Comorbidities in Headache Disorders 1st Edition by Maria Adele Giamberardino, Paola Martelletti ISBN 3319414542 9783319414546

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ISBN 10: 3319414542 
ISBN 13: 9783319414546
Author: Maria Adele Giamberardino, Paola Martelletti

This book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of the comorbidities that are associated with the headache disorders commonly seen in the primary care and hospital settings, including migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache. The coverage is wide ranging and encompasses all of the well-established comorbidities: cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, psychiatric conditions, epilepsy, sleep disorders, and various pain disorders, such as visceral pain, fibromyalgia, orofacial pain, and neuropathic pain. Individual chapters are also devoted to obesity and other metabolic comorbidities and to the comorbidities associated specifically with pediatric headaches. The information provided will assist readers in understanding the complex relationships between headache disorders and these various conditions and in delivering effective care that reflects the latest knowledge. The book is designed to meet the daily practice needs of general physicians, general neurologists, clinical psychologists, neurologists in training, and medical students. It is published as part of the series Headache, which is endorsed by the European Headache Federation – EHF.

Comorbidities in Headache Disorders 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Cardio-cerebrovascular Comorbidity

1.1 Epidemiological Evidence

1.1.1 Migraine and Ischemic Stroke

1.1.2 Migraine and Hemorrhagic Stroke

1.1.3 Migraine and Cardiac Vascular Diseases

1.1.4 Migraine and Vascular Abnormalities at Brain Neuroimaging

1.2 Monogenic Diseases with Migraine and Stroke

1.3 Mechanisms Linking Migraine to Cardiovascular Diseases

1.4 Implications for Clinicians

1.5 Gaps and Future Research

References

Chapter 2: Psychiatric Comorbidity in Migraine and Chronic Headache

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Psychiatric Comorbidities Associated with Migraine: Major Depression

2.3 Bipolar Disorders and Migraine

2.4 Anxiety Disorders and Migraine

2.5 Impulsivity, Aggression, and Migraine

2.6 Stress and Migraine

2.7 Stress, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and Migraine

2.8 Sleeping Disorders and Migraine

2.9 Substance Abuse and Migraine

2.10 Suicidality and Migraine

2.11 The Importance of Screening Instruments in the Detection of Psychiatric Comorbidity

2.12 Discussion

2.13 Conclusive Remarks and Future Perspectives

References

Chapter 3: Epilepsy Comorbidity

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Prevalence of Epilepsy in People with Migraine

3.3 Prevalence of Headache in Epileptic Patients

3.3.1 Temporal Relationship of Headache with Seizures

3.4 Classification Concerns and Some Definition Proposals

3.5 Mechanisms Underlying Epilepsy and Migraine Comorbidity

3.6 Genetic Aspects of the Migraine-Epilepsy Comorbidity

3.7 Therapeutic Implications

3.8 Clinical and Instrumental Assessment

3.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 4: Visceral Pain Comorbidity in Headache

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Visceral Pain: Clinical Features and Pathophysiology

4.3 Cardiovascular Pain and Headache

4.4 Gastrointestinal Pain and Headache

4.4.1 Headache Conditions Associated with Gastrointestinal Pain Symptoms

4.4.2 Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases and Headache

4.5 Urinary Pain and Headache

4.5.1 Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome and Migraine

4.6 Pain from the Reproductive Organs and Headache

4.7 Visceral Pain and Headache: More Than a Simple Co-occurrence

4.8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 5: Fibromyalgia

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia

5.3 Prevalence of Fibromyalgia in Primary Headache

5.4 Clinical Features of Headache Patients with FM Comorbidity

5.5 Pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia Comorbidity

5.6 Possible Therapeutic Approach to Migraine and Tension-­Type Headache Patients with FM Comorbi

5.7 Final Remarks

References

Chapter 6: Sleep Disorders Comorbidity

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Pathophysiological Aspects

6.2.1 Common Anatomical Pathways

6.2.2 Shared Neurotransmitters

6.2.3 Genetic Mechanism

6.2.4 Chronobiological Mechanisms

6.2.5 Induced by Common Behavioral Dysfunctions

6.2.6 Early Life Dysfunctions

6.2.7 Sleep as a Headache Trigger

6.2.8 Bidirectional Impact

6.2.9 Headaches and Sleep Disorders

6.2.9.1 Insomnia and Headache

6.2.9.2 Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS)

6.2.9.3 Restless Legs Syndrome

6.2.9.4 Periodic Limb Movements

6.2.9.5 Narcolepsy

6.2.9.6 Nocturnal Enuresis

6.3 Specific Sleep Disturbances in Children

6.3.1 Colic

6.4 Polysomnographic Studies in Headaches

6.4.1 Migraine

6.4.2 Cluster Headache and Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania

6.4.3 Hypnic Headache Syndrome

6.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: Obesity and Headache

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Epidemiology of Primary Headache Disorders

7.3 Epidemiology of Obesity

7.4 The Epidemiological Association Between Obesity and Headache Disorders

7.4.1 General Population Studies Evaluating Obesity and Headache in General

7.4.2 General Population Studies Evaluating Obesity and Migraine

7.4.3 General Population Studies Evaluating Obesity and Chronic Migraine

7.4.4 General Population Studies Evaluating Obesity and Tension-Type Headache (TTH)

7.5 Central and Peripheral Associations Between Migraine and Obesity

7.5.1 Central Regulation of Feeding and Its Overlap with Migraine Pathophysiology

7.5.1.1 Serotonin

7.5.1.2 Orexin

7.5.1.3 Adipocytokines

7.5.1.4 Adiponectin

7.5.1.5 Leptin

7.5.2 Peripheral Regulation of Adiposity and Its Overlap with Migraine Pathophysiology

7.6 Treatment Considerations for Obese Headache Patients

7.6.1 Nonsurgical Weight Loss Strategies in Obese Headache Patients

7.6.2 Surgical Weight Loss in Obese Headache Patients

7.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 8: Comorbidity in Paediatric Headaches

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Asthma and Atopic Disorders

8.3 Cardiovascular Disease

8.4 Stroke

8.5 Epilepsy

8.6 Obesity

8.7 Sleep Disorders

8.8 Learning Disabilities

8.9 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

8.10 Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

8.11 Depression and Anxiety Disorders

8.12 Conclusions

References

Chapter 9: Temporomandibular Disorder Comorbidity

9.1 Overview of Clinical Classifications of TMD and Headache

9.2 Basic Pain Mechanisms

9.2.1 Peripheral Sensitization

9.2.2 Central Sensitization

9.3 Endogenous Pain Modulatory Systems

9.4 Genetics

9.5 Clinical Evidence of Comorbidity Between TMD and Headaches

9.6 Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Chapter 10: Orofacial Pain Comorbidity

10.1 Trigeminal Neuralgia

10.1.1 Epidemiological Studies

10.1.2 Multiple Sclerosis

10.1.3 Hypertension, Cardiovascular

10.1.4 Headaches, Other Facial Pain

10.1.5 Psychological Disturbances

10.1.6 Conclusion

10.2 Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain

10.2.1 Psychological Disturbances

10.2.2 Sleep Disorders

10.3 Burning Mouth Syndrome

10.3.1 Psychological Disturbances

10.3.2 Sleep Disorders

10.4 Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

References

Chapter 11: Myofascial Trigger Points Comorbidity in Headache

11.1 Migraine Headache Myofascial Comorbidities

11.1.1 Myofascial Trigger Points (TrPs)

11.1.2 Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, Trigger Points and Migraine

11.1.3 Otalgia

11.1.4 Fibromyalgia Syndrome

11.1.5 Sleep Disorders

11.1.6 Hypermobility Syndromes

11.2 Trigger Point Comorbidity in Temporomandibular Disorders

11.3 Trigger Points in Tension-Type Headache

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