Baran and Dawber’s Diseases of the Nails and their Management 5th Edition by Robert Baran 1119323355 9781119323358

Part I: The Normal Nail and Nail Signs

Chapter 1: Science of the Nail Apparatus

Gross anatomy and terminology

Embryology

Regional anatomy

Vascular supply

Nerve supply

Comparative anatomy and function

Physiology

Physical properties of nails

References

Chapter 2: Physical Signs

Modification in the configuration of the nail unit

Modification of the nail surface

Modification of the nail plate and soft tissue attachments

Modification in perionychial tissues

Modification in the consistency of the nail

Modification in color: nail dyschromia, or discoloration, or chromonychia (see Appendix)

References

Part II: Imaging of the Nail Unit

Chapter 3: Nail Photography

Introduction

Why do we need dermatological photography?

When: respect and consent form

Which camera? Technical aspects

Photographing nails

Picture format

Photographic measuring scale

Post processing/computer‐aided analysis

Where and how to store images: medical imaging software

Legal aspects

References

Chapter 4: Dermoscopy

Introduction

Equipment/technical aspects

Basic dermoscopic semiology on nails [3, 7, 11]

Advanced dermoscopy techniques

Dermoscopy‐based differential diagnoses

References

Chapter 5: Ultrasound and Other Imaging Methods

ULTRASOUND IMAGING OF THE NAIL

Introduction

Ultrasound techniques

Normal sonographic anatomy of the nail

Benign pathology

Malignant pathology

Conclusion

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Introduction

Technology

Normal nail anatomy

Nail pathology

HIGH‐RESOLUTION PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (HR‐pQCT)

References

Chapter 6: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction

Constraints on magnetic resonance imaging of the nail apparatus

Imaging sequences

Normal magnetic resonance appearance of the nail apparatus

Tumors of the nail apparatus

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7: Nail Fold Capillary Microscopy or Capillaroscopy

Introduction

Technology

Normal nail fold microvasculature

Capillary pathology

References

Chapter 8: Confocal Microscopy

Introduction

Equipment and technical aspects

Areas of interest

References

Part III: Nail Disorders Occurring Principally in Childhood

Chapter 9: Hereditary and Congenital Nail Disorders

CONGENITAL AND HEREDITARY DISORDERS INVOLVING THE NAILS

Introduction

Nail embryology

Anonychia

Ectodermal dysplasias

Disease loci and chromosome anomalies (Fig. 9.20)

Nail change in syndromes with predominantly skeletal anomalies

Isolated congenital nail dysplasia

Koilonychia (spoon nails) (MIM *149300)

Curved nail of the fourth toe (MIM 219070)

Overcurvature of the nails

Ectopic nails, onychoheterotopia (Figs 9.29–9.31)

Congenital malformations caused by drugs or infections (see also Chapter 16)

Nail discoloration

Epidermolysis bullosa (Figs 9.32–9.42)

Secondary nail changes and some miscellaneous nail conditions

MOSAIC DISORDERS INVOLVING THE NAIL REGION

Introduction

Hamartomas

Nail disorders reflecting functional X‐chromosome mosaicism

Other mosaic disorders involving the nail region

Porokeratotic eccrine nevus

References

Chapter 10: Nail Disorders in Childhood

Introduction

Composition and morphology of the nail in childhood

Nail morphology

Nail plate changes

Soft tissue features

Bacterial infections

Fungal infections

Dermatological diseases

Systemic diseases

Drug‐induced nail disorders

Benign tumors

Melanonychia and melanoma

Other malignant tumors

Trauma, finger sucking, and nail biting

Nail degloving

Infantile ingrown toenails

References

Part IV: Nail Disorders in the Elderly

Chapter 11: The Aging Nail and Related Disorders

Introduction

Modifications of the morphology and composition of the nail

Fungal infection of the nail

Iatrogenic nail changes

Benign tumors

Malignant tumors

Trauma from footwear and pedal deformities

Nail dystrophy from inadequate nail care

References

Part V: Nail Infections

Chapter 12: Fungal (Onychomycosis) and Other Infections Involving the Nail Apparatus

Introduction

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis

Superficial onychomycosis

Endonyx onychomycosis

Proximal subungual onychomycosis

Total dystrophic onychomycosis

Mixed pattern onychomycosis

Secondary onychomycosis

Paronychia

Diagnostic investigations

TREATMENT

Topical therapies

Systemic therapies

Non‐surgical devices for the treatment of onychomycosis

Surgical treatments

Management of special situations in onychomycosis

Other fungal infections

Infection in other chapters

References

Chapter 13: Bacterial, Viral, and Other Infections

Introduction

Viral infections

Bacterial infections

Mycobacterial infections

Infestations

Parasitic infections

References

Part VI: The Nail in Dermatological Conditions

Chapter 14: Dermatological Disorders

NON‐PSORIATIC DISORDERS

Pityriasis rubra pilaris

Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis lichenoides acuta

Parakeratosis pustulosa

Lichen planus

Lichen striatus

Lichen nitidus

Lichen aureus

Keratosis lichenoides chronica

Eczema

Discoid lupus erythematosus

Bullous pemphigoid

Pemphigus

Darier disease

Stevens–Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Alopecia areata

Porokeratosis

Acroosteolysis

Acrokeratoelastoidosis

Focal acral hyperkeratosis

Palmoplantar keratoderma

Granuloma annulare

Juvenile xanthogranuloma

Erythema elevatum diutinum

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Vitiligo

Nail degloving

PSORIASIS

Introduction/epidemiology/pathogenesis

Clinical features

Considerations in the diagnosis of nail psoriasis

Variants of nail psoriasis

Differential diagnosis

Associations

Imaging techniques

Quality of life

Severity scales

Management of nail psoriasis

Nail psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

Psoriasis associated with other diseases

References

Part VII: The Nail in Systemic Conditions

Chapter 15: The Nail in Systemic Disease

Cardiac disorders

Circulatory disorders

Respiratory disorders

Gastrointestinal disorders

Hepatic disorders

Renal disorders

Reproductive system disorders

Endocrine disorders

Nervous system disorders

Psychological and psychiatric disorders

Musculoskeletal disorders

Hematological and lymphatic disorders

Connective tissue diseases

Immunological disorders

Infections

Nutritional disorders

Metabolic disorders

Nail changes associated with solid malignancies

Metastases to the nail unit

References

Chapter 16: Drug‐induced Nail Disorders

Introduction

Antimicrobial agents

Antiretroviral drugs

Antifungal drugs

Antimalarial agents

Drugs acting on the central nervous system

Antiinflammatory agents

Cardiovascular drugs

Anticoagulant drugs

Hormones

Cancer chemotherapeutic agents

Miscellaneous

Intoxicants

Heavy metal intoxications

References

Chapter 17: Anticancer Therapies

Chemotherapy and targeted therapies

Nail changes induced by chemotherapy

Nail changes induced by targeted therapies (Table 17.2)

Cancer immunotherapy

References

Part VIII: The Nail in Occupational, Podiatric, and Cosmetic Conditions

Chapter 18: Occupational Abnormalities and Contact Dermatitis

Definition

Diagnosis of occupational nail disorders

Etiology

Handicap, impairment, and disability

Clinical reaction patterns

Occupational nail hazards

Physical hazards

Non‐occupational nail hazards

Nail protection at work

Nail cosmetic hazards at work

References

Chapter 19: Cosmetics: the Care and Adornment of the Nail

The art of nail care

Basic manicure

Special products and procedures

Cure versus proper cure and allergic potential

Latest innovations in nail coatings

Medical issues related to artificial nail coatings

Conclusion

References

Chapter 20: Trauma from Footwear and Pedal Deformities

Introduction

Foot function

Constraints from footwear

Resulting clinical features

Foot shape and added orthopedic deformities

Management

References

Part IX: Nail Tumors and Surgery

Chapter 21: Tumors of the Nail Apparatus and Adjacent Tissues

Introduction

Epithelial tumors

Soft tissue tumors

Vascular tumors

Osteocartilaginous tumors

Synovial tumors

Lipomatous and myxomatous tumors

Sarcomas

Pseudotumors

Histiocytic, lymphomatous, and metastatic processes

Melanocytic lesions

References

Chapter 22: Nail Surgery

Introduction

Surgical anatomy

Preoperative measures and preparation of the patient

Instrumentation

Anesthesia

Nail avulsion

Biopsy of the nail area

Closures of defects at the nail apparatus

Microscopically controlled surgery

Ingrown toenails

Pincer nail

Retronychia

Non‐scalpel techniques

Trauma

Surgery for congenital abnormalities

Complications in nail surgery

Postoperative pain management