Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation 1st Edition by Mathieu, Pierre Philippe Mathieu, Christoph Aubrecht 3319880705 978-3319880709

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ISBN10: 3319880705

ISBN13: 978-3319880709
Author: Mathieu, Pierre-Philippe Mathieu, Christoph Aubrecht

This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Over  the  past  decades,  rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such  as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the  way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites.

This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. Inaddition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites

Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation 1st Table of contents:

Part I Join the Geo Revolution

The Changing Landscape of Geospatial Information Markets

Introduction

Rise of the Platforms

Data as a Service

Open Data Policies

New Business Models

Sensor Use Growing

Crowdsourcing

Disruptive Innovation

Cloud Computing

Business Models in Cloud Computing

Microsoft Azure

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Google Cloud Platform

Conclusion

References

The Digital Transformation of Education

Case Study: How the World Bank Group’s Open Learning Campus is Partnering with Earth Observation Satellite Data to Enrich the Learning Experience

Learning as an Accelerator to Achieve Development Goals

Progress of the OLC so Far

Flexible Pathways to Learning

Increasing Importance of Geospatial Data

Examples of How the OLC is Incorporating Spatial Data

Issues Relevant to This Experience for the Earth Observation Community

Case Study Conclusion

References

The Open Science Commons for the European Research Area

Creating the European Research Area: The “Open” Approach

Problems to Solve

Lack and/or Incomplete Roadmaps for Research- and e-Infrastructures

Fragmented Solutions and Policies for Access to Data and Knowledge

Insufficient Cooperation Between Public and Private Sector

Lack of National and European Organization Between All Stakeholders

Many Providers Without a Single Market

The Open Science Commons

The European Open Science Cloud

Open Science Commons for the EOSC

EOSC Architecture and Services

Realizing a Federated Approach to Research Data

Offering of Scalable Access to and Analysis of Research Data for Reuse

Integrating (Shared) Tools and Applications

Provisioning of Services for Depositing Data for Resource-Bound Users

EOSC Service Integration and Management.

EOSC Governance

EOSC and the e-Infrastructure Commons

The EGI Blueprint

Core Infrastructure Platform

Collaborative Platform

The EGI Federated Cloud

The Data Hub and the Open Data Platform

EO Data Exploitation via the e-Infrastructures and EOSC

Infrastructure Services for EO Data Exploitation

An Example: e-Infrastructure Services to Implement the ESA Generic Exploitation Platform Open Architecture

An Example: Integration of the Geohazard Exploitation Platform Within the EGI Infrastructure

Conclusions

References

Citizen Science for Observing and Understanding the Earth

Introduction

Societal and Technological Trends

Citizen Science Today: Main Areas of Activity

Citizen Science Across Domains: Long-Running Citizen Science

The Impact of Technology: Citizen Cyberscience

Depth of Participation: Community Science

Citizen Science and Earth Observation: Technical, Societal, Ethical and Policy Aspects

Technical Aspects

Societal and Ethical Aspects

Citizen Science Integration into Policy

Conclusions

References

Part II Enabling Data Intensive Science

Fostering Cross-Disciplinary Earth Science Through DatacubeAnalytics

Introduction

Standards-Based Modelling of Datacubes

Coverage Data Model

Web Coverage Service

Web Coverage Processing Service

The Role of Standards

Science Data Services

Earth Observation Data Services

Marine Science Data Service

Climate Science Data Service

Planetary Science Data Service

Cross-Service Federation Queries

Datacube Analytics Technology

Array Databases as Datacube Platform

Array Storage

Array Processing

Tool Integration

The Role and Handling of Metadata

Virtual Globes as Datacube Interfaces

Related Work

Conclusion and Outlook

References.

Mind the Gap: Big Data vs. Interoperability and Reproducibility of Science

Introduction: the Big Data Paradox

It’s All in the Framing!

Towards Open (Shared) Knowledge

The GEOSS Case

Big Data Infrastructure Services: The GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) Big Data Strategy

Content Harmonization and Information/Knowledge Generation: The Brokering Framework

The Brokering framework

The DAB

More (Value) knowledge to reduce Volume

From Data to Knowledge: the GEOSS Knowledge Base and High-Performance Data Analytics

The DIKW pattern

The GEOSS Knowledge Base

High-Performance Analytics and GEOSS

Conclusions

References

Cyber-Infrastructure for Data-Intensive Geospatial Computing

Introduction

Settlement Mapping Tool (SMTOOL)

Toolbox for Urban Mobility Simulations (TUMS)

Global Dataset

Framework

OD Tables

Resolution

Unified Network and Population Database

Big Data

Urban Information System (UrbIS)

Leveraging Big Data to Understand Urban Impact on Environment and Climate

Conclusions

References

Machine Learning Applications for Earth Observation

Introduction

What Is Machine Learning?

Some Existing Machine Learning Applications

Machine Learning for Bias Correction and Cross Calibration

Vegetation Indices

Space-Based Measurements of HCl Relevant for Ozone Depletion

HCl and Cly Time Series

Bias Correction of MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth

Data Description

Machine Learning AOD Bias Correction

Machine Learning for New Product Creation

Airborne Particulates

Tracer Correlations

Reconstructing CH4-N2O Correlations

Pollen Estimation

Predicting Pollen Abundance

Using Machine Learning for Ocean Data Products

Dust Source Identification Using Unsupervised Classification

Bolivia and Chile Salt Flats Dust Event.

Bodélé Depression Dust Event

Characterizing Pelagic Habitats Within Coastal Waters

Fish Catch and SOM Classes

Some Likely Future Machine Learning Applications

Hyper-Spectral Imaging and Machine Learning for Real Time Embedded Processing and Decision Support

Oil Spills

Summary

References

New Generation Platforms for Exploration of CrowdsourcedGeo-Data

Introduction

Virtual Globes as the New Generation Visualization Platforms

Virtual Globes for the Exploration of Crowdsourced Geo-Data

Applications

PoliCrowd

Open Data Kit (ODK)

NASA World Wind Java SDK

System Architecture

Overview of Functionalities

Telecommunication Data Viewer

The netCDF Data Format

EST-WA: A Multidimensional Data Viewer

Application of EST-WA to Explore Geo-Crowdsourced Data

Conclusions

References

Part III Use Cases Open Science and Innovation

Mapping Land Use Dynamics Using the Collective Powerof the Crowd

Concept and Context

The Collective Power of the Crowd

VGDI Access and Integration: The Foursquare Use Case

What Is Next and Where Are We Headed?

References

The Emergence of the GeoSharing Economy

GeoSharing Platform Requirements

Technical Access

Commercial and Legal Access

Reference

Sustainable Agriculture and Smart Farming

Multi-Year Site-Characterization of Fields Using Advanced Data Harvesting Techniques

Up-to-Date Crop Status Using Access to Satellite Data in Near-Real-Time

Conclusions and Outlook

References

Earth Observation Data for Enterprise Business Applications

Development of an Earth Observation Cloud Platform in Support to Water Resources Monitoring

Introduction

EODC: The Earth Observation Data Centre for Water Resources Management

Pilot Services

Closing Remarks

References

Putting Big Data Innovation into Action for Development.

Tracking Light from the Sky: Monitoring Rural Electrification from Space

Tracking Poverty from Space

Satellite-Based Yield Measurement

Conclusion

Mapping Floods and Assessing Flood Vulnerability for Disaster Decision-Making: A Case Study Remote Sensing Applicationin Senegal

Introduction

Why Senegal? An Example of the Critical Information Gap in Disaster Management

Socio-Physical Vulnerability to Flooding to Senegal

Using Big Data Information in Disaster Management

The Future of This Approach Globally and Locally as a Practical Tool

Conclusion

References

Earth Observation and Geospatial Implementation: Fueling Innovation in a Changing World

Earth Observation Scientific Data Access, Discovery, and Challenges

How Are Maps and Earth Observation Data Transforming Our World?

Delivering Geospatial Data and Information Products with Web GIS

Esri and Big Data

Notable Solutions and Capabilities

Conclusion

References

Artificial Intelligence and Earth Observation to Explore Water Quality in the Wadden Sea

Introduction

Inductive Learning

Data Description

Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

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Innovation 1st Edition,Earth Observation Open Science,Christoph Aubrecht,Mathieu,Pierre Philippe Mathieu