Understanding Building Stones and Stone Buildings 1st Edition by John Hudson, John Cosgrove – Ebook PDF Instant Download/DeliveryISBN: 1351585330, 9781351585330
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ISBN-10 : 1351585330
ISBN-13 : 9781351585330
Author: John Hudson, John Cosgrove
This book covers the wide spectrum of subjects relating to obtaining and using building stones, starting with their geological origin and then describing the nature of granites, volcanics, limestones, sandstones, flint, metamorphic stones, breccias and conglomerates, with emphasis being placed on how to recognise the different stones via the many illustrated examples from Great Britain and other countries. The life of a building stone is explained from its origin in the quarry, through its exposure to the elements when used for a building, to its eventual deterioration. The structure of stone buildings is then discussed, with explanations of the mechanics of pillars, lighthouses and walls, arches, bridges, buttresses and roof vaults, plus castles and cathedrals. The sequence of the historical architectural styles of stone buildings is explained—from the early days through to postmodern buildings. Special attention is paid to two famous architects: the Roman Vitruvius and the English Sir Christopher Wren who designed and supervised the construction of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. To demonstrate many of the concepts presented, two exemplary stone buildings are described in detail: the Albert Memorial in London and Durham Cathedral in northern England. The former building is interesting because it is comprised of a cornucopia of different building stones and the latter building because of its architecture and sandstone decay mechanisms. In the final Chapter, ruined stone buildings are discussed—the many reasons for their decay and the possibility of their ‘rebirth’ via digital recording of their geometry. The book has over 350 pages and is illustrated with more than 450 diagrams and colour photographs of both the various stones and the associated stone buildings. Readers’ knowledge of the subject will be greatly enhanced by these images and the related explanatory text. A wide-ranging references and bibliography section is also included.
Understanding Building Stones and Stone Buildings 1st table of contents:
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose and content of the book
2 The geological origin of building stones
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classification of minerals
2.3 Classification of rocks
2.4 The structure of the Earth and plate tectonics
2.5 Rock fractures
2.6 Geological time
2.7 The distribution of rock in the British Isles and its significance for building stones
2.8 The National Stone Centre and the BGS Geological Walk
2.9 Examples of stone buildings and their geological location in Britain
2.9.1 Isle of Lewis, Scotland
2.9.2 Aberdeen
2.9.3 Edinburgh
2.9.4 Durham
2.9.5 Newark
2.9.6 London
2.9.7 Guildford
2.9.8 South-east England
3 Recognising the different types of building stone
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Granites
3.2.1 The use of granite
3.2.2 Decorative granite surfaces
3.2.3 Buildings built with granite and carved granite features
3.2.4 Further examples of the use of granite
3.3 Volcanic stones
3.4 Limestones
3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.2 The distribution of limestones in Britain
3.4.3 Portland stone
3.4.4 Ham Hill stone
3.4.5 Kentish ragstone
3.4.6 Ancaster stone
3.5 Sandstones
3.5.1 Introduction
3.5.2 Examples of sandstone buildings
3.5.3 Which way up is the sandstone?
3.6 Flint
3.7 Metamorphic building stones
3.7.1 Slate
3.7.2 Decorative marble—internal use
3.8 Breccias and conglomerates
3.8.1 Breccias
3.8.2 Conglomerates
3.9 Artificial stones: terracotta, faience, bricks, concrete, Coade stone, gabions
3.9.1 Terracotta
3.9.2 Faience: architectural glazed terracotta
3.9.3 Brick
3.9.4 Concrete
3.9.5 Coade stone
3.9.6 Gabions
4 The life of a building stone: quarrying and emplacement through to deterioration
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Quarries and their distribution in Britain
4.3 Quarrying methods, rock fractures, Portland stone and the Carrara marble quarry complex
4.3.1 The influence of the natural rock structure on quarrying methods
4.3.2 Portland stone
4.3.3 The most famous quarry in the world: Carrara, Italy
4.3.4 Preparation of building stones
4.3.5 The largest quarried stone block
4.4 Building stone exposure, deterioration, ‘back to the Earth’
5 Stone buildings—pillars, lighthouses, walls, arches, bridges, buttresses, roof vaults, castles, cathedrals and lettering
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Pillars, lighthouses and walls
5.2.1 Pillars
5.2.2 Lighthouses
5.2.3 Walls
5.3 Arches, buttresses, bridges and roof vaults
5.3.1 Arches
5.3.2 Buttresses
5.3.3 Bridges
5.3.4 The Wellington arch: a triumphal arch
5.3.5 Roof vaults
5.4 Castles and cathedrals
5.4.1 Castles
5.4.2 Cathedrals
5.5 Lettering in stone
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 The Roman alphabet
5.5.3 Stone lettering examples in different types of stone
5.5.3.1 Granite
5.5.3.2 Sandstone
5.5.3.3 Limestone
5.5.3.4 Lettering in metamorphic stone
5.5.4 Notes on old and new methods of carving and stone lettering in stone
6 The architecture of stone buildings
6.1 Introduction
6.2 An historical note on the early use of building stone in England
6.3 The Saxon architectural style
6.4 The Norman architectural style
6.5 The Early English architectural style
6.6 The Decorated architectural style
6.7 The Perpendicular architectural style
6.8 Subsequent architectural styles following the Perpendicular style
6.9 The inevitable development of the architectural styles from the earliest times to the Gothic
6.10 A note on modern architecture
6.11 Post-modern architecture explained: the case of the bundled pilasters
6.12 Two exceptional architects: Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and Sir Christopher Wren
6.12.1 Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
6.12.2 Sir Christopher Wren
6.13 Books containing explanations and glossaries of architectural terms
7 Two exemplary stone structures: the Albert Memorial and Durham Cathedral
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Albert Memorial
7.2.1 Introduction and background
7.2.2 Foundations and undercroft
7.2.3 Steps (structural features)
7.2.4 Paved platforms (decorative features)
7.2.5 Podium and pedestal (mainly structural) and frieze (decorative)
7.2.6 Canopy (structural and decorative features)
7.2.7 The fleche (steel structure but purely decorative)
7.2.8 Albertopolis
7.3 Durham Cathedral
7.3.1 Cathedral location
7.3.2 Construction and architecture of Durham Cathedral
7.3.3 Weathering of the Durham Cathedral sandstone: a case study
7.3.4 Liesegang rings
7.3.5 The problem of replacing weathered sandstone building stones
8 Deterioration of building stones and stone buildings
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The mechanisms of deterioration
8.2.1 Deterioration of limestone
8.2.2 Deterioration of sandstone
8.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics, entropy and the inevitability of ruins
8.4 Digital recording of stone buildings and the possibility of their rebirth
8.5 A note on the deterioration of religious buildings
8.6 A case history of studies of the Carrara marble bowing phenomenon
9 Concluding comments
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Tags: Building Stones, Stone Buildings, John Hudson, John Cosgrove