Intuitionism 1st Edition by David Kaspar ISBN 144115986X 9781441159861

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ISBN 10: 144115986X 
ISBN 13: 9781441159861
Author: David Kaspar

Is the way to moral truth through theory? Or do we already know what’s right and wrong? Throughout modern history philosophers have tried to construct elaborate moral systems to determine what’s right. Recently, however, some have revived the position that we have intuitive knowledge of right and wrong. In this book, David Kaspar introduces and explores the perspective known as ‘Intuitionism’. Charting intuitionism’s fall in the twentieth century and its recent resurgence, Kaspar looks at the intuitionist approach to the most important topics in ethics, from moral knowledge to intrinsically good moral action. David Kaspar defends intuitionism against criticisms from competing metaethical schools, such as moral nihilism and ethical naturalism. It also takes on normative rivals, such as utilitarianism, Kantianism, and virtue ethics. By consolidating the stronger claims of both early analytic and contemporary intuitionists, Kaspar goes on to make a robust case for a rigorously intuitionist approach to explaining morality. Intuitionism also includes chapter summaries and guides to further reading throughout to help readers explore and master this important school of contemporary ethical thought. This is an ideal resource for undergraduates and postgraduates taking courses in ethics, metaethics and moral philosophy.

Intuitionism 1st Table of contents:

1 Thinking about morality

Introduction

Moral beliefs and intuitionism

Methods of intuitionism

The first data of ethics

Assumptions to avoid

Divisions in moral theory

Intuitionism

Morality in action

Commonsense morality?

Persistent data

Prejudices and social support

Chapter summary

2 The story of contemporary intuitionism

Introduction

Prichard’s point

Ross’s intuitionism

The downfall of early analytic intuitionism

Strawson’s case against intuitionism

General trends against intuitionism

The power of intuition

Methods of ethics

Audi’s insight

Moral disagreement

Chapter summary

3 Moral knowledge

Introduction

Empiricism and rationalism

Self-evidence explained

Moral proofs

Justification structures

Epistemic appraisal

Intuitions

Skepticism about intuitions

Self-evidence, mathematics, and morality

Mere truisms?

Synthetic a priori truths

You know what’s right

Chapter summary

4 New challenges to intuitionism

Introduction

Where in the world is morality?

Moral skepticism and moral nihilism

Responding to moral nihilism

Naturalism and nonnaturalism

Supervenience problems

Supervenience solutions

Expert disagreement

Intuitionism and disagreement

Chapter summary

5 The grounds of morality

Introduction

Moral explanation

Moral relations

Properties of moral relations

Transactions

Moral kinds

Promises

Variations of conditions for promises

Understanding and a priori knowledge

The metaphysical status of moral kinds

The convention objection

Chapter summary

6 The right and the good reconsidered

Introduction

What’s wrong with deontology

Intuitionists against intrinsically good action

Prichard’s case for intrinsically good action

Ross’s case for intrinsically good action

Good and right

Good and kind

Ought

Possible moral facts

Particular moral facts

Explaining supervenience

Chapter summary

7 Intuitionism’s rivals

Introduction

Moral knowledge and normative ethics

Supreme principles of morality

Kantianism

New Kantianism

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism and action-guidance

Utilitarianism and moral explanation

Virtue ethics

Criteria of right action

The incorporation project

Chapter summary

8 Practical and ultimate moral issues

Introduction

Which principles?

Moral decisions

Moral risk

Between thought and action

The prudence dependency thesis

Moral knowledge again

The motivation problem

The ultimate issues

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