Water and Land Security in Drylands Response to Climate Change 1st Edition by Mohamed Ouessar, Donald Gabriels, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Steven Evett 3319540214 9783319540214

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ISBN-10 :  3319540214 

ISBN-13 : 9783319540214

Author:  Mohamed Ouessar, Donald Gabriels, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Steven Evett 

This book presents recent lessons learned in the context of research and development for various dryland ecosystems, focusing on water resources management, land and vegetation cover degradation and remediation, and socioeconomic aspects, as well as integrated approaches to ensuring water and land security in view of the current and predicted climate change. As water and land are the essential bases of food production, the management of these natural resources is becoming a cornerstone for the development of dryland populations. The book gathers the peer-reviewed, revised versions of the most outstanding papers on these topics presented at the ILDAC2015 Conference in Djerba, Tunisia.

Water and Land Security in Drylands Response to Climate Change 1st Table of contents:

1 A Study of Water Stress on Olive Growing Under the Effect of Climate Change in South East of Tunis
Abstract
Introduction
Presentation of the Study Site: Location
Materials and Methods
Daily Data for Temperature and Rainfall for the Future Period
The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)
The HidroMORE Model
Description of the Input Variables Required By HidroMORE
The Conceptual Model
Results and Discussion
Calibration
Ratio of ETCadj to ETC
Adaptive Strategy
Early Warning System
Adapted Crop System Management
Change Water and Soil Conservation WSC Techniques and Supplemental Irrigation
Subsidizing Suitable Systems
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
2 Climate Change Impacts in the Maghreb Region: Status and Prospects of the Water Resources
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in the Maghreb Region
Water Strategies and Plans in the Maghreb Countries
SWOT Analysis
Recommendations
Conclusion
References
3 Effect of High Temperature Stress on Wheat and Barley Production in Northern Tunisia
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Data Used
Thermal Unit Sums
Results and Discussion
Attainable Regional Yields
Global Warming Trends
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
4 Study of Managed Aquifer Recharge and Climate Change, Using a Numerical Model: The Figuig Aquifer
Abstract
Introduction
Geographical and Geological Setting
Methodology
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
References
5 Calibration of AquaCrop Salinity Stress Parameters for Barley Under Different Irrigation Regimes i
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Experimental Conditions and Treatments
AquaCrop Model Description
Input Data
Model Calibration and Testing
Results and Discussion
Soil Water Content
Soil Salinity
Canopy Cover (CC)
Final Biomass and Grain Yield
Conclusion
References
6 Groundwater Recharge of the Kairouan Plain Aquifer: Evidence of Preferential Flow Paths Through th
Abstract
Introduction
Study Area
Methodology
Data
Geological Pattern
Model Setup
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
7 Evapotranspiration of Wheat in a Hilly Topography: Results from Measurements Using a Set of Eddy C
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Experimental Site
Data Acquisition
Data Processing and Quality Assessment
Results and Discussion
Experimental Conditions and Quality Assessment
Sensitivity of ETo to Crop Cover and Slope
Impact of Slope on ET of Wheat
Hourly and Daily Crop Coefficient of Wheat in Sloping Area
Daily Values of ET/ETo as Compared to FAO-Kc
Conclusion and Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
8 Performance of Saxton and Rawls Pedotransfer Functions for Estimating Soil Water Properties in the
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Studied Soils
Saxton and Rawls Pedotransfer Functions
Results
Performance of PTFs for Cambisols
Performance of PTFs for Calcisols
Performance of PTFs for Vertisols
Statistical Evaluation
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
9 Assessing the Groundwater Pollution Problem by Nitrate and Faecal Bacteria: Case of Djerba Unconfi
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Area
Geological and Hydrogeological Settings
Water Sampling
Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analyses Methods
Results and Discussion
Groundwater Quality
Nitrate Pollution
Faecal Pollution
Conclusion
References
10 Monitoring Soil Moisture Content of Jessour in the Watershed of Wadi Jir (Matmata, Southeast Tuni
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Area
Instrument and Principle of Measurements
Synthesis of the Soil Profiles Study
Results and Discussion
Temporal Evolution of Water Reserve
Evolution of Soil Water Storage During the Study Period (4 Years)
Soil Water Evolution During One Hydrological Year
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
11 Direct and Residual Effect of Sewage Sludge in a Sudangrass-Barley Cropping System
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake by Sudangrass
Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake by Barley
Nitrogen Derived from Sewage Sludge and from Soil in Barley Crop
Conclusion
References
12 Aflaj’ Water Management in Oman: The Case of Falaj Al-Khatmeen in Birkat Al-Mouz, Wilayat Nizwa
Abstract
Introduction
Description and Mechanism
Origin and History
Aflaj in Oman
Methods
Results
Location and History of Falaj Al-Khatmeen
Physical Data of Falaj Al-Khatmeen
Aflaj Management System
Irrigation Scheduling
Discussion
The Falaj as Sustainable Water Acquisition Technique
Equity in Access to Falaj Water for Stakeholders
Aflaj Management System Assessment Regarding Water Integrity (TAPA Concepts)
Problems Facing Falaj Al-Khatmeen
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
13 Response of Vegetable Crops to Irrigation Regimes Using Saline Waters
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Soil Water Balance
Soil Salinity
Crop Yield
Water Productivity
Economic Evaluation
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
14 Fog Collection and Participatory Approach for Water Management and Local Development: Practical R
Abstract
Introduction
Fog and Fog Water Collection
Case Studies
Chungungo—El Tofo—Chile
Chañaral—Falda Verde—Chile
Mejia—Lomas de Mejia—Peru
Atiquipa—Lomas de Atiquipa—Peru
Evaluation Criteria
Methodological Approaches—Participatory Processes
Methodological Approaches—Funding and Costs
Conclusions
References
15 Salt and Water Dynamic of Potato Crop Under Irrigation with Low Quality Waters
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Soil Water Content
Water Stock Variation
Salt Distribution
Yield
Water Use Efficiency
Conclusion
References
16 Development of Methodology for Existing Rainwater Harvesting Assessment in (semi-)Arid Regions
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Methodology Overview
Case Study: The Oum Zessar Watershed
Description of Study Area
Data Collection
Results and Discussion
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
17 Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on Erosive Behavior of Nebhana Watershed Tunisia
Abstract
Introduction
Location and Description of the Study Site
Soil Erosion Model
Discussion
Conclusion
References
18 Short-Term Effects of Olive Mill Wastewater Spreading on Chemical Properties of Soils in Arid Lan
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Experimental Sites
Soil and OMW Characteristics
Experimental Set up
Laboratory Measurements
Results and Discussion
Effect of Short-Term OMW Application on Soil Organic Matter
Soil Exchangeable Potassium
Soil Available Phosphorus
Soil Mineral Nitrogen
Soil Salinity
Soil pH
Conclusion
References
19 Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Fragmentation Classes of the Mikea Dry Deciduous Forest (South
Abstract
Introduction
Material and Method
Study Area
Spatial Images
Image Classification
Landscape Metrics
Results and Discussion
Forest Cover Classification and Change
Quantitative Metric Analysis of Dry Deciduous Forest Pattern Change
Causes of Deforestation and Metrics Change from Survey
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
20 The Impact of Atmospheric Pollution on the Chemical Composition of Soil Around Gabes Cement Plant
Abstract
Introduction
Experimental Design
Site Description
Soil Sampling Method
Determination of Ionic Balance
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Results and Discussion
Electrical Conductivity Measurement
Organic Matter Measurement
Measurement of CaCO3 Content
Measurement of Active Limestone Content
Measurement of Sulphate Content
Measurement of Chloride Content
Measurement of Sodium (Na+) Content
Measurement of Potassium K+ Content
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
21 Contribution of Hyperspectral Images (Hyperion) and Spectroscopy for Mapping Soil’s Surface and
Abstract
Introduction
Presentation of the Study Area: Human and Physical Context
Methodology
Data Collection: Image and Measurements
The Soil’s and Materials Surface Mapping Approach
Pre-treatments of the Hyperion Image
Spectral Data Processing
The Method of Extracting Endmembers “Spectral HourglassWizard”
The Method of the Classification Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM)
Results and Discussion
Map of the Soil Surface in the Sub-Watershed of Beni Zalten
Map Abundance of Materials in the Watershed of Beni Zalten
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
22 Use of Remote Sensing and GIS for Land Degradation Assessment of Qarun Lake Coastal Area, El-Fayo
Abstract
Introduction
Geological Aspect
Soil Aspect
Landforms
Landscape
Soil Mineralogy
Soil Classification
Land Capability and Productivity
Hydrology and Drainage
Problems of Pollution
Materials and Methods
Geometric Correction
Image Enhancement and Visual Interpretation
Landform Mapping, Soil Survey, and Soil Analysis
Results and Discussion
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Landforms and Soils
The Effect of Sand Dune on Qarun Lake
The Negative Impact of Qarun Lake
References
23 Classification Methods for Detecting and Evaluating Changes in Desertification-Related Features i
Abstract
Background
Study Sites
Wadi Biskra Study Area, Algeria
Oum Zessar Study Area, Tunisia
Methodology and Data Analysis
Dataset
Visual Interpretation
Image Processing and Classification Methods
Decision Tree Classifier Design
Principal Component Analysis of the Knepper Composite
Results and Discussions
DT Classifier
IsoDATA Classifier of Knepper-ratios composite Principal Components
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
24 Evaluation and Validation of SRTMGL1 and ASTER GDEM2 for Two Maghreb Regions (Biskra, Algeria and
Abstract
Introduction
Study Areas
Digital Elevation Models
Ground Control Points
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
25 An Integrated Cost–Benefit and Livelihood Approach for Assessing the Impact of Water Harvesting
Abstract
Introduction
Background
The Oum Zessar Watershed
Methods
Results and Discussion
Economic Profitability of WHTs
Impacts on Livelihood Conditions
Conclusion
References
26 Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Sustainable Development at the Regional Level: A Case
Abstract
Introduction
Case Study and Methodology
Case Study
Methodological Framework
Scenario Definition
Results
Impacts on Sustainable Development Indicators
Impacts on the Sustainability Index
Sensitivity Analysis
Conclusion and Discussion
References
27 How Investment in RD&E Offset the Negative Impact of Climate Change on the Tunisian Agricultural
Abstract
Introduction
The Agricultural Sector in Tunisia: An Overview
Overview of Literature
RD&E Expenditure and Agriculture Productivity
Climate Change and Agriculture Productivity
Data Sources and Analytical Framework
Data Sources and Descriptive Statistics
Analytical Framework
Analysis and Empirical Results
TFP Growth Rate Determination
RD&E Expenditure, Climate Change and TFP Determinants Nexus
Concluding Remarks and Policy Implications

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