Landscapes and Landforms of the Czech Republic 1st Edition by Tomáš Pánek 3319275376 9783319275376

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ISBN-10 :  3319275376 

ISBN-13 : 9783319275376

Author:  Tomáš Pánek 

The book aims to present the unique geomorphological landscapes of the Czech Republic. The geomorphic uniqueness of this country benefits from the proximity to two distinct European geological domains: the old cratonized Bohemian Massif and the relatively young Tertiary fold and thrust belt of the Western Carpathians. Landscapes and Landforms of the Czech Republic introduces general physiographical characteristics of the landscape and presents the main driving factors leading to the evolution of the present landscape. The book contains twenty two chapters describing the most interesting geomorphic landscapes of the Czech Republic. The selection of individual landscapes was based on visual exceptionality (e.g. sandstone landscapes of the Northern Bohemia), scientific importance (e.g. patterned grounds in the Sudetic Mountains) and historical relevance (e.g. mining of the Nízký and Hrubý Jeseník Mountains). The final chapters of the book discuss the protection of geomorphic heritage in the Czech Republic.

Landscapes and Landforms of the Czech Republic 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
References
Part I Physical Environment
2 Geology and Tectonic Development of the Czech Republic
Abstract
2.1ƒIntroduction
2.2ƒThe Bohemian Massif
2.3ƒThe Post-Orogenic—Platform Development of the Bohemian Massif
2.4ƒThe Western Carpathians
2.5ƒConclusion
References
3 Climate in the Past and Present in the Czech Lands in the Central European Context
Abstract
3.1ƒIntroduction
3.2ƒTertiary Climates of Central Europe
3.3ƒQuaternary Climatic Cycle
3.4ƒQuaternary Climate in Central Europe
3.5ƒClimate and Floods of the Past 500 Years in the Czech Lands
3.6ƒContemporary Climate
3.7ƒConclusion
Acknowledgements
References
4 Long-Term Geomorphological History of the Czech Republic
Abstract
4.1ƒIntroduction—Milestones of Geomorphological Evolution
4.2ƒPre-Quaternary Evolution
4.2.1 Bohemian Massif
4.2.2 Western Carpathians
4.3ƒPleistocene Geomorphological Evolution
4.3.1 Evolution of River Valleys
4.3.2 Continental and Mountain Glaciation
4.3.3 Periglacial Phenomena
4.4ƒHolocene Geomorphological Evolution
4.5ƒConclusion
References
Part II Landscapes and Landforms
5 The Geomorphological Evolution and Environmental Hazards of the Prague Area
Abstract
5.1ƒIntroduction
5.2ƒPrincipal Geomorphic Events in Paleogeographical History of the Prague Area
5.3ƒRiver Terrace Evolution in the Prague Area During the Quaternary
5.4ƒGeomorphic and Environmental Hazards
5.5ƒConclusion
Acknowledgements
References
6 The Bohemian Karst: A Condensed Record of Landscape and Living Nature Evolution
Abstract
6.1ƒIntroduction
6.2ƒGeology and Geography
6.3ƒPeculiarities of the Hydrogeology and Hydrology of the Bohemian Karst
6.4ƒEvolution of the Karst Landscape and Caves During Pre-Quaternary Periods
6.5ƒAccelerated River Valley Incision and Cave Formation During the Middle and Late Pleistocene
6.6ƒRecord of the Holocene Climatic Evolution—Calcareous Tufa Deposits
6.7ƒPrehistoric Humans in the Bohemian Karst
6.8ƒHistorical Monuments and Tourism
6.9ƒConclusion
Acknowledgments
References
7 Brdy Highland: A Landscape Shaped in the Periglacial Zone of Quaternary Glacials
Abstract
7.1ƒIntroduction
7.2ƒGeneral Geographic and Geomorphological Settings
7.3ƒGeology and Paleontology
7.4ƒInfluence of the Geological Structure on the Evolution of the Landscape
7.5ƒPeriglacial Features
7.6ƒHistorical Land Use and Present-Day Tourist Sites
7.7ƒConclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8 Bohemian Forest: Landscape and People on the Frontier
Abstract
8.1ƒIntroduction
8.2ƒLocation and Long-Term Geomorphological Evolution
8.3ƒGeology‒ the Background of the Landscape
8.3.1 Geological Setting and Development
8.3.2 Relief on Metamorphic Rocks
8.3.3 Relief on Granites
8.4ƒPresent-Day Relief—Inheritance of the Pleistocene
8.4.1 Cold Periods in the Pleistocene
8.4.2 Between the North European Ice Sheet and the Alps
8.4.3 Glacial Relief in the Šumava
8.4.4 Inheritance of Periglacial Processes
8.5ƒPeople on the Border
8.5.1 Early Settlement and Mountain Colonization
8.5.2 Šumava Mts. as a Part of Iron Curtain
8.5.3 Nature Conservation
8.6ƒConclusion
References
9 Morphology of the Youngest Little Volcanoes in Western Bohemian Massif
Abstract
9.1ƒIntroduction
9.2ƒGeomorphological Units in the Cheb Region in West Bohemia
9.3ƒKomorní Hůrka Volcano
9.4ƒŽelezná Hůrka Volcano
9.5ƒMytina Maar
9.6ƒExhibition of Current Magmatic Activity
9.7ƒConclusion
References
10 The Krusne Hory Mts.—The Longest Mountain Range of the Czech Republic
Abstract
10.1ƒIntroduction
10.2ƒGeographical Setting
10.3ƒStructural Setting and Geological Evolution
10.3.1 Pre-Cenozoic Evolution
10.3.2 Pre-Quaternary Evolution
10.3.3 Quaternary Evolution
10.4ƒTypical Landforms and Processes
10.4.1 Planation Surfaces
10.4.2 Fault-Generated South-Eastern Escarpment
10.4.3 Human Impact on Landforms
10.5ƒGeoheritage and Landscape Conservation
10.6ƒConclusions
Acknowledgement
References
11 Elbe Sandstones
Abstract
11.1ƒIntroduction
11.2ƒGeology and Tectonic Setting
11.2.1 Geological History
11.2.2 Tectonic Framework
11.3ƒFormation of Sandstone Landscape and Its Changes Over Time
11.3.1 Quaternary Morphological Evolution
11.3.2 Rock Slopes Development and Geodynamic Proceses
11.3.3 Main Landforms
11.4ƒRemarkable and Typical Landforms
11.4.1 Elbe River Caynon
11.4.2 Vysoký Sněžník Hill
11.4.3 Pravčická Brána Arch
11.4.4 Tiské Stěny Cliffs
11.5ƒTraces of Human Activity in the Sandstone Landscape
11.5.1 Rock Shelter Settlement, Mining and Other Artificial Remains
11.5.2 Present-Day Conservation and Hazards
11.6ƒConclusion
Acknowledgments
References
12 Neovolcanic Terrain of the České Středohoří Mountains
Abstract
12.1ƒIntroduction
12.2ƒGeographical and Structural Setting
12.3ƒGeological Evolution
12.3.1 Pre-volcanic Evolution
12.3.2 Cenozoic Volcanism
12.3.3 Post-volcanic Evolution
12.4ƒTypical Landforms and Processes
12.4.1 Landforms on Volcanic Rocks
12.4.1.1 Vrkoč–Columnar Jointing of the Basanitic Dyke
12.4.1.2 Hnojnice—the Maar Vent
12.4.1.3 Dobrčice—the Porcelanite Quarry
12.4.1.4 Volcanic Sequence at the Divoká Rokle Gorge
12.4.2 Labe River Valley
12.4.3 Mass Movements
12.4.3.1 Stony Debris Accumulations
12.4.3.2 Landslides and Rockfalls
12.4.4 Human Impact on Landforms
12.5ƒGeoheritage
12.6ƒConclusions
Acknowledgments
References
13 The Kokořín Area: Sandstone Landforms Controlled by Hydrothermal Ferruginization
Abstract
13.1ƒIntroduction
13.2ƒGeological Background
13.2.1 Cretaceous Sandstones
13.2.2 Tertiary Volcanics
13.2.3 Tectonic Setting
13.3ƒFerruginization Process
13.4ƒLandforms Due to Ferruginization
13.4.1 Structural Plateaus and Ridges
13.4.2 Pillars and Mushroom Rocks
13.4.3 Microforms
13.5ƒGeomorphic Evolution in the Quaternary
13.6ƒGeological Heritage and Human Impacts
13.7ƒConclusion
Acknowledgments
References
14 Jizerské Hory—an Interplay of Rock Control, Faulting and Inland Glaciation in the Evolution of
Abstract
14.1ƒIntroduction
14.2ƒSetting and Location
14.3ƒGeology
14.3.1 Granite Intrusion and Metamorphic Cover
14.3.2 Cenozoic Volcanism
14.4ƒMain Features of Relief
14.4.1 Elevated Plateau and Marginal Escarpments
14.4.2 Valley Network and Its Controls
14.4.3 Rock-Controlled Ridges and Domes
14.5ƒMedium-Size and Minor Granite Landforms
14.5.1 Tors and Crags
14.5.2 Weathering Features
14.5.3 Caves
14.5.4 Waterfalls
14.6ƒLandscape Evolution
14.6.1 Deep Weathering and Planation
14.6.2 Uplift, Erosion and Regolith Removal
14.6.3 The Pleistocene—Ice Sheets and Glaciers
14.6.4 Present-Day Extreme Events
14.6.5 Human Impact and Cultural Geomorphological Landscape
14.7ƒConclusions
References
15 Krkonoše Mountains: A Case Study of Polygenetic Relief
Abstract
15.1ƒIntroduction
15.2ƒPlanation Surface
15.3ƒRole of Neotectonic Processes in the Formation of the Mountain Range
15.4ƒThe Role of Passive Morphostructure
15.5ƒGlacial Landforms
15.6ƒPeriglacial Landforms
15.7ƒRelief Development in the Holocene
15.8ƒMan-Made Landforms
15.9ƒThe Krkonoše Mts in Tourism, Sport and Art
15.10ƒConclusion
References
16 Bohemian Paradise: Sandstone Landscape in the Foreland of a Major Fault
Abstract
16.1ƒIntroduction
16.2ƒEmergence of the Name of Bohemian Paradise
16.3ƒGeology
16.4ƒLandscape Evolution
16.5ƒSuché Skály: Tectonically Dragged Sandstone Strata
16.6ƒCalcareous Sandstones in the Jizera River Valley
16.7ƒKlokočské skály: A Textbook of Sandstone Geomorphology
16.8ƒHrubá Skála Area: Castles and Chateaus on Sandstone
16.9ƒPříhrazy Area: Tensional Joints with Ferruginous Lining
16.10ƒPlakánek Valley: Tufa Cascades
16.11ƒPrachovské skály: A Century of Czech Rock Climbing
16.12ƒCaves and Cavities in Quartzose Sandstone
16.13ƒConclusion
Acknowledgements
References
17 Adršpach-Teplice Rocks and Broumov Cliffs—Large Sandstone Rock Cities in the Central Europe
Abstract
17.1ƒIntroduction
17.2ƒGeological and Geomorphologic Setting
17.3ƒPlateaus and Cuestas
17.4ƒAdršpach–Teplice Rocks
17.4.1 Adršpach Rocks—Breathtaking Rock City
17.4.2 Mysterious Teplice Rocks
17.5ƒBroumov Cliffs
17.6ƒRock Cities and People
17.7ƒConclusion
References
18 Žďárské Vrchy Highland—Geomorphological Landscape in the Top Part of the Bohemian-Moravian
Abstract
18.1ƒIntroduction
18.2ƒLocalization
18.3ƒGeology and Morphostructures
18.4ƒMain Relief Features and Geomorphic Development
18.5ƒSelected Unique Geomorphological Sites
18.5.1 Devět Skal
18.5.2 The Tisůvka Rock
18.5.3 Drátenická Skála
18.5.4 Malínská Skála
18.5.5 Zkamenělý Zámek
18.6ƒTypical Small Weathering Rock Forms
18.7ƒProblems of Nature Protection and Human Impact
18.8ƒConclusions
Acknowledgments
References
19 The Dyje Canyon-like Valley: Geomorphological Landscape of Deep Valley at the Eastern Part of the
Abstract
19.1ƒIntroduction
19.2ƒGeological and Geomorphological Setting
19.3ƒGeomorphic Development of Study Area
19.4ƒRelief Types of the Podyjí National Park
19.4.1 Polygenetic Regional Planation Surface
19.4.2 Fluvial Canyon-like Valley of the Dyje River and Its Tributaries
19.4.3 Polygenetic Marginal Slope of Bohemian Highland
19.5ƒSelected Unique Geomorphological Sites
19.5.1 The Kamenná Moře—Block Fields
19.5.2 The Šobes Meander
19.5.3 The Liščí Skála—Fox Rock
19.5.4 The Kozí Stezky—Goat Paths
19.5.5 The Vraní Skála—Crow Rock
19.5.6 The Ledové Sluje—Ice Caves
19.6ƒHuman Activities and Landforms
19.7ƒConservation
Acknowledgments
References
20 The Moravian Karst: An Interconnection Between Surface and Subsurface Natural Sceneries
Abstract
20.1ƒIntroduction
20.2ƒConcise History of the Moravian Karst Exploration
20.3ƒGeological and Geomorphological Evolution
20.4ƒGeomorphological Characteristics
20.4.1 Northern Segment
20.4.2 Origin and Geomorphological Evolution of the Macocha Abyss
20.4.3 Central Segment
20.4.4 Southern Segment
20.5ƒThe Moravian Karst as a Human History Archive
20.6ƒConclusions
Acknowledgments
References
21 Region of the Rychlebské Hory Mountains—Tectonically Controlled Landforms and Unique Landscape
Abstract
21.1ƒIntroduction
21.2ƒDifferent Geology: The Key to Sudetic Versus Fore-Sudetic Landscape Diversity
21.3ƒTectonic Landforms of the Rychlebské Hory Mountains
21.4ƒQuaternary Tectonics
21.5ƒInselbergs of the Žulovská Pahorkatina Hilly Land
21.6ƒTouristic Geomorphological Sites
21.6.1 Granite Rock Forms
21.6.2 Karst Caves
21.7ƒSocial and Economic Value of Unique Geological Variability
21.7.1 Times of Prosperous Mining
21.7.2 Priessnitz Spa: Birthplace of Famous Hydrotherapy
21.8ƒConclusion
Acknowledgments
References
22 Periglacial Landforms of the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains
Abstract
22.1ƒIntroduction
22.1.1 Geographical Setting
22.1.2 Main Landforms and Their Evolution
22.2ƒPeriglacial Landforms
22.2.1 Cryoplanation Terraces and Blockfields
22.2.2 Patterned Ground
22.2.3 Nivation Hollows, Solifluction Phenomena and Ploughing Blocks
22.3ƒPeriglacial Landforms and Human Activity
22.4ƒConclusion
Acknowledgments
References
23 Litovelské Pomoraví—Landscape Around Anastomosing River Pattern of Morava
Abstract
23.1ƒIntroduction
23.2ƒThe River and Its Setting
23.2.1 Inland Delta of the Morava
23.2.2 Geological and Hydrological Setting
23.2.3 Anastomosed Channel Pattern as the Phenomenon of the Nature/Landscape Protection
23.3ƒHistorical Changes of Anastomosed Channel Pattern Witnessed by Old Maps
23.3.1 Transformation (Degradation) of Anastomosed Channel Pattern
23.3.2 The Kenický Meander—The Life Cycle of One Hydrological Node
23.4ƒThe Secret World of River Branches and Pools
23.5ƒFloodplain Forest and Its Connection with the Fluvial System
23.6ƒThe Morava River as a Mean of Subsistence and Relaxation—Making Use of River in the Past and
23.7ƒImportant Historical Localities Linked with the Morava River
23.7.1 Mladeč Cave—Karst Phenomenon and Its Prehistoric Settlement
23.7.2 Příkazy—An Open-Air Museum of Vernacular Architecture of the Haná Region
23.7.3 The King’s Town of Litovel—Venice of the Haná Region
23.8ƒConclusions
References
24 The Nízký Jeseník—Highland with Abandoned Deep Mines
Abstract
24.1ƒIntroduction
24.2ƒThroughout the Geologic and Geomorphologic History
24.3ƒPlanation Surface Dissected by Deeply Incised Valleys
24.4ƒMoravice River as an Axis of the Nízký Jeseník Upland
24.5ƒRešov Waterfalls
24.6ƒRelics of Cenozoic Volcanism
24.7ƒAnthropogenic Landforms
24.7.1 Abandoned Mines: Silent and Dark Witnesses of the Past
24.7.2 The Black Mine: The Lost Atlantis
24.7.3 The Nittmann’s Mine: Passages with an Underground Stream
24.7.4 Hazards of Mines
24.7.5 Svobodné Heřmanice Quarry and Other Flooded Quarries
24.7.6 Military Landforms in the Nízký Jeseník: From the Old History to the Present
24.8ƒConclusion
References
25 Black Land: The Mining Landscape of the Ostrava-Karviná Region
Abstract
25.1ƒIntroduction
25.2ƒThe Basic Geological and Geomorphological Characteristics
25.3ƒAgricultural Landscape and Its Transition into the Industrial Landscape
25.4ƒMining (Industrial) Landscape
25.4.1 Industrialisation and Landscape Development
25.4.2 Main Mining Landforms
25.4.2.1 Waste Heaps
25.4.2.2 Ground Subsidence Areas
25.4.2.3 Other Anthropic Landforms
25.5ƒDeindustrialisation of the Ostrava-Karviná Mining District and New Forms of Utilisation of th
25.6ƒThe Ostrava-Karviná Mining District Landscape in Literature and Art
25.7ƒConclusion
Acknowledgements
References
26 Poodří—Landscape of Ponds and a Preserved Meander Belt of the Odra River
Abstract
26.1ƒIntroduction: Preserved Riverine Landscape
26.2ƒRegional Settings
26.3ƒQuaternary History of the Moravian Gate
26.4ƒDynamics of the Meander Belt
26.5ƒPeople and the River
26.6ƒPoodří Protected Landscape Area—Landforms and Biodiversity
26.7ƒFish Farming in the Poodří: Landscape of Ponds
26.8ƒConclusion
Acknowledgement
References
27 Landslide Landscape of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains and Their Surroundings
Abstract
27.1ƒIntroduction
27.2ƒGeological Setting and Morphostructure
27.2.1 Geological and Geomorphological Evolution
27.2.2 Main Morphostructural Features
27.2.3 Rock Control
27.3ƒLandslides: Deep-Seated Deformations and Catastrophic Events
27.3.1 Landslides as a Major Landscape Features in the Region
27.3.2 The May 2010 Girová Landslide: Example of a Recurrent Story
27.3.3 Landslides and Geodiversity
27.4ƒCrevice-Type Caves: Specific Features of the Region
27.4.1 Cyrilka Cave: Longest Crevice-Type Cave in the Czech Republic
27.4.2 Kněhyňská Abyss: 57 m Deep into the Landslide
27.5ƒHuman Activity and Mountains
27.5.1 Man as a Geomorphological Agent
27.5.2 Cultural Value and Tourism Attractiveness
27.6ƒConclusion
References
28 Strážnické Pomoraví—Holocene Evolution of a Unique Floodplain and Aeolian Landforms
Abstract
28.1ƒIntroduction
28.2ƒThe Setting
28.2.1 The Morava River: Natural Backbone of the Strážnické Pomoraví Cultural Landscape
28.2.2 Geological Setting
28.3ƒThe Morava River Floodplain as a Unique Natural Archive of Fluvial Sedimentation
28.4ƒThe Late Glacial Lacustrine, Fluvial and Aeolian Processes
28.5ƒFluvial Dynamics of the Morava River in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Metamorphosis
28.5.1 The Testimony of Old Maps
28.5.2 Evolution of a Cut-off Meander: Case Study of the Osypané Břehy Locality
28.6ƒPeople and Floods
28.7ƒConclusions
References
29 Limestone Klippen of the Pavlov Hills
Abstract
29.1ƒIntroduction
29.2ƒGeographical and Geological Setting
29.3ƒMain Landforms
29.3.1 Two Types of Limestone Klippen
29.3.2 Tectonic Landforms
29.3.3 Mass Movement-Induced Landforms
29.4ƒKarst Phenomena
29.4.1 Karren
29.4.2 “Na Turoldu” Cave: Evolution Since the Mesozoic?
29.5ƒLate Quaternary Landscape Evolution: An Interplay of Climate Changes and Human Activity
29.5.1 Dolní Věstonice Loess Sequence: Late Pleistocene Geosite
29.5.2 Limestone Klippen as Human Refuges Since the Bronze Age
29.6ƒCultural Value and Touristic Promotion
29.7ƒConclusion
References
Part III Geoheritage and Geotourism
30 Geomorphological Heritage and Geoconservation in the Czech Republic
Abstract
30.1ƒIntroduction
30.2ƒGeodiversity
30.2.1 Geoconservation
30.2.2 Geoheritage, Geosites and Geomorphosites
30.3ƒGeodiversity Values as a Basis for Geoconservation
30.4ƒPast and Present of Geoconservation in the Czech Republic
30.4.1 First Attempts: From the Middle Ages to the New Year’s Eve Decree
30.5ƒLegal Protection of Geological and Geomorphological Heritage
30.5.1 The Socialist Era: 1950s–1980s
30.5.2 From the Year 1989 to the Present
30.5.3 Other Geoconservation Activities
30.6ƒGeomorphological Heritage Within Protected Areas
30.7ƒPerspectives for the Protection of Geomorphological Heritage in the Czech Republic
References
31 Promoting Geomorphological Heritage: Bringing Geomorphology to People
Abstract
31.1ƒIntroduction
31.2ƒGeotourism: For What and for Whom?
31.3ƒGeoparks: The Focus of Geotourism Activities
31.3.1 Geopark Network in the Czech Republic
31.3.2 Bohemian Paradise Geopark: A Geological Handbook
31.3.3 Egeria Geopark and GeoLoci Geopark: Volcanism, Mineral Water and Mining History
31.3.4 Železné Hory Geopark: The History of the Earth in Three Days
31.3.5 Blaník Knights’ County National Geopark and Podbeskydí Geopark
31.4ƒBringing Geosciences to People: Geo-Trails, Geo-Gardens, Geo-Excursions
31.5ƒKarst Heritage: A Significant Attraction for Visitors
31.6ƒCultural Events Related to Geomorphology
31.7ƒPerspectives for the Future

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