Large Animal Internal Medicine 6th Edition by Bradford mith,Nicola Pusterla 0323554458 9780323554459

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ISBN 10:0323554458

ISBN 13: 9780323554459

Author:Bradford mith,Nicola Pusterla

**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 with “Essential Purchase” designation in Veterinary Medicine** Utilize a problem-oriented approach to the diagnosis of diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, and goats. Large Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition covers the diagnosis and management of disease in both ruminant and equine internal medicine. As the first veterinary internal medicine text to use a problem-based approach, it offers discussions of over 150 clinical signs and manifestations, as well as comprehensive coverage of laboratory and diagnostic testing. New to this edition is a versatile online reference platform and coverage of conditions that exist in Europe, Central and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. In addition, thoroughly revised and updated content includes new vaccines and vaccination protocols; the most current laboratories for DNA, genetic, and PCR testing; and colostrum supplements and replacers. It’s everything you need to stay up to date with the latest information on preventing and treating disease in large animals.

• Discussions of over 150 clinical signs or manifestations of disease provide you with a problem-based approach to diagnosis based on what you’ve observed and what laboratory tests reveal.
• Causes of Presenting Signs boxes offer quick access to the common, less common, and uncommon diseases associated with manifestations or signs of disease.
• Causes of Abnormal Laboratory Values boxes highlight the possible interpretations of abnormalities in clinical chemistry, hematology, blood proteins, and clotting tests.
• More than 200 expert authors contribute information in their areas of expertise for the most current, authoritative information on each topic.

• NEW! Expert Consult platform provides a versatile digital resource including bonus content, useful references, and videos to meet the needs of practicing equine and large animal veterinarians.
• NEW! Global conditions of importance are covered, including those previously not discussed, that exist in Europe, Central and South America, Australia, and New Zealand.
• NEW! Coverage of emerging and re-emerging diseases includes the new pathogen discovery.
• NEW! Assessment of vaccination status and susceptibility to infection discusses how antibody titers can predict protection for some pathogens.
• NEW! Description of epigenetics and metagenomics provides detailed coverage of these emerging areas of interest. 
• NEW! Table of zoonoses obtained from large animals includes symptoms and disinfection needs.
• NEW! Videos demonstrate how to perform ultrasound imaging on an equine and cow abdomen clearly showing where to position the probe, and what depth to use for scans of the kidneys, liver, and bowel. 
• NEW! Coverage of genetic disorders, Hydrocephalus in Fresians and Pulmonary hypoplasia with Anasarca in Dexter cattle help you to treat these disorders. 
• NEW! Extensively updated content clarifies the latest research and clinical findings on the West Nile Virus, therapeutic drug monitoring, muscle disorders, GI microbiota, the genetic basis for Immune-mediated myositis in Quarter Horses, discoveries in antimicrobial drugs, anthelmintic, and vaccines, and more!

Large Animal Internal Medicine 6th Table of contents:

Part 1 History, Physical Examination, and Medical Records

Introduction

• Chapter 1 Ruminant History, Physical Examination, Welfare Assessment, and Records

Obtaining the History

Examination

Medical Record

Diagnostic Tests That Can Be Applied in the Field

Assessing the Welfare of the Individual Animal or the Herd

Insurance, Interstate, and Prepurchase Health Examinations

References

• Chapter 2 Equine History, Physical Examination, Records, and Recognizing Abuse or Neglect in Patients*

Physical Examination Record

Equine Insurance

History

Physical Examination

Medical Record

Recognizing Abuse and Neglect in Equine Patients

Veterinarian’s Responsibility to Patient Welfare

References

Part 2 Manifestations of Disease

Introduction

• Chapter 3 Pain

Introduction

Diagnosing Pain in Livestock

Pharmacologic Interventions to Treat Livestock Pain

Summary

References

Further Reading

• Chapter 4 Alterations in Body Temperature

Control of Body Temperature

Conditions of Increased Body Temperature (Hyperthermia)

Fever

Fevers of Unknown Origin

Hypothermia

References

• Chapter 5 Alterations in Respiratory Function

Cough

Nasal Discharge

Epistaxis and Hemoptysis

Tachypnea

Respiratory Distress (Dyspnea)

Cyanosis

Abnormal Respiratory Noise (Stridor)

Exercise Intolerance and Poor Performance in Horses

References

• Chapter 6 Alterations in Cardiovascular and Hemolymphatic Systems*

Peripheral Edema, Pleural Effusion, and Ascites

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Cardiac Murmurs

Muffled Heart Sounds

Cardiovascular Exercise Intolerance, Weakness, and Syncope

Venous Distention and Pulsations

Painful Peripheral Swellings

Enlarged Lymph Nodes

Abnormal Peripheral Pulse

References

• Chapter 7 Alterations in Alimentary and Hepatic Function

Diarrhea

Colic

Melena

Blood, Fibrin, and/or Mucus in Feces (Dysentery)

Abdominal Distention and Constipation

Regurgitation and Vomiting

Dysphagia (Including Feed From Nares and Excessive Salivation)

Oral Vesicles, Erosions, Ulcers, or Growths

References

• Chapter 8 Localization and Differentiation of Neurologic Diseases

Terminology and Description of Clinical Signs of Neurologic Disease (See Table 8.1)

Diagnosis of Neurologic Diseases

Nervous System Examination

Localization of Central Nervous System Lesions

Localization of Neurologic Diseases by Major Clinical Signs

References

• Chapter 9 Alterations in Body Weight or Size

Mechanisms of Decreased Growth and Decreased Weight Gain

Weight Loss

Obesity

Pica

References

• Chapter 10 Alterations in Urinary Function

Dysuria, Stranguria, and Incontinence

Hematuria and Pigmenturia

Pyuria

Crystalluria

Polyuria

Anuria and Oliguria

Uremia

References

• Chapter 11 Alterations in the Skin*

General Approach to Diseases That Alter the Skin

Pruritus

Nodules, Tumors, and Swellings

Ulcerations and Erosions

Papules, Pustules, and Vesicles

Scaling and Crusting

Abnormal Coat Length and Density

Abnormal Pigmentation

References

• Chapter 12 Alterations in Sexual Function

Cyclic Irregularity

Anestrus

Repeat Breeder

Pregnancy Loss

Fescue Toxicosis

Prolonged Gestation

References

• Chapter 13 Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

Lameness and Stiffness

Postural Deformities

Swellings and Enlargements (Soft and Hard Tissue)

Swellings and Enlargements in Ruminants

Paresis and Weakness

Muscle Spasms and Myoclonus

Bibliography

• Chapter 14 Collapse and Sudden Death

Collapse Versus Sudden Death

Causes of Collapse and Sudden Death

References

Part 3 Disorders and Management of the Neonate

Introduction

• Chapter 15 The Equine Peripartum Period

Assessment of the Mare During Late Gestation

Effects of Placental Insufficiency

Placentitis

Systemic Disease in the Mare

Management of the High-Risk Late-Gestation Mare

Foal Resuscitation

Perinatal Asphyxia Syndrome

References

• Chapter 16 Assessment of the Newborn Foal

Neonatal Behavior

Maternal Behavior

Physical Assessment

References

• Chapter 17 Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Foals

General Principles of Treatment and Care of the Abnormal Foal

Sepsis

Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis

Noninfectious Causes of Lameness

Seizures

Neonatal Encephalopathy

Other Neurologic Conditions

Anemia

Maturity

Respiration

Diarrhea in Neonatal Foals

References

• Chapter 18 The Peripartum Ruminant

Late-Term Complications of Gestation

Assessment of Fetal Viability

Perinatal Adaptation

References

• Chapter 19 Initial Management and Clinical Investigation of Neonatal Ruminants

Environmental Management

Colostrogenesis and Colostral Components

Navel Treatment

Clinical Investigation of Neonatal Disease

References

• Chapter 20 Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Ruminants

Weakness and/or Depressed Mentation

Respiratory Difficulty

Abdominal Distention

Diarrhea

Lameness and Reluctance to Walk

Umbilical Enlargement

Anemia

Fever

Cyanosis

Heart Murmur

Icterus

Bleeding Disorders

Failure to Thrive: Cachexia and Weak Calf Syndrome

References

• Chapter 21 Colostrum and Milk Replacers

Colostrum Supplements and Replacements

Milk Replacers

References

Part 4 Collection of Samples and Interpretation of Laboratory Tests

Introduction

• Chapter 22 Clinical Chemistry Tests*

Submission of Laboratory Samples

Sources of Variation in Normal Values

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Imbalance (Traditional Approach or Hydrogen Ions–Centered Approach)

Serum Enzymes

Bilirubin

Glucose

Creatinine

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Serum Protein

Urinalysis

References

Useful Websites for Clinical Chemistry

• Chapter 23 Collection and Submission of Samples for Hematologic and Cytologic Evaluation*

Venipuncture Site and Technique

Handling and Transportation of Samples

General Principles for Submitting Cytology Samples

General Principles for Various Body Fluids

References

• Chapter 24 Alterations in the Erythron

Erythropoiesis

Laboratory Evaluation of Erythrocytes

Evaluation of the Anemic Patient

Erythrocytosis

References

• Chapter 25 Alterations in the Leukogram*

Leukocytes

Principles of Leukogram Interpretation

Approach to Interpretation of the Leukogram in Horses

Approach to Interpretation of the Leukogram in Ruminants

References

• Chapter 26 Alterations in Blood Proteins

Hyperproteinemia

The Acute Phase Response

Hypoproteinemia

References

• Chapter 27 Alterations in Hemostasis

Platelet Parameters

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytosis

Platelet Function Defects and Von Willebrand Disease

Prolonged Prothrombin Time

Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

Increased Fibrin and Fibrinogen Degradation Products

Decreased Plasma Antithrombin III

Hypofibrinogenemia

Thromboelastography

Other Tests of Hemostatic Function

References:

• Chapter 28 Collection and Analysis of Bone Marrow

Diagnostic Indications for Bone Marrow Aspiration or Biopsy

Bone Marrow Collection

Bone Marrow Evaluation

References

Color Plates

• Chapter 29 Molecular Diagnostics

Molecular Diagnostics in Large Animals

Molecular Testing for Infectious Diseases in Horses

Molecular Testing for Infectious Diseases in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

References

Part 5 Disorders of the Organ Systems

Introduction

• Chapter 30 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System*

Performing the Electrocardiogram

Use of Echocardiography in Large Animals

Cardiac Catheterization in Large Animals

Congenital Cardiovascular Disease

Valvular Heart Disease

Brisket Disease, Cor Pulmonale, and Pulmonary Hypertension

Myocardial Disease: Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy

Pericarditis

Cardiac Tumors

Vascular Disease: Aneurysms, Thrombosis, and Embolism

Atrial Fibrillation

Ventricular Tachycardia

References

• Chapter 31 Diseases of the Respiratory System

Disorders of the Lung

Diseases of Lymph Nodes, Vasculature, and Pharynx

Guttural Pouch Diseases

Diseases of the Paranasal Sinuses

Disorders of the Equine Soft Palate

Disorders of the Trachea

Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases*

Diseases of the Sinuses*

Diseases of the Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea*

Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases*

The Interstitial Pneumonias*

Chronic Progressive Pneumonias of Sheep and Goats

Parasitic Bronchitis and Pneumonia*

Bovine Tuberculosis

Other Pneumonias*

Diseases of the Thoracic Wall and Cavity*

Miscellaneous Conditions*

References

Color Plates

• Chapter 32 Diseases of the Alimentary Tract

Examination and Imaging of the Equine Alimentary System

Ruminant Alimentary Disease

References

Color Plates

• Chapter 33 Diseases of the Hepatobiliary System

Diagnosis of Liver Disease*

Infectious, Toxic, and Parasitic Liver Disease

Hepatic Lipidosis*

Congenital Hyperbilirubinemia

Miscellaneous Liver Diseases

Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Disease

Therapy of Liver Failure

Pancreatic Disease

References

• Chapter 34 Diseases of the Renal System

Acute Renal Failure

Chronic Renal Failure

Ulcerative Posthitis and Vulvitis

Urolithiasis

Urachal Disorders

Urinary Bladder Eversion and Prolapse

Pelvic Entrapment of the Bladder

Enzootic Hematuria

Urinary Tract Infection

Amyloidosis

Glomerulonephritis

Congenital Defects

Neoplasia

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Tubular Necrosis

Leptospirosis

References

• Chapter 35 Diseases of the Nervous System

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Electrodiagnostic Testing

Diseases Manifesting Principally With Forebrain Dysfunction or Multiple-Level Brain Dysfunction

Diseases Manifesting Principally With Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Dysfunction

Diseases Manifesting Principally With Spinal Cord or Peripheral Nerve Signs

References

• Chapter 36 Mammary Gland Health and Disorders

Mammary Gland Health of Dairy Cattle

Economic Impact of Mastitis of Dairy Cattle

Anatomic Structures of the Bovine Mammary Gland

Diagnosis and Detection of Mastitis

Prevention and Control of Mastitis

Mastitis Therapy: Antimicrobial Drugs

Mastitis in Beef Cows

Mastitis in Small Ruminants

Mastitis in Horses

References

• Chapter 37 Diseases of the Hematopoietic and Hemolymphatic Systems

Diseases Associated With Blood Loss or Hemostatic Dysfunction

Hemoperitoneum in Horses

Chronic Blood Loss

Gastric Ulceration

Hemostatic Dysfunction

Inherited Coagulation Disorders

Thrombasthenias

Acquired Hemostatic Disorders

Anaplasma Phagocytophila Infection in Horses

Thrombocytopenia

Disorders of Coagulation Factors

Diseases Associated With Increased Erythrocyte Destruction (Hemolytic Anemia)

Bovine Anaplasmosis

Babesiosis

Haemobartonellosis (Eperythrozoonosis)

Theileriasis

Leptospirosis

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria (Red Water)

Equine Infectious Anemia

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis in Horse and Mule Foals

Intravascular Hemolysis Following Cutaneous Burns

l-Tryptophan-Indol Intoxication

Water Intoxication

Postparturient Hemoglobinuria

Hemolytic Syndrome in Horses With Liver Failure

Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria

Depression Anemia

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiency

Anemia of Inflammatory Disease

Anemia Secondary to Organ Dysfunction

Myeloid and Megakaryocytic Bone Marrow Hypoplasia

Aplastic Anemia

Paradoxical Erythroid Hypoplasia

Erythrocytosis (Polycythemia)

Bovine Lymphoma

Lymphoma in Horses

Leukemia in the Horse

Myeloma in the Horse

Lymphangioma in the Horse

Anthrax

Lyme Disease

Tularemia

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection

References

• Chapter 38 Diseases of the Bones, Joints, and Connective Tissues

Physitis (Epiphysitis)

Osteochondrosis

Angular Limb Deformities

Ovine Hereditary Chondrodysplasia (Spider Lamb Syndrome)

Septic (Infectious) Arthritis and Osteomyelitis

Mycoplasma Polyarthritis in Goats

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus

Osteoarthritis

Sprains, Subluxations, and Luxations

Arthrogryposis

Ankylosis

Osteomyelitis

Heel and Foot Pain

Spondylitis and Diskospondylitis

Spondylosis

Laminitis

Fluorosis

Hypertrophic Osteopathy

Fescue Foot

Interdigital Necrobacillosis (Foot Rot) in Cattle

Infectious Foot Rot in Small Ruminants

Other Infectious Conditions of the Foot

Fistulous Withers

Flexural Limb Deformities

Tendinitis

Suspensory Ligament Desmitis

Fractures

Spontaneous Fractures in Ruminants

Dorsal Metacarpal Disease in the Horse

Silicate Associated Osteoporosis

Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy

References

• Chapter 39 Diseases of the Eye

Ophthalmic History and Examination*

Signs of Ocular Disease*

Ocular Trauma*

Infectious Ocular Diseases

Immune-Mediated Ocular Diseases

Ocular Parasites*

Ocular Neoplasia*

References

Color Plates

• Chapter 40 Diseases of the Skin*

Autoimmune Skin Disorders

Hypersensitivity Disorders

Bacterial Diseases

Viral Diseases

Fungal Diseases

Parasitic Skin Diseases

Tumors and Cysts

Environmental Diseases

Skin Disorders of Unknown or Genetic Origin

References

Color Plates

• Chapter 41 Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Pituitary and Hypothalamus

Adrenal Glands

Anhidrosis

Thyroid Gland

Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Endocrinopathic Laminitis

Parathyroid Gland, Calcium, and Phosphorus Regulation in Horses

Endocrine Dysfunction in Critical Illness

Macromineral and Bone Problems of Ruminants

Hyperketonemia in Dairy Cattle (Ketosis)

Bovine Somatotropin

References

• Chapter 42 Diseases of Muscle

Classification of Muscle Disorders

Disorders of Muscle Tone

Nonexertional Rhabdomyolysis

Exertional Myopathies in Horses

Hereditary and Congenital Myopathies

References

• Chapter 43 Diseases of the Reproductive System

Nonpathogenic Infertility

Infertility Caused by Abnormalities of the Female Genital Organs

Abnormalities of the Ovaries

Infertility Caused by Abnormalities of the Female Tubular Genitalia

Abortion

Infertility Caused by Diseases of the Penis and Prepuce

Infertility Caused by Diseases of the Scrotum and Testes

Infertility Caused by Diseases of the Spermatic Cord

Infertility Caused by Diseases of the Epididymis and Accessory Sex Glands

References

Part 6 Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies

Introduction

• Chapter 44 Critical Care and Fluid Therapy

Fluid Therapy in Ruminants

References

• Chapter 45 Rational Antimicrobial Therapy

Antimicrobial Stewardship

Medication Use in Food-Producing Animals

References

• Chapter 46 Biosecurity and Infection Control

How Much Is Enough? How Much Is Too Little?

Principles of Infection Control

Environmental Hygiene

Hand Hygiene

Barrier Protocols and Protective Attire

Animal Movement and Housing

Surveillance

Education and Awareness

Intervention and Investigation of Outbreaks of Health Care–Associated Infections

Infection Control Issues Related to Specific Pathogens

References

• Chapter 47 Prevention, Detection, and Response to Transboundary (Foreign) Animal Diseases

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Accreditation Program

Overview of Foreign Animal Disease Investigation and Response

Future of Foreign Animal Disease Detection and Response

References

Other Valuable Foreign Animal Disease–Related Web Resources

• Chapter 48 Use of Biologics in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases

Current Concepts in Equine Vaccination and Infectious Disease Control

Ovine and Caprine Vaccination Programs

Bovine Vaccines and Herd Vaccination Programs

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus Vaccines

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines

Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus Vaccines

Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Bibersteinia trehalosi

Bovine Reproductive Disease Vaccines

Neonatal Calf Enteric Disease Vaccines

Bacterial Scours Vaccines

Clostridial Vaccines

Miscellaneous Bovine Rickettsial, Bacterial, and Viral Disease Vaccines

References

• Chapter 49 Parasite Control Programs

Equine Parasitic Disease

Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Cattle

Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Sheep and Goats

Evaluation of Parasite Control Programs

Lungworm Infection in Large Animals

Coccidiosis in Food Animals

Anthelmintic Use

Anthelmintic Drugs (see Table 49.4),

References

• Chapter 50 Nutrition of the Sick Animal

Introduction

Assessment of Nutritional Status

Nutritional Needs of Sick or Injured Large Animals

Nutritional Support of the Neonate

Enteral Routes of Nutritional Supplementation

Liquid Diets for Horses

Liquid Diets for Ruminants

Enteral Supplementation in Neonates

Parenteral Nutrition

Dextrose

Complex Parenteral Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition in Ruminants

Conclusions

References

Part 7 Congenital, Hereditary, Immunologic, and Toxic Disorders

Introduction

• Chapter 51 Genetic Disorders

Genetic Information

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Breeding Schemes

Positive and Negative Selection

Recommendations for Breeding Programs

Obtaining Genetic Information

References

• Chapter 52 Genetic Tests for Large Animals

Individual Identification and Parentage Testing

Identifying Genetic Mutations

Disease Testing

References

• Chapter 53 Immunologic Disorders

Equine Immunologic Disorders

Diseases Caused by Allogeneic Incompatibilities (Horses and Ruminants)

Ruminant Immunologic Disorders

References

• Chapter 54 Disorders Caused by Toxicants*

Poisonous Plants

Metals and Other Inorganic Compounds

Medications, Therapeutic Agents, and Illicit Substances

Pesticides and Rodenticides

References

Color Plates

 

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