Internetware A New Software Paradigm for Internet Computing 1st Edition by Hong Mei,Jian Lu 9789811025457 9811025452

1 Internetware: A Shift of Software Paradigm

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Internetware Paradigm

1.2.1 The Need of a Paradigm Shift

1.2.2 Methodological Reflections

1.2.3 Architecting Principles for Internetware

1.2.4 Our Roadmap and Explorations

1.3 Open Coordination Model

1.3.1 Coordination Model for Internetware

1.3.2 A Software Architecture Based Approach

1.4 Environment-Driven Model

1.4.1 Structure and Dynamics

1.4.2 Framework and Techniques

1.5 Dependability Assurance Framework with Trust-Management

1.5.1 A Trust-Based Approach

1.5.2 A Dependability Assurance Framework with Trust Management

1.6 Conclusion

References

2 Technical Framework for Internetware: An Architecture Centric Approach

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Software Model of Internetware

2.2.1 Basic Component Model

2.2.2 Open Collaboration Model

2.2.3 Context Driven Model

2.2.4 Intelligent Trustworthy Model

2.3 Middleware for Internetware

2.3.1 The Implementation Model of Basic Internetware Entities

2.3.2 The Implementation Model of On-Demand Collaborations

2.3.3 The Autonomic Management of Middleware

2.3.4 Componentization of Middleware

2.4 Engineering Approach for Internetware

2.4.1 Software Architecture in the Whole Lifecycle

2.4.2 Development of Internetware Basic Entities and Their Collaborations

2.4.3 Domain Modeling for Internetware

2.5 Conclusion

References

Internetware Software Model

3 On Environment-Driven Software Model for Internetware

3.1 Introduction

3.2 An Approach to the Environment-Driven Model

3.2.1 Overall Interaction Patterns of Environment-Driven Applications

3.2.2 A Structuring Model for Environment-Driven Applications

3.2.3 Model and System Characteristics

3.3 Environment Modeling and Enabling Techniques

3.3.1 Context Processing Framework

3.3.2 Ontology-Based Modeling of Dynamic Context

3.3.3 Logic Distance-Based Context Retrieval

3.3.4 Blurring Degree-Based Privacy Protection

3.3.5 Negotiation-Based Context Information Selection

3.4 Goal-Driven Adaptation and Rearon Ontologies

3.4.1 Rearon Ontologies

3.4.2 Overall Interaction Patterns of Environment-Driven Applications

3.5 Prototypes and Experiments

3.5.1 Artemis-ARC

3.5.2 Artemis-MAC

3.5.3 Artemis-FollowMeLite

3.5.4 Artemis-FollowMeAgent

3.5.5 Environment-Driven Applications

3.6 Related Work

3.7 Conclusion

References

4 On Self-adaptation Model for Internetware

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Approach Overview

4.3 Key Techniques

4.3.1 Basic SA Model

4.3.2 SA Reflection

4.3.3 SA Dynamism

4.3.4 SA Reasoning

4.3.5 SA Trustworthiness

4.3.6 A Tool for Modeling SA in the Whole Lifecycle

4.4 Case Study

4.4.1 Pattern Driven Self-adaptation

4.4.2 Style Driven Self-adaptation

4.4.3 Performance Impact

4.5 Related Work

4.6 Conclusion

References

5 On Requirements Model Driven Adaption and Evolution of Internetware

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Matching and Composing Internetware Components

5.2.1 A Component Meta Model

5.2.2 Component Lifecycle

5.2.3 Component Composition Rules

5.3 Components Adaptation

5.3.1 Adaptation Strategies

5.3.2 Adaptation Process

5.4 Internetware Testbed and Case Studies

5.4.1 Internetware Testbed

5.4.2 Model-Driven Development and Evaluation of Internetware Applications

5.4.3 Enterprise Applications Example

5.4.4 Experiment Scenarios on the Collaborations and Evolutions of Internetware Components

5.5 Related Work

5.6 Conclusion and Future Work

References

Internetware Operating Platform

6 Runtime Recovery and Manipulation of Software Architecture of Component-Based Systems

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Approach Overview

6.2.1 Architectures in ABC

6.2.2 Conceptual Framework

6.3 Characteristics of Software Architecture at Runtime

6.3.1 Software Architecture at Design Time

6.3.2 Software Architecture at Runtime

6.3.3 Description for Software Architecture Recovered at Runtime

6.4 Recovery of Software Architecture at Runtime

6.4.1 Overview of PKUAS

6.4.2 Recovery of Basic Elements

6.4.3 Construction of Architecture Views

6.4.4 Enrichment of Semantics

6.5 Manipulation of Recovered Software Architecture at Runtime

6.5.1 Manipulation via Reflection

6.5.2 Programming Model

6.5.3 Graphical Tool

6.6 Performance Evaluation

6.7 Related Work

6.8 Conclusion and Future Work

References

7 Supporting Runtime Software Architecture: A Bidirectional-Transformation-Based Approach

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Runtime Software Architecture

7.2.1 An Illustrative Example

7.2.2 A Formal Description of Runtime Software Architecture

7.3 Maintaining Causal Connections by Architecture-System Synchronization

7.3.1 The Four Properties

7.3.2 The Challenges

7.4 Architecture-System Synchronization Based on Bi-transformation

7.4.1 Enabling Techniques

7.4.2 The Synchronization Algorithm

7.4.3 Assumptions

7.4.4 Discussion About the Algorithm and the Properties

7.5 Generating Synchronizers for Legacy Systems

7.5.1 Implementing the Generic Synchronization Engine

7.5.2 Generating Specific XMI Parsers and System Adapters

7.6 Case Studies

7.6.1 C2-JOnAS

7.6.2 Client/Server-JOnAS

7.6.3 Other Case Studies

7.6.4 Summary and Discussion

7.7 Related Work

7.8 Conclusion

References

8 Low-Disruptive Dynamic Updating of Internetware Applications

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Dynamic Updating: Eager Versus Lazy

8.3 Javelus: Overview

8.4 Dynamic Patch Generation

8.4.1 Identifying Changed Classes

8.4.2 Default Transformation and Custom Transformers

8.5 Updating Code

8.5.1 Reaching a DSU Safe Point

8.5.2 Updating Classes

8.6 Updating Objects

8.6.1 Affected Types

8.6.2 Optimizing Object Validity Checks

8.6.3 Mixed Object Model

8.6.4 Transforming Objects

8.6.5 Continuous Updating

8.7 Evaluation

8.7.1 Experiments with Micro Benchmarks

8.7.2 Experiments with Tomcat and H2

8.8 Related Work

8.8.1 Dynamic Updating Systems for Java

8.8.2 Dynamic Updating Systems for Other Programming Languages

8.8.3 Dynamic Updating for Component-Based Systems

8.9 Conclusion

References

9 Specification and Monitoring of Data-Centric Temporal Properties for Service-Based Internetware

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Motivation Example

9.2.1 Car Rental Application

9.2.2 Supply Chain Application

9.3 A Language for Specifying Data-Centric Properties

9.3.1 The Syntax of Par-BCL

9.3.2 Par-BCL for Data-Centric Properties

9.4 Monitoring Model of Par-BCL

9.4.1 Filtering

9.4.2 Parameter Binding

9.4.3 Verification

9.5 Efficient Monitoring Process

9.5.1 Parameter State Machine

9.5.2 Monitor Instance

9.5.3 Monitoring Algorithm

9.5.4 Management of Monitor Instances

9.5.5 Architecture and Implementation

9.6 Experiments

9.6.1 Violation Detection

9.6.2 Performance Evaluation

9.6.3 Overhead Evaluation

9.7 Discussion

9.8 Related Work

9.8.1 Engineering Self-adaptive System

9.8.2 Runtime Monitoring of Web Services

9.8.3 Parametric Properties Monitoring for OO Systems

9.9 Conclusion

References

10 Runtime Detection of the Concurrency Property in Asynchronous Pervasive Computing Environments

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Property Detection for Pervasive Context

10.2.1 Asynchronous Message Passing and Logical Time

10.2.2 Consistent Global State (CGS) and the Lattice Structure Among CGSs

10.2.3 Specification of Contextual Properties

10.3 Concurrent Activity Detection in Asynchronous Pervasive Computing Environments

10.3.1 Def(φ) and Concurrent Contextual Activities

10.3.2 Design of the CADA Algorithm

10.3.3 Discussions

10.4 Performance Analysis

10.4.1 The Causes of Faults

10.4.2 Concurrency Among Sensed Activities

10.4.3 Sensed and Physical Activities

10.4.4 Discussions

10.5 Experimental Evaluation

10.5.1 Implementation

10.5.2 Experiment Setup

10.5.3 Effects of Tuning the Update Interval

10.5.4 Effects of Tuning the Message Delay

10.5.5 Effects of Tuning the Duration of Contextual Activities

10.5.6 Effects of Tuning the Number of Non-checker Processes

10.5.7 Lessons Learned

10.6 Related Work

10.7 Conclusion

References

Internetware Engineering Approach

11 A Software Architecture Centric Engineering Approach for Internetware

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Overview of ABC Methodology

11.3 Feature Oriented Requirement Modeling for Internetware

11.4 Architecture Modeling of Self-adaptive Internetware

11.5 Reflective Middleware as Internetware Operating Platform

11.5.1 SA-Based Reflection

11.5.2 Autonomous Components

11.6 Conclusion

References

12 Toward Capability Specification of Internetware Entity Based on Environment Ontology

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Environment Ontology

12.2.1 Upper Environment Ontology

12.2.2 Domain Environment Ontology

12.2.3 Construction of Domain Environment Ontology

12.3 Environment Ontology Based Capability Specification

12.3.1 Elements of EnOnCaS

12.3.2 An Example Capability Profile

12.3.3 Capability Specification Generation

12.3.4 Internetware Entity Discovery

12.4 Related Work

12.5 Conclusion

References

13 Feature-Driven Requirement Dependency Analysis and High-Level Software Design

13.1 Introduction

13.2 The Preliminaries

13.2.1 Definition of Features

13.2.2 Basic Attributes of Features

13.2.3 Operationalization of Features

13.2.4 Responsibility Assignment

13.2.5 Resource Containers

13.3 Feature Dependencies

13.3.1 Refinement

13.3.2 Constraint

13.3.3 Influence

13.3.4 Interaction

13.4 Connections Between Dependencies

13.4.1 Refinement-Imposed Constraints

13.4.2 Constraint and Interaction

13.4.3 Influence and Interaction

13.5 Verification of Constraints and Customization

13.5.1 Feature-Oriented Customization-Based Requirement Reuse

13.5.2 Customization Through a Series of Binding-Times

13.5.3 Three Verification Criteria

13.5.4 The Effectiveness of the Three Verification Criteria

13.6 Design of High-Level Software Architecture

13.6.1 An Overview

13.6.2 Resource Container Identification

13.6.3 Component Seed Creation

13.6.4 Component Construction

13.6.5 Interaction Analysis

13.7 Related Work

13.8 Conclusions and Future Work

References

14 rCOS: A Refinement Calculus of Internetware Systems

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Semantic Basis

14.2.1 Programs as Designs

14.2.2 Refinement of Designs

14.3 Syntax of rcos

14.3.1 Commands

14.3.2 Expressions

14.4 Semantics

14.4.1 Structure, Value and Object

14.4.2 Static Semantics

14.4.3 Dynamic Variables

14.4.4 Dynamic States

14.4.5 Evaluation of Expressions

14.4.6 Semantics of Commands

14.4.7 Semantics of a Program

14.5 Object-Oriented Refinement

14.5.1 Object System Refinement

14.5.2 Structure Refinement

14.6 Refinement Rules

14.7 Conclusions

14.7.1 Related Work

14.7.2 Support UML-like Software Development

14.7.3 Limitation and Future Work

References

Experiments and Practices of Internetware

15 Refactoring Android Java Code for On-Demand Computation Offloading

15.1 Introduction

15.2 DesignPatternforComputation Offloading

15.2.1 The Source Structure and the Target Structure

15.2.2 Refactoring Steps Overview

15.2.3 An Illustrative Example

15.3 Implementation of DPartner

15.3.1 Detect Movable Classes

15.3.2 Generate Proxies

15.3.3 Transform App Classes

15.3.4 Cluster App Classes

15.3.5 Determine the Computations to Be Offloaded

15.3.6 Offload Computations at Runtime

15.4 Evaluation

15.4.1 Experiment Setup

15.4.2 Performance of Refactoring

15.4.3 Comparison of App Performance

15.4.4 Comparison of App Power Consumption

15.4.5 The Effect of On-Demand Offloading

15.4.6 Experiments on 3G Network

15.5 Related Work

15.6 Conclusion and Future Work

References

16 Towards Architecture-Based Management of Platforms in Cloud

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Motivating Example

16.3 An Architecture-Based Model for Platform Management in Cloud

16.3.1 Approach Overview

16.3.2 The Architecture-Based Meta-Model

16.3.3 Runtime Changes

16.4 Implementations of the Runtime Architecture-Based Model

16.5 Evaluation

16.5.1 Anti-pattern Detection

16.5.2 VM States Checking

16.6 Related Work

16.7 Conclusion and Future Work

References

17 Golden Age: On Multi-source Software Update Propagation in Pervasive Networking Environments

17.1 Introduction

17.2 System Model

17.3 Update Propagation Strategies

17.3.1 Random Spread

17.3.2 Youngest Age

17.3.3 Golden Age

17.4 Performance Analysis

17.4.1 Notations and Assumptions

17.4.2 Number of Updated Nodes in the System

17.4.3 Principles for Choosing the Golden Age

17.5 Numerical Results

17.5.1 Simulation Setup

17.5.2 The Number of Updated Nodes

17.5.3 Impact of Source Density

17.5.4 Impact of Buffer Size

17.5.5 Impact of Update Interval

17.5.6 Performance of Different Golden Age Parameter Choosing Rules

17.6 Related Work

17.7 Conclusion

References

18 GreenDroid: Automated Diagnosis of Energy Inefficiency for Smartphone Applications

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Background

18.3 Empirical Study

18.3.1 Problem Magnitude

18.3.2 Diagnosis and Bug-Fixing Efforts

18.3.3 Common Patterns of Energy Bugs

18.3.4 Threats to Validity

18.4 Energy Efficiency Diagnosis

18.4.1 Approach Overview

18.4.2 Application Execution and State Exploration

18.4.3 Detecting Missing Sensor or Wake Lock Deactivation

18.4.4 Sensory Data Utilization Analysis

18.5 Experimental Evaluation

18.5.1 Experimental Setup

18.5.2 Effectiveness and Efficiency

18.5.3 Necessity and Usefulness of AEM Model

18.5.4 Impact of Event Sequence Length Limit

18.5.5 Comparison with Resource Leak Detection Work

18.5.6 Energy Saving Case Study

18.5.7 Discussions

18.6 Related Work

18.6.1 Energy Efficiency Analysis

18.6.2 Energy Consumption Estimation

18.6.3 Resource Leak Detection

18.6.4 Information Flow Tracking

18.7 Concluding Remarks

References

Conclusion and Future Outlook

19 Conclusion and Future Outlook