Fatty Acids Chemistry Synthesis and Applications 1st Edition by Moghis Ahmad 9780128095447 012809544X
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ISBN 10:012809544X
ISBN 13:9780128095447
Author:Moghis Ahmad
Fatty Acids: Chemistry, Synthesis and Applications is a comprehensive source of information about a wide range of industrially important fatty acids. This practical resource provides key insights into the chemistry, synthesis, industrial applications, derivatives, and analysis of fatty acids, and the chemical modifications that transform them for use in products from biodiesel fuels to pharmaceuticals.
Written by a team of industry experts, Fatty Acids includes detailed descriptions of fatty acid crystallization, enzymatic synthesis, and microbial production. This book focuses heavily on the chemistry of trans fatty acids, with extensive explanations of their synthesis and measurement. Further, the book addresses advances in the analytical methodology, including mass spectrometry, of fatty acids as well as their derivatives.
This book serves as a reference manual to a new generation of lipid scientists and researchers; a useful resource for oleochemical industries; and a valuable teaching aid for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in fields related to the chemistry of oils, fats, and food.
- Includes recent developments in the synthesis of fatty acid derivatives, as renewable raw materials for the chemical industry
- Presents efficient synthetic methods for the dietary trans fatty acids in multi-gram scale allowing scientists and researchers to study dietary effects of individual trans fatty acids on human health
- Addresses uses of fats and fatty acids in foods and nutrition
- Identifies the roles of fatty acids and derivatives in cosmetic technology
Fatty Acids Chemistry Synthesis and Applications 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1. History of Fatty Acids Chemistry
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Early Fatty Acid History
1.3 Major Developments in the Oleochemical Industry
1.4 Contributions of Analytical Chemistry to Fatty Acids
1.5 Recent Developments in Fatty Acids
1.6 Summary
References
Chapter 2. Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids: Source, Chemistry, and Uses
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Production of Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids
2.3 Purification of Fatty Acids
2.4 Sources and Types of Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids
2.5 Chemistry of Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Epoxy Fatty Acids: Chemistry and Biological Effects
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Natural Occurrence and Structure of Epoxy Fatty Acids
3.3 Chemical Synthesis
3.4 Biosynthesis of Epoxy Fatty Acids
3.5 Analysis of Epoxy Fatty Acids
3.6 Biological Effects
3.7 Pathological Effects
3.8 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 4. Acetylenic Epoxy Fatty Acids: Chemistry, Synthesis and Their Pharmaceutical Applications
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Occurrence Epoxy Acetylenic Fatty Acids in Nature
4.3 Lipids Containing Epoxy Acetylenic Fatty Acids
4.4 Epoxy Acetylenic Furanoid and Thiophene Fatty Acid and Derivatives
4.5 Pyranone and Macrocyclic Epoxides
4.6 Acetylenic Cyclohexanoid Epoxy Fatty Acids
4.7 Determination or Epoxy Acetylenic Lipids
4.8 Synthesis of Epoxy Acetylenic Lipids
4.9 Concluding Remarks
References
Further Reading
Chapter 5. Carbocyclic Fatty Acids: Chemistry and Biological Properties
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Naturally Occurring Cyclopropene Fatty Acids
5.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Sterculic Acid
5.4 Biosynthesis of Cyclopropane and Cyclopropene Fatty Acids
5.5 Mass Spectrometry of Cyclopropene Fatty Acids
5.6 Physiological Properties of Cyclopropene Fatty Acids
5.7 Cyclopropaneoctanoic Acid 2-Hexyl in Human Adipose Tissue and Serum
5.8 Leishmania Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthetase
5.9 Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 6. Modification of Oil Crops to Produce Fatty Acids for Industrial Applications
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Key Aspects of Plant Oil Biosynthesis
6.3 Major Oil Crops
6.4 Minor Oil Crops
6.5 Emerging Industrial Oil Crops
6.6 Prospects for Production of Industrial Oils in Vegetative Tissue
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 7. Microbial Production of Fatty Acids
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Process of Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Microorganisms
7.3 Economic Considerations—Heterotrophic Microorganisms
7.4 Economic Considerations—Phototrophic Microorganisms
7.5 Production of PUFAs
7.6 Safety Aspects
7.7 Future Prospects
References
Chapter 8. Chemical Derivatization of Castor Oil and Their Industrial Utilization
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Derivatives of Castor Oil Based on Unsaturation of Ricinoleic Acid
8.3 Derivatives of Castor Oil Based on Hydroxy Functionality of Ricinoleic Acid
8.4 Derivatives Based on Ester Functionality of Castor Oil
8.5 Unique Derivatives of Castor Oil
References
Chapter 9. Chemical Modification of High Free Fatty Acid Oils for Biodiesel Production
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Production of Biodiesel
9.3 Chemical Modification of High FFA Feedstocks for Biodiesel
9.4 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Further Reading
Chapter 10. Synthesis of Sugar Fatty Acid Esters and Their Industrial Utilizations
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthesis of Sugar Fatty Acid Esters
10.3 Physicochemical Properties of Sugar Fatty Acid Esters
10.4 Industrial Applications of Sugar Fatty Acid Esters
10.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Abbreviations
References
Further Reading
Chapter 11. Fatty Acids–Based Surfactants and Their Uses
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biobased Surfactants Are a Robust Product for an Oleochemical-Based Biorefinery
11.3 Oleochemical Feedstocks for Surfactant Synthesis
11.4 Sustainability of Oleochemical-Based Surfactants: Truths and Myths
11.5 Green Manufacturing of Biobased Surfactants
11.6 Ionic Surfactants
11.7 Ester-Based Nonionic Surfactants
11.8 Ether and Amide-Based Nonionic Surfactants
11.9 Zwitterionic (Amphoteric) Surfactants
11.10 Glycolipid Biosurfactants
11.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. The Role of Fatty Acids in Cosmetic Technology
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Cosmetic and Personal Care Product Formulation Types
12.3 Cosmetic and Personal Care Product Categories
12.4 Reviewed Fatty Acid Derivatives and Overview of Uses in Cosmetic and Personal Care Products
12.5 Cleansing
12.6 Vehicles/Solvents
12.7 Rheological Modification of Suspensions and Sticks
12.8 Stabilization of Emulsions
12.9 Skin Emollients and Hair Conditioners
12.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Chemistry of Long-Chain α,β-Unsaturated Fatty Acid and Reactions Thereof
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Fatty Acids
13.3 Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Fatty Acids/Esters
13.4 Applications
13.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Abbreviations
Chapter 14. Estolides: Synthesis and Applications
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Synthesis
14.3 Identification
14.4 Basic Physical Properties of Oleic-Based Estolides and Esters
14.5 Estolides (SE7B), Base Oil, and Motor Oil Properties—Applications
14.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. An Efficient, Multigram Synthesis of Dietary cis- and trans-Octadecenoic (18:1) Fatty Acids
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Organic Synthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
15.3 Fatty Acids Containing One Acetylene Bond
15.4 Partial Hydrogenation of Acetylenic Acid and Structure Determination
15.5 Reduction of Acetylenic Acid to cis-Olefinic Acid
15.6 Reduction of Acetylenic Acid to trans-Olefinic Acid
15.7 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analyses
15.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Advancement in Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Analyses of Dietary Fatty Acids
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Gas Chromatography With Flame Ionization Detection
16.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
16.4 FT-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Conjunction With Partial Least Squares
16.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17. Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Fatty Acids and Derivatives
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Extraction of Fatty Acids (FAs) and Derivatives
17.3 Fatty Acids (FAs) Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
17.4 Arachidonic Acid (AA) and Its Derivatives Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
17.5 Triacylglycerols (TAGs) Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
17.6 Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
17.7 Double Bounds Position Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
17.8 Future Perspective
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 18. Crystallization of Fats and Fatty Acids in Edible Oils and Structure Determination
Abstract
18.1 Nucleation and Crystal Growth of Fatty Acids & TAGs
18.2 Lipid Polymorphism
18.3 Nanostructure and Lipid Domains
18.4 Microstructure and Fractal Assembly
18.5 Modified Fatty Acids and Their Gels
18.6 Conclusion
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