Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies for Coastal Communities 1st Edition by Walter Leal Filho 3319707027 9783319707020

1 “We’re not Refugees, We’ll Stay Here Until We Die!”—Climate Change Adaptation and Migrat

Abstract

Introduction: Geographic, Demographic and Climate Change Issues

Rationale for and Intended Contribution of This Research

Research Design, Methodology, and Data Collection

Data Analytical Strategy

Results and Key Findings

Discussion of Core Issues: “We’re not Refugees”

Research Limitations and Opportunities for Future Research

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

2 Sustainable Small-scale Mariculture Ventures as a Comparative Climate Friendly Livelihood Alternat

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Sponge Farming

Coral Farming

Giant Clams

Limitations

Results

Income and Time Commitment

Socioeconomic Data

Discussion

Best Practices

Conclusions and Future Prospects

Acknowledgements

References

3 Planning and Urban Informality—Addressing Inclusiveness for Climate Resilience in the Pacific

Abstract

Problem

Purpose

Method

Extent and Nature of Urbanization in the Pacific Island Region

Increasing Vulnerability, Location Priorities and Planning Responses

Entry Points for Breaking the Cycle of Deterioration

Approaches for Addressing Urban Informality

Better Understanding of Location Specific Climate Risk

Smarter Use of Spatial Planning Instruments to Guide Land Development

Address Administrative and Regulatory Bottlenecks in Accessing Land

Promote the Use of Prescriptive not Proscriptive Development Consent Approaches

Promote ‘Making-Room on Safe Lands’ Urban Planning Rather Than ‘Containment’ Planning

Involuntary Retreat and Relocation Should only be Used as a Last Resort

Conclusion

Reference

4 At the Frontline of Climate Change: Adaptation, Limitations and Way Forward for the South Pacific

Abstract

Introduction

Methodology

Results/Discussion

Climate Change Capacity-Building, Awareness and Training

Water Resource Management

Disaster Risk Reduction

Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Induced Relocation

Food Security and Agriculture

Limitations

Recommendations and Way Forward

Conclusion

References

5 Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Climate Change Resilience of Coastal Communities in Yap

Abstract

Introduction

Yap’s Geography

High Islands of Weathered Volcanic Breccia and Metamorphic Rocks—Yap Proper

High Limestone Island

Atolls and Reef Islands

Climate Variability and Change in the Western Tropical Pacific

Vulnerability of Yap’s Coasts and Coastal Agriculture

Migration as an Adaptation Strategy

The Climate Adaptive Agriculture and Resilience (CAAR) Project

Soil Management

Water Conservation and Management

Livelihood Enhancement

Discussion

Outcomes and Challenges

Conclusion

Future Prospects

Acknowledgements

References

6 Capacity Development and TVET: Accredited Qualifications for Improving Resilience of Coastal Commu

Abstract

Introduction

TVET and Development

Qualification Frameworks

Qualifications and Quality Assurance

The Pacific Regional Federation for Resilience Professionals (PRFRP)

EU PacTVET Project

Context

Certificate 1 in Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction—Overview

CCDRR: A Mechanism to Address Climate Change Impacts for Coastal Communities in Vanuatu

Vanuatu Quality Assurance Framework (VQAF)

Conclusion

References

7 An Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Fishermen and Adaption Strategies in Central Region, Gh

Abstract

Introduction

Study Objectives

Method

Results and Discussion

Background Characteristics of Respondents

Effect of Climate Change on Fishing and Fishermen

Adaptation Strategies Adopted by the Fishermen

Challenges in Adapting to Climate Change Effects

Conclusion

References

8 Retreat or Rebuild: Exploring Geographic Retreat in Humanitarian Practices in Coastal Communities

Abstract

Introduction

Methodology

Relocation as an Imperfect Substitution

Superimposing Humanitarian Institutions

Case Studies: Japan and the Philippines

Conclusions

References

9 “God and Tonga Are My Inheritance!”—Climate Change Impact on Perceived Spritiuality, Adaptat

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Methodology

Data Analysis Strategy

Study Limitations

Results

Quantitative Analysis and Results

Qualitative Analysis and Results

Themes that Emerged in Interviews and FGD

Discussion

Perceived Impact of Climate Change on Spirituality and Spiritual Adaptation for Five Coastal Areas a

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

10 Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA) for Coastal Resilience Against Water Related Disasters in Bangla

Abstract

Introduction

Vulnerability of Coastal Social-Ecological System in Bangladesh

Building Resilience Through EbA in Coastal Bangladesh

Mangrove Afforestation and Restoration in South-Central Coast

Sundarbans Mangrove Protection in South-Western Coast

Tropical Evergreen Forest Restoration in South-Eastern Coast

Wetland Restoration in South-Western Coast

Ecosystem-Based Climate Smart Agriculture and Aquaculture

Challenges to Adoption of EbAs for Coastal Resilience

Bio-Physical Factors

Socio-Economic Factors

Institutional and Governance Factors

Technological Factors

Conclusions

References

Case Studies on Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Areas

11 Black Pearl Farming as an Adaptation to Coastal Climate Change

Abstract

Introduction

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation on Namdrik

Methods

Pearl Farming on Namdrik and RMI

Limitations of the Work

Discussion

Outmigration

Pearl Farming as an Adaptation and Means of Community Development

Addressing Challenges

Conclusion

References

12 Reviving Traditional Croplands to Improve Community Climate Resilience

Abstract

Introduction

Palau and Climate Change

Palau’s Agriculture and Climate Change

Mesei and Taro Cultivation

Changing Demographics and Urbanization

Traditional Soil Conservation

The Resulting Crisis

Project Background

Project Goal

Project Components

Activity Narrative

Conclusion

References

13 Coping with Future Coastal Floods in Denmark—Advancing the Use of Global Frameworks

Abstract

Introduction

Denmark—Geographical Setting

Background

Definitions

Prior Work

Flood Risk Management in Denmark

Methods

Results

Interview Results—Informant 1

Interview Results—Informant 2

Reporting on the Hyogo Framework for Action

Discussion

International Frameworks and Standards

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

14 Local Knowledge Co-production, Emergent Climate Adaptation Publics and Regional Experimentalist G

Abstract

Introduction

Theoretical Background

Local and Regional Adaptation Governance

Local Knowledge

Climate Adaptation Publics

Case Study Context

Climate Change Decision-Making in New Brunswick

Case Study Description

Case Study Methods

Results and Discussion

Climate Impacts, Maps, and Social Imaginaries of the Future

The Emergence of Climate Adaptation Publics

Governance Implications

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

15 Economic Resiliency and Food Security in the Marshall Islands Through Polydactylus sexfilis Aquac

Abstract

Introduction

Marshall Islands and Climate Change

Polydactylus sexfilis Aquaculture

The RMI Aquaculture Fisheries Project

Methods

Staff Recruitment and Development

Hatchery/Nursery

Open-Ocean Cage Grow-Out

Feed Production

Limitations

Results

Sustainable Exports

Sustainable Local Production and Employment

Local Agricultural Inputs

Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

16 Advantages and Challenges of Participatory Management of Customary Coastal Areas in the French Is

Abstract

Introduction

French Southwest Pacific Territories

Broad Physical Features

Population Figures and the Different Legal Frameworks

National Rules

Contributions from National and European Initiatives

IFRECOR National Action Plan (French Coral Reef Initiative) 2016-2021

Integre Litto-Ouvea Programme Driven by Spc Overview

Field Operations

Discussion

Conclusion and Prospects

References

17 Courts as Decision-Makers on Sea Level Rise Adaptation Measures: Lessons from New Zealand

Abstract

Introduction

New Zealand Decision-Making on Sea Level Rise Adaptation Measures

Statutory Framework

New Zealand Courts as Decision Makers

Houses in Coastal Inundation Zones: Voluntary Assumption of Risk

A Hemi v Waikato District Council

B Otago Regional Council v Dunedin City Council & B S & R G Holt

Analysis

Challenges to Planning and Policy Measures Post-2010: Varied Results

A Weir v Kapiti Coast District Council

B Gallagher v Tasman District Council

Analysis

Conclusion

Appendix 1: The Hemi House Site

Appendix 2: The Holt House Site

Appendix 3: The Weir SLR Lines

References

18 Mapping of Benthic Habitats in Komave, Coral Coast Using WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery

Abstract

Introduction

Habitat Description

Scientific Questions

Methods

Study Site

Supervised Classification and Accuracy Assessment

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

Application and Future Work

Acknowledgements

References

19 Exploring the Practicability and Applicability of Payment for Ecosystem Services in the Protectio

Abstract

Introduction

Rationale

Study Limitations

Study Objectives

Methodology

Results

Water Testing

Implications of Poor Surface Water Quality

Key Informant Views

Other Variables

Conclusion

References

20 Predicting True Climate Change Risks and Opportunities in the Cook Islands: How Vulnerable Are Pa

Abstract

Introduction, Climate Change and Pacific Maritime Supply Chain Overview

How Existing Risk Management Methods Fail for Climate Change Risks on Maritime Supply Chains and Pro

Climate Change Risk Identification and Perception Survey Results for a Pacific MSC’

Predicting Climate Change Risks for a Pacific Maritime Supply Chains: The Cook Islands Risk-Vulnerab

Cook Islands Climateproofing Adaptation Strategies

Conclusions, Policy and Theoretical Significance for Stakeholders and Directions for Future Research

References

21 Climate Change and Integrated Coastal Management: Risk Perception and Vulnerability in the Luanda

Abstract

Introduction

Study Area

Location of the Municipality of Luanda

Climate

Methodology

Results and Discussion

Political Decisions Makers

NGOs

Conclusions

References

Legislation

22 A Psychological Model of Climate Change Adaptation: Influence of Resource Loss, Posttraumatic Gro

Abstract

Introduction

Climate Change Risk Perception Models

Present Study: Climate Change Adaptation/Behavioral Intentions to Prevent Climate Change

Method

Participants

Assessment Instruments

Procedure

Results

Model Building Data Analytic Plan and Procedures

Predicting Climate Change Risk Perceptions and Behavioral Intentions: A Path Model

Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

23 ‘Yakasisi’ in Planning for a More Sustainable Future of Coastal Communities Impacted by Clima

Abstract

Background

Methodology

Gender Evaluation

Activities

Video Filming and Production

Video Response

Respect for Elders’ Guidance and Decisions Based on Their Understanding of Changes They Have Coped

Respect for Their Customary Ecological Knowledge

Respect for the Environment

Next Steps

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

24 Limits and Barriers to Transformation: A Case Study of April Ridge Relocation Initiative, East Ho

Abstract

Introduction

Limits and Barriers to Long Term Adaptation

Case Study Sites

Data Gathering

Methods

Results and Discussion

Natural Limits

Technological Barriers

Economic Barriers

Social Barriers

Formal Institutional Barriers

Land Tenure System

Cultural Barriers

Conclusion

Policy Implications

Acknowledgements

References

25 Impacts of Climate Change in Coastal Areas: Lessons Learned and Experiences

Abstract

Introduction

Impacts of Climate Change in Coastal Areas: An Overview

Impacts in Some Countries

Adaptation and Mitigation Responses in Coastal Areas

Conclusions