Biodiversity, and Classification
Chapter 5 Bioprospecting of Thermophilic Fungi
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Biodiversity Perspective
5.3 Culturable Microbial Diversity
5.4 Bioprospecting the Uncultivable
5.5 Bioprospecting and Conservation of Fungal Diversity
5.5.1 Microbial Strain Data Network
5.5.2 Classification of Microorganisms on the Basis of Hazard
5.5.3 International Depository Authorities
5.5.3.1 Responsibilities of an IDA
5.5.3.2 Distribution of IDAs and the Biological Material Accepted
5.5.3.3 Guide to the Deposit of Microorganisms under the Budapest Treaty
5.5.3.4 Code of Practice for IDAs
5.5.3.5 Future Development of the IDA Network Worldwide
5.5.4 Culture Transportation
5.5.5 The Premises before Dispatch of Cultures
5.5.6 Organizations Dealing with Microbial Cultures
5.6 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 6 Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Thermophilic Fungi
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Classification and Taxonomic Ranks
6.3 What is Phylogeny?
6.4 Phylogenetic Analysis
6.4.1 Molecular Phylogeny of Thermophilic Fungi
6.4.2 Constructing Phylogenetic Trees
6.4.3 Phylogeny and Systematics
6.4.4 Thermophilic Fungal Genomes
6.5 Future Prospects
References
Chapter 7 Biodiversity and Taxonomic Descriptions
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Key to the Identification of Thermophilic Fungi
7.2.1 Zygomycota
7.2.2 Ascomycota
7.2.3 Deuteromycetes (Anamorphic Fungi)
7.3 Taxonomic Descriptions of Thermophilic Taxa
7.3.1 Zygomycetes
7.3.2 Ascomycetes
7.3.3 Deuteromycetes (Anamorphic Fungi)
7.4 Nomenclatural Disagreement and Synonymies
References
Chapter 8 The Conflict of Name Change and Synonymies
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Conflict Over Name Change
8.3 The Conflict of One Fungus, Which Name?
8.4 Taxonomies and the Name Changes
8.5 Classification of Uncultured Species
8.6 Unwarranted Taxonomies
References
Part IIIBiotechnological Applications
Chapter 9 Role of Thermophilic Fungi in Composting
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Materials
9.3 Physicochemical Aspects of Composts
9.3.1 Initial C:N and C:P Ratio
9.3.2 Moisture Content
9.3.3 Temperature
9.3.4 Pile Size
9.3.5 Initial pH Value of Compost
9.4 Ecology of Thermophilic Fungi in Mushroom Compost
9.5 Role of Hydrolytic Enzymes of Thermophiles in Composting
9.6 Methods of Mushroom Composting
9.6.1 Long Method of Composting
9.6.2 Short Method of Composting
9.6.3 Anglo-Dutch Method
9.6.4 INRA Method
9.7 Growth Promotion of Agaricus bisporus by Thermophilic Fungi
9.8 Co-composting
9.9 Future Prospects
References
Chapter 10 Bioremediation and Biomineralization
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bioremediation
10.2.1 Heavy Metals as Environmental Pollutants
10.2.2 Metals as a Precious Component of Life
10.2.3 Strategies to Control Heavy Metal Contamination
10.2.3.1 Conventional Treatment Techniques
10.2.3.2 Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals
10.2.3.3 Biosorption of Heavy Metals
10.2.3.4 Immobilized Biosorbent for Bioremediation
10.2.3.5 Recovery of Metals and Regeneration of Biomass
10.2.4 Thermophilic Fungi in Bioremediation
10.3 Biomineralization
References
Chapter 11 Biocatalysts of Thermophilic Fungi
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Extracellular Thermostable Enzymes Produced by Thermophilic Fungi
11.2.1 Cellulases
11.2.2 Amylases
11.2.3 Glucoamylase
11.2.4 Xylanases
11.2.5 Lipases
11.2.6 Proteases
11.2.7 Pectinases
11.2.8 Phytases
11.2.9 Phosphatases
11.2.10 Laccases
11.2.11 α-D-Glucuronidase
11.2.12 Cellobiose Dehydrogenase
11.2.13 D-Glucosyltransferase
11.2.14 DNase
11.3 Intracellular or Cell-Associated Thermostable Enzymes Produced by Thermophilic Fungi
11.3.1 Trehalase
11.3.2 Invertase
11.3.3 β-Glycosidase
11.3.4 ATP Sulfurylase
11.3.5 Protein Disulfide Isomerase
11.3.6 Lipoamide Dehydrogenase
11.4 Bioactive Compounds from Thermophilic Fungi
11.5 Single-Cell Protein Production
11.6 Tools for Genetic Recombination
11.7 Detrimental Activities
References
Chapter 12 Future Perspectives and Conclusions
12.1 Diversity Perspectives
12.2 Taxonomic Perspectives
12.3 Phylogenetic and Genomic Perspectives
12.4 Biotechnological Perspectives

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