Little Brown Handbook The MLA Update 1st edition by Fowler , Aaron , Greer 013477065X 9780135571316

ISBN 10: 013477065X

ISBN 13: 9780135571316

Author: Fowler, Aaron,Greer

This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. For courses in English Composition.   The platinum standard of handbooks¿¿ — unmatched in accuracy, currency, and reliability The Little, Brown Handbook is an essential reference tool designed to help readers find the answers they need quickly and easily. While keeping pace with rapid changes in writing and its teaching, this meticulous handbook combines comprehensive research and documentation ¿¿with grammar coverage that is second to none. Incorporating detailed discussions of critical reading, media literacy, academic writing, argument, and much more, The Little, Brown Handbook is an accurate, reliable, and accessible resource for writers of varying experience levels and in a variety of fields. The 14th Edition includes over 90 new student samples, new learning objectives, updates to MLA and Chicago style, a new chapter on writing about literature, and more.   The Little, Brown Handbook is also available via Revel™, an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience. Learn more about Revel.

Part 1: The Process of Writing

Chapter 1: Assessing the Writing Situation

1.1. How Writing Happens

1.2. The Writing Situation

1.3. Audience

1.4. Purpose

1.5. Subject

1.6. Genre and Medium

Chapter 2: Discovering and Shaping Ideas

2.1. Invention

2.2. Thesis

2.3. Organization

Sample Informative Essay

Chapter 3: Drafting, Revising, and Editing

3.1. First Draft

Sample First Draft

3.2. Revising

3.3. Peer Review

3.4. Sample Revision

Sample Revised Draft

3.5. Editing

3.6. Final Draft

Sample Final Draft

Chapter 4: Writing and Revising Paragraphs

4.1. Flow

4.2. Unity

4.3. Coherence

4.4. Development

4.5. Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions

Chapter 5: Presenting Writing

5.1. Academic Writing

5.2. Visuals and Media

5.3. Writing Online

Sample Literacy Narrative Blog Post

5.4. Oral Presentations

Sample Presentation Slides

5.5. Portfolios

Part 2: Reading and Writing in and out of College

Chapter 6: Writing in Academic Situations

6.1. Purpose and Audience

6.2. Genre

6.3. Writing with Sources

6.4. Academic Language

6.5. Communication in Academic Settings

Chapter 7: Critical Reading and Writing

7.1. Critical Thinking

7.2. Techniques of Critical Reading

7.3. Summarizing

7.4. Critical Response

7.5. Visual Analysis

7.6. Writing a Critical Analysis

7.7. Sample Critical Responses

Sample Critical Analysis of a Text

Sample Critical Analysis of a Visual

Chapter 8: Reading Arguments Critically

8.1. The Elements of Argument

8.2. Claims

8.3. Evidence

8.4. Reliability

8.5. Assumptions

8.6. Language and Tone

8.7. Fallacies

8.8. Visual Arguments

Chapter 9: Writing an Argument

9.1. Subject

9.2. Thesis, Purpose, and Audience

9.3. Reasoning

9.4. Evidence

9.5. Engaging Readers

9.6. Organizing and Revising

9.7. Sample Argument

Sample Proposal Argument

Chapter 10: Taking Essay Exams

10.1. Preparing

10.2. Planning

10.3. Writing

Sample Essay Exam Answer

Chapter 11: Public Writing

11.1. Social Media

11.2. Letters and Memos

Sample Business Letter

Sample Memo

11.3. Job Applications

Sample Job Application Letter

Sample Résumés

11.4. Reports and Proposals

Sample Report and Proposal

11.5. Community Service

Sample Social-Media Post

Part 3: Grammatical Sentences

Chapter 12: Understanding Sentence Grammar

12.1. Sentence Basics

12.2. Sentence Patterns

12.3. Single-Word Modifiers

12.4. Word Groups

12.5. Compound Constructions

12.6. Inverted Order

12.7. Sentence Types

Chapter 13: Case of Nouns and Pronouns

13.1. Subjective, Objective, and Possessive Cases

13.2. Compound Subjects and Objects

13.3. Common Questions about Case

Chapter 14: Verbs

14.1. Verb Forms

14.2. Easily Confused Verb Forms

14.3. Verb Endings

14.4. Helping Verbs

14.5. Verbs with Gerunds and Infinitives

14.6. Verbs with Particles

14.7. Verb Tenses

14.8. Sequence of Tenses

14.9. Subjunctive Mood

14.10. Active and Passive Voice

Chapter 15: Agreement

15.1. Subject-Verb Agreement

15.2. Unusual Word Order

15.3. Subjects Joined by Conjunctions

15.4. Indefinite and Relative Pronouns

15.5. Collective and Plural Nouns

15.6. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Chapter 16: Adjectives and Adverbs

16.1. Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs

16.2. Comparative and Superlative Forms

16.3. Double Negatives

16.4. Nouns as Modifiers

16.5. Determiners

Part 4: Clear Sentences

Chapter 17: Sentence Fragments

17.1. Identifying Fragments

17.2. Correcting Fragments

17.3. Common Types of Fragments

17.4. Acceptable Fragments

Chapter 18: Comma Splices and Fused Sentences

18.1. Identifying Comma Splices and Fused Sentences

18.2. Correcting Comma Splices and Fused Sentences

Chapter 19: Pronoun Reference

19.1. Clear Reference

19.2. Close Reference

19.3. Specific Reference

19.4. Appropriate You, Who, Which, and That

Chapter 20: Shifts

20.1. Types of Shifts

20.2. Person and Number

20.3. Tense and Mood

20.4. Subject and Voice

20.5. Direct and Indirect Quotations and Questions

Chapter 21: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

21.1. Clear Placement

21.2. Limiting Modifiers

21.3. Squinting Modifiers

21.4. Separated Subjects, Verbs, and Objects

21.5. Separated Infinitives and Verb Phrases

21.6. Position of Adverbs

21.7. Order of Adjectives

21.8. Dangling Modifiers

Chapter 22: Mixed and Incomplete Sentences

22.1 Mixed Grammar

22.2. Mixed Meaning

22.3. Incomplete Compounds

22.4. Incomplete Comparisons

22.5. Careless Omissions

Part 5: Effective Sentences

Chapter 23: Emphasizing Ideas

23.1. Subjects and Verbs

23.2. Subject Beginnings and Endings

23.3. Parallel Elements

23.4. Repetition and Separation

23.5. Conciseness

Chapter 24: Using Coordination and Subordination

24.1. Coordination

24.2. Subordination

24.3. Connecting Words

Chapter 25: Using Parallelism

25.1. Understanding Parallelism

25.2. Equal Elements

25.3. Coherence

Chapter 26: Achieving Variety

26.1. Sentence Length and Structure

26.2. Sentence Beginnings

26.3. Word Order

Part 6: Punctuation

Chart: Commas, Semicolons, Colons, Dashes, and Parentheses

Chapter 27: End Punctuation

27.1. Period

27.2. Question Mark

27.3. Exclamation Point

Chapter 28: The Comma

28.1. Uses of the Comma

28.2. Main Clauses Linked by Conjunctions

28.3. Introductory Elements

28.4. Nonessential Elements

28.5. Series and Coordinate Adjectives

28.6. Quotations and Other Conventional Uses

28.7. Unnecessary Commas

Chapter 29: The Semicolon

29.1. Main Clauses without Coordinating Conjunctions

29.2. Main Clauses with Transitional Words

29.3. Main Clauses That Are Long or Contain Commas

29.4. Items in a Series

29.5. Unnecessary Semicolons

Chapter 30: The Apostrophe

30.1. Possession

30.2. Contractions and Abbreviations

Chapter 31: Quotation Marks

31.1. Direct Quotations

31.2. Titles of Works

31.3. Words Used in a Special Sense

31.4. With Other Punctuation

Chapter 32: Other Punctuation Marks

32.1. Colon

32.2. Dash

32.3. Parentheses

32.4. Brackets

32.5. Ellipsis Mark

32.6. Slash

Part 7: Mechanics

Chapter 33: Capitals

33.1. Conventions

33.2. First Word of a Sentence

33.3. Titles and Subtitles

33.4. Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives

Chapter 34: Italics or Underlining

34.1. Titles of Works

34.2. Foreign Words and for Emphasis

Chapter 35: Abbreviations

35.1. Abbreviations in Nontechnical Writing

35.2. Misuses of Abbreviations

Chapter 36: Numbers

36.1. Numerals and Words

36.2. Dates and Addresses

Part 8: Effective Words

Chapter 37: Using Appropriate Language

37.1. Standard English

37.2. Texting and Electronic Shortcuts

37.3. Slang, Colloquialisms, Regionalisms, and Jargon

37.4. Indirect or Pretentious Writing

37.5. Sexist and Biased Language

Chapter 38: Using Exact Language

38.1. Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Spelling Checker

38.2. Denotation and Connotation

38.3. Abstract and Concrete Words

38.4. Idioms

38.5. Figurative Language

38.6. Trite Expressions

Chapter 39: Writing Concisely

39.1. Achieving Conciseness

39.2. Subjects and Verbs

39.3. Empty Words and Phrases

39.4. Unnecessary Repetition

39.5. Other Strategies

Chapter 40: Spelling and the Hyphen

40.1. Common Spelling Problems

40.2. Spelling Rules

40.3. Spelling Skills

40.4. Hyphenating Words

Part 9: Research Writing

Chapter 41: Planning a Research Project

41.1. The Process of Research Writing

41.2. Research Questions

41.3. Research Strategies

41.4. Working Bibliographies

Sample Annotated Bibliography Entry

Chapter 42: Finding Sources

42.1. Search Strategies

42.2. Reference Works

42.3. Books and Periodicals

42.4. Web Search Strategies

42.5. Social Media

42.6. Government Publications

42.7. Visuals and Media

42.8. Primary Research

Chapter 43: Working with Sources

43.1. Interacting with Sources

Sample Annotated Source

43.2. Evaluating sources

43.3. Synthesizing Sources

43.4. Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation

43.5. Integrating Sources

Chapter 44: Avoiding Plagiarism

44.1. Defining Plagiarism

44.2. Information You Do Not Need to Cite

44.3. Information You Must Cite

44.4. Documenting Sources

44.5. Copyright and Permissions

Chapter 45: Writing the Paper

45.1. Developing a Thesis

45.2. Organizing Your Ideas

45.3. Drafting a Research Paper

45.4. Revising and Editing

45.5. Preparing a Final Draft

Chapter 46: Using MLA Documentation and Format

46.1. In-text Citations

46.2. List of Works Cited

46.3. MLA Paper Format

Chapter 47: Two Research Papers in MLA Style

47.1. Sample Research Paper in MLA Style

“The Dream of Sustainable Agriculture”

47.2. Sample Literary Research Paper in MLA Style

“Intersecting Race and Gender in Angelia Weld Grimké’s Rachel”

Part 10: Writing in the Academic Disciplines

Chapter 48: Reading and Writing about Literature

48.1. The Methods of Literary Analysis

48.2. Writing Assignments in Literature

48.3. The Tools and Language of Literary Analysis

48.4. Citing Sources When Writing about Literature

48.5. Writing a Literary Analysis

Sample Literary Analysis

Chapter 49: Writing in Other Humanities

49.1. Methods and Evidence

49.2. Common Writing Assignments

49.3. Tools and Language

49.4. Documenting Sources

49.5. Paper Format

Chapter 50: Writing in the Social Sciences

50.1. Common Genres in the Social Sciences

50.2. Research Conventions in the Social Sciences

50.3. In-text Citations in APA Style

50.4. References in APA Style

50.5. Research Paper Format in APA Style

50.6. Sample Research Paper in APA Style

“Perceptions of Mental Illness on College Campuses”

Chapter 51: Writing in the Natural and Applied Sciences

51.1. Methods and Evidence

51.2. Common Writing Assignments

51.3. Tools and Language

51.4. CSE Style

51.5. Paper Format

51.6. Sample Paper