How to Prove It A Structured Approach 3rd edition by Daniel Velleman 1108337458 9781108337458

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ISBN-10 :  1108337458 

ISBN-13 : 9781108337458

Author:  Daniel J. Velleman 

Many mathematics students have trouble the first time they take a course, such as linear algebra, abstract algebra, introductory analysis, or discrete mathematics, in which they are asked to prove various theorems. This textbook will prepare students to make the transition from solving problems to proving theorems by teaching them the techniques needed to read and write proofs. The book begins with the basic concepts of logic and set theory, to familiarize students with the language of mathematics and how it is interpreted. These concepts are used as the basis for a step-by-step breakdown of the most important techniques used in constructing proofs. The author shows how complex proofs are built up from these smaller steps, using detailed “scratchwork” sections to expose the machinery of proofs about the natural numbers, relations, functions, and infinite sets. Numerous exercises give students the opportunity to construct their own proofs. No background beyond standard high school mathematics is assumed. This book will be useful to anyone interested in logic and proofs: computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and of course mathematicians.

How to Prove It: A Structured Approach 3rd Table of contents:

1 Sentential Logic
1.1 Deductive Reasoning and Logical Connectives
1.2 Truth Tables
1.3 Variables and Sets
1.4 Operations on Sets
1.5 The Conditional and Biconditional Connectives.
2 Quantificational Logic
2.1 Quantifiers
2.2 Equivalences Involving Quantifiers
2.3 More Operations on Sets
3 Proofs
3.1 Proof Strategies
3.2 Proofs Involving Negations and Conditionals
3.3 Proofs Involving Quantifiers
3.4 Proofs Involving Conjunctions and Biconditionals
3.5 Proofs Involving Disjunctions
3.6 Existence and Uniqueness Proofs
3.7 More Examples of Proofs
4 Relations
4.1 Ordered Pairs and Cartesian Products
4.2 Relations
4.3 More About Relations
4.4 Ordering Relations

5 Functions
5.1 Functions
5.2 One-to-one and Onto
5.3 Inverses of Functions
5.4 Images and Inverse Images: A Research Project
6 Mathematical Induction
6.1 Proof by Mathematical Induction
6.2 More Examples
6.3 Recursion
6.4 Strong Induction
6.5 Closures Again
7 Infinite Sets
7.1 Equinumerous Sets
7.2 Countable and Uncountable Sets
7.3 The Cantor-Schröder-Bernstein Theorem

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Tags: Structured Approach, Daniel Velleman, linear algebra, abstract algebra, introductory analysis