Secularization and religious innovation in the north Atlantic world 1st Edition by David Hempton, Hugh McLeod 0192519030 9780192519030

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ISBN-10 :  0192519030 

ISBN-13 :  9780192519030

Author:  David N. Hempton, Hugh McLeod 

In the early twenty-first century it had become a cliché that there was a ‘God Gap’ between a more religious United States and a more secular Europe. The apparent religious differences between the United States and western Europe continue to be a focus of intense and sometimes bitter debate between three of the main schools in the sociology of religion. According to the influential ‘Secularization Thesis’, secularization has been an integral part of the processes of modernisation in the Western world since around 1800. For proponents of this thesis, the United States appears as an anomaly and they accordingly give considerable attention to explaining why it is different. For other sociologists, however, the apparently high level of religiosity in the USA provides a major argument in their attempts to refute the Thesis. Secularization and Religious Innovation in the Atlantic World provides a systematic comparison between the religious histories of the United States and western European countries from the eighteenth to the late twentieth century, noting parallels as well as divergences, examining their causes and especially highlighting change over time. This is achieved by a series of themes which seem especially relevant to this agenda, and in each case the theme is considered by two scholars. The volume examines whether American Christians have been more innovative, and if so how far this explains the apparent ‘God Gap’. It goes beyond the simple American/European binary to ask what is ‘American’ or ‘European’ in the Christianity of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and in what ways national or regional differences outweigh these commonalities.

Secularization and religious innovation in the north Atlantic world 1st Table of contents:

Part I: Church, State, and Money
1. The Established Churches, Church Growth, and Secularization in Imperial Britain, c.1830–1930
The Established Churches and the ‘Constitutional Revolution’ of 1828–35
Victorian Church Growth in Britain
Initiatives and Associations for Home Mission within the Established Churches
Church Decline and the Religious Establishments
2. Religious Markets, Capital Markets, and Church Finances in Industrializing America
Introduction
Establishmentarian Logic
Competing in the Capital Markets
Conclusion
Part II: Evangelicalism
3. Evangelicalism and Secularization in Britain and America from the Eighteenth Century to the Present
4. ‘There are no Secular Events’: Popular Media and the Diverging Paths of British and American Evangelicalism
Part III: Born in America
5. On the Volatile Relationship of Secularization and New Religious Movements: A Christian Science Case
The Ironic Tensions of Differentiation
The ‘Next Friends’ Suit
The Particular Nature of New Religious Movements
New Religious Movements and the Next Friends
Ambivalent Instability and the Contingencies of History
6. Mormons and Materialism: Struggling against the Ideology of Separation
Part IV: Gender
7. Women’s History and Religious Innovation
Conclusion
8. ‘Such a Renewal’: Catholic All-Male Movements in Modern Europe
Introduction
International Themes and National Differences: One Movement—Three Countries
Such a Renewal?
Part V: Popular Culture
9. Pentecostalism and Popular Culture in Britain and America from the Early Twentieth Century to the 1970s
10. Muscular Christianity: American and European
The Pioneers
The Beginnings of Modern Sport
The 1960s and After
Conclusion
Part VI: World War, Cold War, and Post-War Revival
11. GI Religion and Post-War Revival in the United States and Great Britain
12. ‘Billy Graham’s Cold War Crusades’: Re-Christianization, Secularization, and the Spiritual Creation of the Free World in the 1950s
Part VII: Catholicism in the Era of Vatican II
13. Is there an American Exceptionalism? American and German Catholics in Comparison
Catholics in the USA and Germany before 1945
Developments After 1945
Summary and Hypotheses in the Context of the Diversity of Religious Life in Europe
14. How Exceptional? US Catholics since 1945
Part VIII: The 1970s and After
15. Gospels of Growth: The American Megachurch at Home and Abroad
16. Religion, Territory, and Choice: Contrasting Configurations
Introduction
Key Dates
Placing Europe and the United States in a Global Context
Understanding Religion in Modern Europe: The Factors to Take into Account
The British Case
Conclusion
Part IX: Conclusions
17. ‘Religious America, Secular Europe’: Are They Really So Different?
Patterns of Religious Change
Britain and the United States in the Nineteenth Century
From the 1890s to the 1950s
The 1960s
The 1970s
Conclusion
18. Organizing Concepts and ‘Small Differences’ in the Comparative Secularization of Western Europe

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