Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review Keywords Questions and Answers for the Boards 1st Edition Linda S. Aglio

Section 1 Preoperative care and evaluation

1. Preoperative anesthetic assessment

2. Obstructive and restrictive lung disease

3. Anesthetic goals in patients with myocardial ischemia and heart failure

4. Anesthetic goals in patients with valvular heart disease

5. Obesity

6. Chronic renal failure

7. Liver disease

8. Principles of diabetes mellitus and perioperative glucose control

9. Common blood disorders

10. The elderly patient

11. Neurologic diseases and anesthesia

12. Anesthetic considerations in psychiatric disease

13. Substance abuse and anesthesia

Section 2 Airway management

14. Anatomy of the human airway

15. Airway assessment

16. Perioperative airway management

17. Management of the difficult airway

Section 3 Anesthesia equipment

18. Medical gas supply, vacuum, and scavenging

19. Anesthesia machine

20. Anesthesia ventilators

21. Anesthesia breathing apparatuses

22. Electrical safety

Section 4 Patient monitoring

23. Hemodynamic patient monitoring

24. The electrocardiogram and approach to diagnosis of common abnormalities

25. Pulse oximetry and capnography

26. Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade

27. Thermoregulation and temperature monitoring

28. Neurophysiologic monitoring

29. Intraoperative awareness

Section 5 Inhalation anesthetics

30. Inhalation anesthetics

31. Pharmacokinetics of inhalation agents

32. Pharmacodynamics of inhalation agents

Section 6 Intravenous anesthetics and adjunct drugs

33. Intravenous induction agents

34. Mechanisms of anesthetic actions

35. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous agents

36. Opioids

37. Muscle relaxants

38. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade

39. Perioperative pulmonary aspiration prophylaxis

40. Perioperative antiemetic therapies

41. COX inhibitors and alpha2-adrenergic agonists

42. Diuretics

43. Drug interactions

44. Allergic reactions

Section 7 Pharmacology of local anesthetics

45. Pharmacology of local anesthetics: mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics

46. Clinical applications of local anesthetics

Section 8 Anesthetic techniques

47. Administration of general anesthesia

48. Total intravenous anesthesia

49. Monitored anesthesia care

50. Patient positioning and common nerve injuries

Section 9 Managing the transition from anesthesia

51. Emergence from anesthesia

52. Postoperative complications in the post-anesthesia care unit

53. Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting

54. Cognitive changes after surgery and anesthesia

Section 10 Regional anesthesia

55. Anatomy of the vertebral column and spinal cord

56. Spinal anesthesia

57. Epidural anesthesia

58. Principles of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks

59. Upper extremity nerve blocks

60. Lower extremity nerve blocks

Section 11 Fluid and electrolyte balance

61. Fluid replacement

62. Acid–base balance in anesthesia and intensive care medicine

63. Ion balance

64. Total parenteral nutrition

Section 12 Transfusion medicine

65. Blood products

66. Blood transfusion

67. Massive transfusion

68. Normovolemic hemodilution, perioperative blood salvage, and autologous blood donation

Section 13 Cardiac anesthesia

69. Cardiac physiology

70. Cardiovascular pharmacology

71. Adjunct cardiovascular drugs

72. Coronary artery bypass grafting utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass

73. Off-pump coronary artery bypass

74. Transesophageal echocardiography

75. Pacemakers and automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

76. Ventricular assist devices

77. Anesthetic considerations for surgical repair of the thoracic aorta

78. Cardiac transplantation in the adult

79. Persistent postoperative bleeding in cardiac surgical patients

Section 14 Vascular anesthesia

80. Carotid endarterectomy

81. Abdominal aortic aneurysm

82. Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

83. Peripheral vascular disease

Section 15 Thoracic anesthesia

84. Respiratory physiology

85. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport

86. Lung isolation techniques

87. Anesthetic management for pulmonary resection

88. Lung transplantation for end-stage lung disease

89. Bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy: anesthetic implications

90. Management of mediastinal mass

Section 16 Neuroanesthesia

91. Principles of neurophysiology

92. Cerebral protection

93. Craniotomy

94. Cerebrovascular diseases

95. Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy

Section 17 Anesthesia for renal and urinary tract diseases

96. Renal physiology

97. Urology

98. Kidney and pancreas transplantation

Section 18 Anesthesia for general surgical procedures

99. Anesthesia for intra-abdominal surgery

100. Principles of laparoscopic surgery

101. Principles of anesthesia for esophageal and gastric surgery

102. Principles of anesthesia for breast and gynecologic surgery

103. Anesthesia for liver transplantation

Section 19 Anesthesia for endocrine diseases

104. Thyroid disorders

105. Parathyroid disorders

106. Pheochromocytoma and carcinoid tumors

107. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, diabetes insipidus, and transsphenoidal pituitary surgery

108. Disorders of the adrenal cortex

Section 20 Anesthesia for neuromuscular and collagen disease

109. Malignant hyperthermia

110. Myasthenia gravis

111. Muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy

Section 21 Anesthesia for ocular, ear, and throat diseases

112. Ophthalmic procedures

113. Common otolaryngology procedures

114. Lasers, airway surgery, and operating room fires

Section 22 Anesthesia for orthopedic and trauma surgery

115. Anesthesia for common orthopedic procedures

116. Rheumatoid arthritis and scoliosis

117. Anesthetic management in spine surgery

118. Anesthesia for trauma

Section 23 Obstetric anesthesia

119. Physiologic changes during pregnancy

120. Analgesia for labor

121. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery

122. Obstetric hemorrhage

123. Preeclampsia

124. Pregnant patients with comorbid diseases

125. Anesthesia for fetal intervention

Section 24 Pediatric anesthesia

126. Basic considerations for pediatric anesthesia

127. Preoperative evaluation of the pediatric patient and coexisting diseases

128. Anesthetic considerations for common procedures in children

129. Neonatal surgical emergencies

130. Congenital heart disease

131. Management of postoperative pain in children

132. Neonatal resuscitation: clinical and practical considerations

Section 25 Ambulatory and remote location anesthesia

133. Introduction to ambulatory anesthesia

134. Anesthesia outside the operating room

135. Office-based anesthesia

Section 26 Management aspects of anesthesia practice

136. Patient safety, quality assurance, and risk management

137. Operating room management: core principles

138. Practice management

139. Principles of medical ethics

140. Risks in the operating room

141. Statistics for anesthesiologists and researchers

Section 27 Pain management

142. Neurophysiology of pain

143. Postoperative acute pain management

144. Multidisciplinary approach to chronic pain management

145. Psychological evaluation and management of patients with chronic pain

146. Interventional pain management I: Epidural, sympathetic, and neural blockade procedures

147. Interventional pain management II: Implantable and other invasive therapies

148. Complications associated with interventions in pain medicine

149. Back pain

150. Complex regional pain syndrome

151. Cancer pain

Section 28 Intensive care unit

152. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

153. Multiorgan failure and its prevention

154. Supraventricular arrhythmias

155. Cardiac failure in the intensive care unit

156. Sedation in the surgical intensive care unit

157. Weaning from mechanical ventilation

158. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

159. Nosocomial infections

160. Septic shock and sepsis syndromes

161. Anesthetic management of the brain-dead organ donor

162. Principles of trauma management

163. Venous thromboembolic disease in the critically ill patient

164. Traumatic brain injury

165. Burn management

166. Common ethical issues in the intensive care unit

Section 29 Special topics

167. Bronchopleural fistula

168. Inhaled nitric oxide

169. Skin and collagen disorders

170. Anesthesia for aesthetic surgery

171. Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome

172. Carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning

173. Chemical and biologic warfare agents: an introduction for anesthesiologists

174. Anesthesia for robotic surgery

175. Human immunodeficiency virus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

176. Alternative medicines and anesthesia

177. Anesthesia in high altitudes

178. Medical informatics and information management systems in anesthesia

179. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and prolonged QT interval