Building Resilient Cities in China The Nexus between Planning and Science 1st edition by Xueming Chen, Qisheng Pan ISBN 3319385151 978-3319385150

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ISBN 10: 3319385151
ISBN 13: 978-3319385150
Author:  Xueming Chen, Qisheng Pan 

This book discusses a range of planning and management issues related to building urban resiliency. It covers such topics as urban, environmental, and transportation planning, historical preservation, emergency relief and management, geographic information systems (GIS) and other technological applications. The book includes case studies of several cities and districts in China, including Shanghai, and a number of cities in the United States of America.

Urban resiliency in the face of uncertainty is a priority for planning and governance in communities worldwide. In China, which has suffered many of the world’s most devastating floods, earthquakes, and typhoons, preparing for the threat of disaster has long been an important planning objective. Recent calamities, such as the 2008 Winter Storms, the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, and the 2012 Beijing Floods have only made planning for resiliency more urgent. As planners work to prepare for such events, interdisciplinary collaboration becomes increasingly important. Planners need the tools and insights offered by other fields, including both the natural and social sciences. At the same time, these interdisciplinary relationships help shape the identity of urban-rural planning in its new role as one of China’s primary academic disciplines. Thus, the nexus between planning and science is critically important in building resilient cities in China, and the Chinese planning experience can serve as an example to and benefit countries around the world.

Building Resilient Cities in China The Nexus between Planning and Science 1st  Table of contents:

Empirical Research on Global Value Chain and Industrial Structure Upgrading of Shanghai Putuo Distri

1 Introduction

2 Background of the Research Area

2.1 The Evolution of Industrial Development Stage of Putuo District

2.2 Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications

3 Model Construction and Data Selection

3.1 Model Construction

3.2 Data Selection

4 Results

5 Suggestion

References

Spatial and Social Assessment of Chinese Urban Neighbourhoods Undergoing Change

1 Introduction

2 Literature Review

2.1 Emerging New Poverty of Landless Farmers

2.2 The Neighbourhood and Community of Landless Farmers and the Demand for High Quality Public Open

3 Methodology

4 Findings on Social Issues of the Neighbourhood

4.1 High Percentage of `Migrant´ Households and High Rate Degree ofMobility

4.2 Satisfaction with Housing and theNeighbourhood

4.3 Social Life and Sense of Belonging to the Community

4.4 Demand of Space, Management and Social Activities

5 Findings from Distance Sampling

5.1 Multi-used Open Spaces

5.2 The Elderly – Primary Open Space Users

5.3 Children Are a Socially Binding Force

5.4 Quality of Space Affects Quantity of Participants

6 Conclusion

References

The Unprecedented Age Wave and Challenged Fixed-Route and Specialized Transportation Services: The C

1 Introduction

2 GRTC´s Facts

2.1 History and Governance

2.2 Budget

2.3 Fixed-Route Services

2.4 Paratransit Services

3 GRTC´s Issues

3.1 Poor Regional Service Coverage

3.2 Costly and Inadequate Paratransit Services

3.3 Ineffective Governing Structures

4 Improvement Strategies

4.1 Establish the Richmond Regional Transportation Authority (Political Category)

4.2 Coordinate Public Transit and Human Service Transportation (Political Category)

4.3 Reform Fare System for Care Riders (Economic Category)

4.4 Restructure Existing Bus Routes (Planning Category)

4.5 Public-Private Partnerships (Planning Category)

4.6 Volunteer Driving Programs (Planning Category)

4.7 Travel Training (Planning Category)

4.8 Subscription-Grouping Rides (Planning Category)

4.9 Rely on New Technology (Technological Category)

4.10 Continue Improving Fixed-Route Transit (Technological Category)

5 Conclusion

References

Resilient Planning Frame for Building Resilient Cities

1 Introduction

1.1 Global Climate Change and the Energy Crisis

1.2 Traditional Urban Planning Reform

2 Resilient Theory

2.1 Origin and Development of Resilient Theory

2.2 Sustainable Development and Resilient Thinking

2.3 Important Points of Resilient Thinking

3 Urban Resilience Study

3.1 Urban Ecological Resilience

3.2 Urban Engineering Resilience

4 Study on Resilient Urban Planning

4.1 “Planning´´ Studies for Resilient City

4.2 “Resiliency´´ Studies of Urban Planning

5 Conclusions

References

The Construction of Neighborhood Unit System of Flood Control and Drainage Based on Landscape Infras

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Idea Formation

4 Construction

4.1 Principles

4.2 Elements

4.3 Structure

5 Assessing

5.1 Case Study

5.2 Performance Analysis

5.2.1 Model Deduction

5.2.2 Empirical Research

5.2.3 Results Analysis

6 Conclusion

References

Community Life Regression Under the Background of Rapid Urbanization

1 The Emergence of Community as a Social Integration Mode

2 The Present Types of Community Life in China

2.1 Urban-Village

2.1.1 Main Characteristics of Urban-Village

2.2 Unit-System Community

2.2.1 Main Characteristics of Unit-System Community

2.3 Commercial Residential Area

2.3.1 Main Characteristics of Commercial Residential Area

3 Problems Caused by High-Density Living Environment in the Context of Rapid Urbanization

3.1 Spatial Differentiation

3.2 Community Protest

3.3 Weak Community Awareness

3.4 Lack of Community Vigor

4 The Root of Issues Caused by High-Density Living Environment

4.1 Institutions

4.2 Planning

4.3 Social Factors

5 Community Construction in the Context of Rapid Urbanization

5.1 Rigid Planning Level

5.1.1 Community Planning Theory

5.1.2 Community Development Mode

5.1.3 The Construction of Low/Multi-layer Buildings and Street System in High-Density Urban Area

5.1.4 Spatial Environmental Design for the Promotion of Neighborhood Interaction

5.2 Elastic Management Level

5.2.1 Community Management

5.2.2 Community Integration

5.2.3 Community Culture

5.2.4 Community Public Service

6 Conclusion

References

Addressing Social Revitalization in Conservation of Historic Quarters in China

1 Introduction

2 Literature

2.1 Approaches in Urban Conservation

3 Theoretical Underpinnings

3.1 Understanding Social Sustainability in Urban Planning Via a Process Perspective

3.2 Social Capital and Its Adaptations

3.3 The Adaptation of Social Capital Theory

3.4 A Social Capital Approach to Urban Conservation

4 Case Study

4.1 Background of Urban Conservation in China

4.2 The Conservation Process of Xi´an Hui Fang-a Historic Quarter of Ethnic Hui

4.2.1 The Initial Stage (1980-2000)

4.2.2 The Transitional Stage (2000-2008)

4.2.3 The Target Stage (2000-2008)

5 Discussion

5.1 Main Findings of Social Network Analysis

5.1.1 Identifying Three Forms of Social Capital

5.1.2 Network Analysis

5.2 Discussions

6 Conclusion

References

The Strategies of Open Space Planning Under the Goal of Building Resilient City

1 Introduction

2 The Concept and Design Principles of Resilient City

2.1 The Concept of Resilient City

2.2 The Design Principles of Resilient City

3 The Definition and Role of Open Space

3.1 The Definition of Open Space

3.2 The Roles of Open Space

4 Strategies of Open Space Under the Goal of Building Resilient City

4.1 Coordination Other Planning with Open Space Planning

4.2 Build a Network of Open Space System

4.3 Maintain the Integrity and Continuity of Mountains and Water Pattern

4.3.1 Prevent the Privatization of Mountains

4.3.2 Strengthen the Continuity of Water Pattern

4.4 Build a Diversified, Multi-Level Green Space System

4.4.1 Contents Expansion

4.4.2 Upgrade Indicators and Optimize the Structure

4.5 Build the Pedestrian System of Combined “Pedestrian and Green´´

4.6 Improve Public Participation in Open Space Planning

5 Urban Green Space System Planning and Water Planning Practices of Guigang

5.1 City Introduction

5.2 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Planning

5.3 Green Space System

5.3.1 The Mountains and Water Pattern

5.3.2 System Components

5.3.3 Biodiversity Conservation

5.4 Water System

5.5 Open Space System Construction of Guigang Under the Goal of Building Resilient City

6 Concluding Remarks

References

A People´s Atlas of Muncie: Citizen Representations of Urban Space

1 Introduction

2 Objective

3 Methods

4 Results and Discussion

5 Conclusions

References

The Ecological Impact of the Korean Saemaul (New Rural Community) Movement, 1970-1979

1 Introduction

2 Research Design

2.1 Research Problem and Questions

2.2 Research Framework and Methodology

3 Korean Saemaul Movement, 1970-1979

3.1 Brief Background on the Republic of Korea

3.2 President Park, Chung-Hee, 1917-1979

3.3 Korean Saemaul Movement as a Top-Down Approach

3.3.1 Background and Nature

3.3.2 Historical Progress

3.4 Ecological Impact of Korean Saemaul Movement

3.4.1 Regime Changes of Resource Management

4 Korean Reforestation, 1973-1978

4.1 Korean Reforestation as a Top-Down Approach

4.1.1 Background and Nature

4.1.2 Historical Progress

4.2 Ecological Impact of Korean Reforestation

4.2.1 National-Scale Success

4.2.2 Global-Scale Consequences

5 Conclusion

References

The Analysis of Two Increases and Two Reductions Policy of Shanghai

1 Research on the Background of Two Increases and Two Reductions Policy

2 The Proposal of Two Increases and Two Reductions Policy

3 Feasibility Analysis on Two Increases and Two Reductions Policy

4 Defects of Two Increases and Two Reductions Policy

5 The Implementation of Two Increases and Two Reductions Policy

6 Conclusion

References

Facade Renovation and Utilizing Ways in the Historical Commercial Streets: Rigid Planning at the Com

1 Introduction

2 Classfied Utilizing Ways

3 Compound Façade Renovation Patterns

4 Relationship Between the Utilizing Ways and the Compound Façade Renovation Patterns

5 Discussion

6 Conclusions

References

Method Exploration of Sensitive Public Space System Planning in Urban Newly Areas on the Viewpoint o

1 Foreword

2 Systematology of Sensitive Public Space Planning

2.1 Introduction of Systematology

2.2 Systemic Integrated Optimization Mechanism

3 System Construction of Sensitive Public Space Planning and Design

4 Case Study of Urban Design of Bali Lake District

4.1 Introduction of the Case

4.1.1 Origin of the Case

4.1.2 Research Framework

4.2 Evaluation System – Analysis of Background and Present Situation

4.2.1 Overall Background

4.2.2 Present Situation

4.3 Guide System Systemic – Integrated Optimization Design

4.3.1 Overall Design

4.3.2 Detailed Design

4.3.3 Integration Design

4.4 Control System – Construction Management Control

5 Conclusion

References

Analysis of Framework and Optimization of the Urban Natural Landscape System (UNLS)

1 Introduction

2 Structure and Framework of UNLS

2.1 Structure Elements of UNLS

2.2 Function of the UNLS

2.3 Optimized Framework of UNLS

3 Research of Tianjin UNLS

3.1 Analysis of Structure Elements

3.2 Overall Layout of Urban Green Space

3.3 Assessment of Eco-efficiency of Tianjin UNLS

3.4 Analysis and Assessment of Green Space Temperature Buffer

4 Conclusions

References

Study on the Indicator System of Eco-regional Development Planning for Shanghai Chongming Island

1 Introduction

2 Background and Definition

3 Objectives and Principles

3.1 Objectives

3.2 Principles

3.3 The Alternative Index Set of Assessment Subjects

4 Working Thoughts and Theoretical Basis

4.1 Working Thoughts

4.2 Theoretical Basis

4.3 Research Route

4.4 System Framework Design:“5.3.X´´ Construction

5 Indicator System Framework

5.1 The Establishment of Thematic Areas

5.1.1 Social Harmony

5.1.2 Economic Development

5.1.3 System Science Discipline

5.1.4 Ecological Health

5.1.5 Scientific Management

5.2 The Hierarchical Design of Assessment Subjects

5.3 The Screening Analysis of Key Indicators

5.4 Threshold and Target Identification Basis

6 Indicator System Framework

6.1 Chongming Indicator Calculation

6.2 Chongming Area Indicator and Strategic Position

6.3 Chongming Indicator of the Theme and the Course of Action

7 Conclusion

References

A New Thinking of the Urbanization Route in Forest Ecological Function Regions: The Case of Shen-Non

1 Introduction

2 The Features of Forest Ecological Function Regions´ Urbanization

2.1 High Ratio of no Developing Zones and Prominent Ecological Service

2.2 Low Population Density and Inadequate Space for Urban and Rural Construction

2.3 The Obstacles That the Urbanization of Forest Ecological Function Regions Are Confronted

3 A New Thinking of Forest Ecological Function Regions´ Urbanization Way

3.1 The Proposal of the New Thinking of Urbanizing Development

3.2 The Coordination of Urbanization from the Perspective of a New Thinking

4 Conclusion

References

Quantitative Study of Housing Price Based on Huff Model and Hedonic Method

1 Introduction

2 Study Area and Data

3 Analysis Model

3.1 Hedonic Method

3.1.1 Linear Model

3.1.2 Logarithmic Linear Model

3.1.3 Semi Logarithmic Linear Model

3.2 Huff Model

4 Influencing Factors

5 Result of Huff

6 Result of Hedonic

7 Discussion

7.1 Discussion of Influencing Factors

7.1.1 Convenience of Shopping (X1 and X2)

7.1.2 District that Dwelling District Locate (X6)

7.1.3 Proximity of the Key Primary Schools (X11)

7.1.4 Property Management Level (X21)

7.2 Discussion of Causes

7.2.1 Single-Central City Polarization Development

7.2.2 Unbalanced Allocation of Public Facilities

7.2.3 Geographical Spatial Partition

7.2.4 Coastal Landscape Effect

7.2.5 The Development Strategy

8 Conclusion

References

Develop A GIS Based Risk Model to Evaluate the Economic Resilience of Houston Neighborhoods for the

1 Introduction

2 Urban Resilience

3 1980 Oil Bust

4 Risk Factors for City and Community Resilience

5 Conclusion

References

Storm Preparedness: A Case Study of Delaware County, Indiana

1 Introduction

2 Objective

3 Methods

4 Results

5 Conclusions

References

Research on the Quality and Level of Urbanization in the Baoshan District, Shanghai

1 Introduction

2 The Evaluation of the Level of Urbanization in Baoshan

3 The Evaluation of the Quality of Urbanization in Baoshan

3.1 The Weight Calculation of Indexes

3.2 The Evaluation of the Quality of Urbanization Development

4 Conclusions

References

The “Policy-Projects Districts´´ Model of New Urban Area Development in China and Its Analysis

1 Introduction

2 The PPD Mode of Large-Scale New Urban Area Development in the Chinese Context

3 The PPD Mode´s Core Mechanism Model

4 The PPD Model´s Scenarios and Its Explanation for the Evolution of Historical Practices

5 Conclusion

References

A Study on Transportation Space Improvement and Adaptation in Old Downtown Area of Middle and Small

1 Concepts and Contents

1.1 Traffic Space

1.2 Adaptation

2 Issue Analysis

3 Cases Study and Improvement Measures

3.1 The Functional Strategies

3.2 Road System Strategies

3.3 Transport Strategies

3.4 Public Transport and Slow Traffic Strategy

3.5 Parking Systems Strategies

3.6 Intelligent Traffic Management Strategies

3.7 Policy Guidance and Introducing Funding Strategies

4 Adjustable Utilization Research

4.1 The Adaptation of Ideas

4.2 The Adaptation of Functions

4.3 The Adjustment of Space

4.4 The Adjustment of Developing

5 Conclusion

Constructure and Update of Point of Interest (POI) in Urban Open Space

1 Introduction

2 Concept of POI of Urban Open Space

2.1 Interest

2.1.1 About Interest

2.1.2 Characteristics of Interest

2.2 POI of Urban Open Space

2.2.1 Deconstruction of Urban Open Space Environment

2.2.2 Concept of POI of Urban Open Space

2.2.3 Characteristics of POI

2.3 Element of POI in Urban Open Space

2.3.1 Active Body

2.3.2 Active Events

2.3.3 Active Place

3 Construction of POI in Urban Park

3.1 Public: Active Body

3.1.1 Comfort Requirement

3.1.2 Safety Requirement

3.1.3 Personal Space Requirement

3.1.4 Participation Requirement

3.2 Activities: Soul of POI

3.2.1 Content of Activities

3.2.2 Time of Activities

3.3 Location: Basics of POI

3.3.1 Accessibility

3.3.2 Environmental Conditions

3.3.3 Landscape Sequence Planning

3.3.4 Scale of Space

3.3.5 Infrastructure

4 Case Study of Water Park in Tianjin, China

4.1 Introduction

4.2 POI in the Park

4.3 Usage Ratio of the Landscape Nodes

4.4 Analysis of POI in Water Park

4.4.1 People Do Not Care About the Location

4.4.2 Environment Effect the Activities

4.4.3 Activities Occupy Other´s Space

4.4.4 Less Space for Some Activities

4.4.5 Lack of Inside Corner Space

5 Conclusions

5.1 To Meet the Needs of the Public, to Create a User-Friendly Space

5.2 Increasing the Experience of Activities to Attract Public Participation

5.3 Refined the Open Space, Form the Positive Space

5.4 Enhance the Charm of the Place

References

Comparison of Two Approaches for Evacuation Plan with Multiple Exits

1 Introduction

2 Background

2.1 The Staged Evacuation Algorithm

2.2 Scheduling Algorithm

3 Methodology

3.1 Virtual Node Approach

3.2 Optimal Allocation Approach

4 Experiment and Results

5 Conclusion

References

Study of Urban Patterns Optimization Employing CFD Method: A Case Study of Chenjiazhen Experimental

1 Urban Patterns and Wind Environment Introduction

2 Urban Wind Environment Research and Application Methods Introduction

2.1 Urban Wind Environment Evaluation Methods

2.2 International and Domestic Urban Wind Environment Overview

3 Case Study

3.1 Chenjiazhen Experimental Ecological Community Introduction

3.2 Chenjiazhen Experimental Ecological Community Wind Environment Simulation Analysis Method

3.3 Chenjiazhen Experimental Ecological Community Wind Environment Simulation Results

3.4 Optimize Community Patterns Based on Wind Environmental Analysis

3.5 Energy Savings Analysis of Morphological Optimization

4 Conclusion

References

Assessing Public-Sector Transportation Finance and Planning in Urban China

1 Introduction

2 Transportation Institutions in the Planning Economy

3 Transportation Challenges Under Fiscal Decentralization

3.1 Toll Collection and Public Trust

Case 1: Airport Expressway in Beijing

3.2 Challenges for Multi-City System Integration

Case 2: Road Connectivity in Guangzhou and Foshan

3.3 Challenges in Urban-Rural Integration

Case 3: Under-Supplied Transit Services in Panyu

3.4 Challenges for Multi-mode System Integration

4 Transportation Supply Through Institutional Innovation

Case 4: The Shenzhen Experience

5 Innovating Transportation Finance

Case 5: The Hainan Experience

6 Envisioning a New Era of Transportation Investment and Planning

7 Conclusions

References

Rational Traffic Dispersion

1 Introduction

2 Scheme

2.1 Background of the Scheme

2.1.1 The Gather and Distribution of Units Get In and Out Along This Line Affects Overall Traffic Be

2.1.2 Problems Arise in the Communication of the Inside and Outside of the Ancient City

2.1.3 Passageway for Bus Is Affected

2.2 Scheme Configuration

3 Investigation of Implementations

3.1 Analysis of Traffic Benefit

3.2 Empirical Investigation

4 Suggestion and Prospect

4.1 Suggestion

4.1.1 Adjust Land Use and Reduce Openings in Arteries

4.1.2 Optimize Public Transportation and Enrich Traffic Patterns

4.1.3 Adjust the Setting of One-Way Street and Perfect Traffic Microcirculatory System

4.1.4 Improve Supporting Facilities and Follow up Management of “No Left Turn´´

4.2 Prospect

References

Problems and Redevelopment Strategy for Old Industrial Area

1 Problem Statement: A Specific Development Strategy for Old Industrial Area?

2 Reorientation of an Industrial Area Against Rapid Urban Development

2.1 Site Profile

2.2 Transformation of General Condition

2.3 Role Transformation: From Urban Periphery to City Corridor

3 Site Investigation for Specific Development Strategy

3.1 Special Institutional Framework

3.2 Example: Stakeholder Structure in the Accident Site

3.3 Zone of Transition with a Community Development

3.3.1 Residential Facilities

3.3.2 Working Facilities

3.3.3 Service Facilities

3.3.4 Technical Facilities

4 Conclusion

References

Analysis of the Planning Mode of Resilient Urban Space Structure

1 Introduction

2 Resilient Space Structure Is Proposed

3 The Basic Attribute of Resilient Urban Spatial Structure Mode

3.1 The Ecology of the Resilient Urban Spatial Structure Mode

3.2 The Growth of the Resilient Urban Spatial Structure Mode

3.3 The Economy of the Resilient Urban Spatial Structure Mode

3.4 The Coordination of the Resilient Urban Spatial Structure Mode

4 Resilient Overall Urban Spatial Structure Mode Is Proposed

5 The Elements Resolution of Resilient Overall Urban Spatial Structure Mode

5.1 Public Center: “Ownerless-Center and Balanced´´ Mode or “Main-Center and Hierarchical´´ Mo

5.1.1 Building the “Ownerless-Center and Balanced´´ Multi-center Structure Mode

5.1.2 Building the “Main-Center and Hierarchical´´ Multi-center Structure Mode

5.2 Functional Space: Compact-Group Structure and Diversity-Composite Layout

5.2.1 The Structure of Compact and Group-Style

5.2.2 The Layout of Diversity and Composite

5.3 Road Traffic: Composite Network and Public Transport-Oriented

5.3.1 Building the Fast Complex Network of Road Traffic Structure

5.3.2 Persisting in the Road Traffic Mode of Public Transport-Oriented

5.4 Ecological Space: The Combination of Artificial Landscape, Natural Landscape, and Multi-factor I

5.4.1 The Combination of the Artificial and Natural Environments

5.4.2 The “Green Center, Green Belt, Green Wedge´´ Multi-factor Integration Development, Etc.

6 Summary

References

The Impact of Building Control on Urban Planning and Building Management in Hong Kong

1 Introduction

2 A Brief Review of Building Control Evolution in Hong Kong

2.1 Division of Time Phases of Building Control Evolution History

2.2 Abstracts and Characteristics of Buildings Control in Each Phase

2.2.1 Building Control Closely Relate to Public Health (1841-1934)

2.2.2 Building Control Basically Self-Contained (1935-1954)

2.2.3 Building Control Overhaul and Supplement (1955-1971)

2.2.4 Building Control System Mainly Finalized (1969-1989)

2.2.5 Building Control System Gradually Amended (1990-1997)

3 The Framework and Supervision Institution of Building Control System

3.1 The Framework of Building Control System

3.2 The Supervision Institution of Building Control System

4 The Impact of Building Control on Urban Planning

4.1 Evolution of Commercial Buildings Zoning: Urban Density of Central Praya in Hong Kong

4.2 Comparison of Private Housing Zoning: Urban Morphological Unit in Different Historical Period

5 Conclusions

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Tags: Xueming Chen, Qisheng Pan, Building Resilient, The Nexus