Electing the Pope in early modern Italy 1450 1700 1st Edition by Miles Pattenden ISBN 0192517996 9780192517999

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ISBN 10:    0192517996
ISBN 13: 978-0192517999
Author:      Miles Pattenden

Electing the Pope in Early Modern Italy, 1450-1700 offers a radical reassessment of the history of early modern papacy, constructed through the first major analytical treatment of papal elections in English. Papal elections, with their ceremonial pomp and high drama, are compelling theater, but, until now, no one has analyzed them on the basis of the problems they created for cardinals: how were they to agree rules and enforce them? How should they manage the interregnum? How did they decide for whom to vote? How was the new pope to assert himself over a group of men who, until just moments before, had been his equals and peers?
This study traces how the cardinals’ responses to these problems evolved over the period from Martin V’s return to Rome in 1420 to Pius VI’s departure from it in 1798, placing them in the context of the papacy’s wider institutional developments. Miles Pattenden argues not only that the elective nature of the papal office was crucial to how papal history unfolded but also that the cardinals of the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries present us with a unique case study for observing the approaches to decision-making and problem-solving within an elite political group.

Electing the Pope in early modern Italy, 1450-1700 1st Table of contents:

1. Introduction

• The introduction likely sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of the papal election process, emphasizing the roles of cardinals, the Vatican, and the historical development of these practices.

2. The Pope and His Electors

• The Concept of a Cardinal: This chapter discusses the role and importance of cardinals within the Church, as well as their function as electors of the Pope.
• Cardinals and the Pope: Explores the relationship between the cardinals and the Pope, including their power dynamics and responsibilities.
• Cardinals and Their Families: Examines the familial connections of cardinals, their influence, and how this may affect their roles in papal elections.
• Cardinals and the Catholic Faith: A look at how the cardinals’ roles tie into the religious and spiritual duties of the Catholic faith.
• Cardinals and Secular Powers: Discusses how cardinals interact with secular powers, potentially influencing or being influenced by political forces outside the Church.

3. Methods of Election

• Devising the Rules: This section addresses the development of the rules governing papal elections, possibly from historical, theological, or political perspectives.
• Implementing the Rules: Examines how these rules are put into practice during a papal election.
• Enforcing the Rules: Focuses on how the rules are upheld and the mechanisms in place to ensure fair elections.
• Popular Criticism and Reform: Looks at the public’s reaction to the election process and any calls for reform.
• Gregory XV and ‘Conclave Reform’: Discusses the reform efforts of Pope Gregory XV, particularly related to the conclave (the meeting of cardinals to elect a new Pope).

4. The Vacant See

• The Pope Dies: Describes the immediate aftermath of the Pope’s death, including the procedural steps taken to manage the transition.
• Reconfiguring Authority: Focuses on the shift in authority after the death of a Pope, exploring the balance of power during the vacancy.
• Implementing Authority: Describes how authority is exercised and maintained during the papal interregnum (the period between the death of one pope and the election of another).
• Enforcing Authority: Explores how the mechanisms of power are enforced during this time of uncertainty.
• Wider Effects: Looks at the broader political, religious, and social impacts of a vacant papal seat.

5. Choosing Candidates

• The Importance of Information: Highlights how the collection and dissemination of information is crucial in the selection of a new Pope.
• Obtaining Information: Discusses the various methods through which cardinals acquire knowledge about potential candidates.
• Assessing Information: Examines the process by which this information is assessed and evaluated.
• Acting on Knowledge: Describes how cardinals act upon the information they gather to make an informed decision.
• The Results of Action: Analyzes the outcomes of these decisions and how the election process unfolds.

6. The New Pope

• The Pope Elect: Discusses the new pope once elected, examining the significance of his position.
• Visualizing Authority: Focuses on how the authority of the new Pope is established and symbolized.
• Patronage and Nepotism: Explores the role of patronage and nepotism under the new pope, which may include granting favors or positions to family members or allies.
• Coercion: Examines the potential use of coercive tactics in papal politics, either during the election or in governance.
• The Effects of Papal Power: Discusses the long-term effects of the newly elected pope’s decisions and power on the Church and the broader world.

7. Papal Government

• Venality: This section addresses corruption or the potential for bribery within the papal administration and its effect on governance.
• Bureaucracy and Legislation: Explores the role of the papal bureaucracy in administering the Church’s policies, laws, and operations.
• Public Debt: Looks at the financial responsibilities of the papacy, including the management of public debt.
• The Decline of Nepotism: Discusses how nepotism within the papacy has evolved or diminished over time.
• Explanations and Effects: Offers an analysis of the causes behind these changes in papal governance and the resulting effects.

8. Conclusion

• The final chapter likely synthesizes the previous discussions, reflecting on the broader implications of the papal election process, the role of cardinals, and the governance of the Church. It may also offer reflections on how the system has changed over time and how it might continue to evolve.

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