Ethics in Science: Ethical Misconduct in Scientific Research 2nd Edition John D’Angelo 1351974645 9781138392441

ISBN 10: 1351974645

ISBN 13: 9781138392441

Author: John D’Angelo

Providing the tools necessary for a robust debate, this fully revised and updated second edition of Ethics in Science: Ethical Misconduct in Scientific Research explains various forms of scientific misconduct. The first part describes a variety of ethical violations, why they occur, how they are handled, and what can be done to prevent them along with a discussion of the peer-review process. The second presents real-life case studies that review the known facts, allowing readers to decide for themselves whether an ethical violation has occurred and if so, what should be done. With 4 new chapters and an updated selection of case studies, this text provides resources for guided discussion of topical controversies and how to prevent scientific misconduct. Key Features: Fully revised and updated text which explains the various forms of scientific misconduct. New chapters include hot topics such as Ethics of the Pharmaceutical Industry, The Responsibility of Science to the Environment and Summary of Ethics Guidelines of STEM Professional Societies. Provides the necessary tools to lead students in the discussion of topical controversies. Includes descriptions of real ethical case studies, a number of which are new for the Second Edition. This book is applicable to any science and any level of education.

Cover

Half Title

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication Page

Table of Contents

Introduction to the First Edition

Introduction to the Second Edition

About the Author

Part A Scholarly foundations

Chapter 1 Research Misconduct: What Is It, Why Does It Happen, and How Do We Identify When It Happens?

What Constitutes Scientific Misconduct?

Crimes Against Science

Falsifying and Fabricating of Data You’ve Collected

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Deliberate Omission of Known Data that Doesn’t Agree with Your Hypotheses

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Misrepresenting Others’ Previous Works

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Intentional Negligence in Acknowledgment of the Previous Works

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Crimes Against Other Researchers

Passing Another Researcher’s Data as One’s Own

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Publication of Results without Consent of All the Authors

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Failure to Acknowledge All the Researchers Who Performed the Work

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Authorship and Intellectual Property

Repeated Publication of Too Similar Results

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Breach of Confidentiality

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Other Types of Violations

Conflict of Interest Issues

What Is It?

Why Does It Happen?

How Is It Caught?

Violations During Peer Review

Citations and Professional Societies

Citations in Manuscripts

Professional Societies

Living Research Subjects

Bad Ethics vs. Bad Science

New Results That Prove Old Results Wrong

The Whistleblower’s Dilemma

Wrapping Up

Chapter 2 What Are the Penalties for Committing Research Misconduct?

Human or Animal Subjects

Wrapping Up

Chapter 3 Peer Review: What Is It and What Is Its Role in Scientific Misconduct?

Web 2.0 and Peer Review

Revisiting Vlad and Frank

Can Peer Reviewers Be Unethical?

Wrapping Up

Chapter 4 What Constitutes Responsible Conduct from the Point of View of Human/Animal Subjects in Research?

Personnel

Environmental Enrichment

Housing

Biosecurity

Biocontainment

Wrapping Up

Chapter 5 The Ethics of the Pharmaceutical Industry

The Approval of a Drug5

Categories of Drugs

Orphan Drugs and Rare Disease

Neglected Tropical Disease

Fast Track

Breakthrough Therapy

Priority Review

Accelerated Approval

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising

Wrapping Up

Chapter 6 Science and the Public

Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Autism

Climategate

HIV Vaccine

Animal Rights Groups

Bernard Kettlewell

The Electromagnetic Field and High-Tension Power Lines

Fracking and Pollution

Other Considerations

The Use of Celebrities to Engineer Consent or Sell Products

Science and the Environment

Wrapping Up

Chapter 7 The Role of Government in Science and Scientific Misconduct

Wrapping Up

Chapter 8 Is There Research That Shouldn’t Be Done Because It Is too Dangerous?

Wrapping Up

Chapter 9 (How) Can We Prevent Scientific Misconduct?

Intentional Negligence in Acknowledgment of Previous Work Done

Deliberate Fabrication of Data

Deliberate Omission of Known Data That Doesn’t Agree with Hypotheses

Passing Another Researcher’s Data as One’s Own

Publication of Results Without Consent of All the Researchers

Failure to Acknowledge All the Researchers Who Performed the Work

Conflict of Interest Issues

Repeated Publication of Too Similar Results

Breach of Confidentiality

Misrepresenting Others Work

Education Is Key

Wrapping Up

Part B Case Studies

Chapter 10 Case Studies

Darwin and Wallace

Rangaswamy Srinivasan–Visx Patent Dispute

Schwartz and Mirkin

Corey and Woodward

Córdova

Woodward and Quinine

DNA

David Baltimore and Theresza Imanishi-Kari

John Fenn-Yale Patent Dispute

Vioxx

Autism and the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine

Italian Earthquake Scientists

The Red River Floods

Animals Lost During Storms or Other Acts of Nature

Transfer of a Patent to an Indian Tribe to Avoid its Invalidation

Index