Mitonuclear ecology First Edition by Geoffrey Hill ISBN 978-0198818250 0198818254

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 0198818254

ISBN 13: 978-0198818250

Author: Geoffrey E. Hill

This novel text provides a concise synthesis of how the interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes have played a major role in shaping the ecology and evolution of eukaryotes. The foundation for this new focus on mitonuclear interactions originated from research in biochemistry and cell biology laboratories, although the broader ecological and evolutionary implications have yet to be fully explored. The imperative for mitonuclear coadaptation is proposed to be a major selective force in the evolution of sexual reproduction and two mating types in eukaryotes, in the formation of species, in the evolution of ornaments and sexual selection, in the process of adaptation, and in the evolution of senescence. The book highlights the importance of mitonuclear coadaptation to the evolution of complex life and champions mitonuclear ecology as an important subdiscipline in ecology and evolution.

Table of contents: 

I The genomic architecture of eukaryotes

Eukaryotic evolution

Eukaryotes are chimeras

OXPHOS and the electron transport system

Massive genomic restructuring

The mitochondrial genome

The retention of a mt genome

Co-location for redox regulation (CORR)

The endpoint of gene transfer

Characteristics of mitochondrial genomes

Classes of genes and abbreviations

Summary

2 Forms and consequences of incompatibility

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron

transport system

Arenas of mitonuclear interaction

Protein-protein interactions

Protein-DNA interactions

Protein-RNA interactions

Anterograde and retrograde signals

Evidence for mitonuclear coadaptation

Cybrid cell lines

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Hybrid backcrosses

Hybrid crosses: Classic studies with Tigriopus copepods

Within-species mitonuclear studies

Summary

3 Compensatory coevolution

Mutational erosion

The problem with non-recombining genomes

The mitonuclear compensatory coevolution hypothesis

Compensatory vs complementary coevolution

Evidence for compensatory coevolution

Evidence for N compensation for deleterious mt genes

Experimental evidence of compensatory coevolution

Patterns of mutation and selection in mt and N genomes

Rates of evolutionary change among mt, N, and N-mt genes

Alternative explanations for patterns in comparative data

Whole-gene and whole-genome mechanisms of compensatory coevolution

Compensation through protein subunits

Mitochondrial introgression as a compensatory mechanism

Summary

4 Coevolution, co-transmission, and conflict

Co-transmission and coevolution

The tradeoff between co-transmission and evolability

Sex chromosomes

Sex linkage and co-transmission

Genomic conflict

Nuclear restorer genes

Which dictates eukaryotic evolution: Cooperation or conflict?

Within-individual conflict: Mito vs mito

Endosymbionts

Conflict arising from third genomes

Summary

5 The evolution of sex and two sexes

The evolution of sex

The necessity of recombination

The evolution of sex in light of mitochondrial evolution

Avoiding mutational meltdown

The evolution of two sexes

The evolution of anisogamy

Anisogamy, mating types, and mitochondrial inheritance

Genomic conflict within an individual

Selection against heteroplasmy and selection for

mitonuclear coadaptation

Conflict versus coadaptation

Summary

6 Life eternal in the face of senescence

mt DNA mutation

What underlies mutations in the mt genome?

The evolution of germ lines

Strong selection on germ cells before proliferation and atresia

Strong selection on germ cells after proliferation and atresia

Why plants and most other eukaryotes don’t have a germ line

Selection on the male germ line

Selection across developmental stages

Evolution of senescence

Antagonistic pleiotropy

The mitochondrial theory of aging

The free radical theory of aging

The replication error theory of aging

Apoptotic threshold

Summary

7 Mitonuclear speciation

Traditional species concepts

Speciation fundamentals: Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility

The mitonuclear compatibility species concept

Mitonuclear coevolution when gene flow is disrupted mt DNA barcodes as evidence for mitonuclear speciation

Mitonuclear speciation driven by mitochondrial-based adaptation

Mitonuclear interactions and gene flow

Allele dominance and introgression of mt and N genes

Sex linkage and speciation

Effects of sex linkage on mitonuclear gene interactions

Darwin’s corollary to Haldane’s rule

What does mitochondrial introgression mean for speciation?

Other potential drivers of mt introgression

Cytoplasmically inherited bacteria

Co-introgression of coadapted mt and N-mt genes

A unified concept of species

Summary

8 Mitonuclear mate choice

Mate choice basics

Choice for shared mt genotype

The mitonuclear compatibility hypothesis of sexual selection

Ornamentation gaps coincide with barcode gaps

Sex linkage and sexual selection

ZW sex determination and ornamentation

Linkage of ornamental traits

Assessment within species

Signals of mitochondrial function

Species-typical vs condition-dependent ornamentation

Carotenoid coloration in birds as a signal of mitochondrial function Summary

9 Adaptation and adaptive radiation

Environments to which mitochondrial adaptation is responsive

Mechanisms for mitonuclear adaptation

Mechanisms of thermal adaptation

Mechanism of adaptation to partial pressure of oxygen

Mechanisms of adaptation to diet

Mechanisms of adaptation to salt and hydrogen sulfide

The next generation of studies of functional mitochondrial adaptation

Evidence for adaptive evolution of mt and N-mt genes

Adaptation arising from standing variation in mt genotypes

Adaptive divergence at species boundaries

Adaptation via mitochondrial introgression

Signatures of adaptive evolution

Adaptive radiation via mt evolution

Human mt genotypes and environment

Summary

10 Epilogue

References

Index

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