Natural Fibres Advances in Science and Technology Towards Industrial Applications 1st Edition by Raul Fangueiro,Sohel Rana 9401775133 9789401775137

1 Fibre Science: Understanding How It Works and Speculating on Its Future

Abstract

Introduction

The Way Fibres and Fibrous Structures Work

Impact of Emerging Sciences and Technologies in Fibre Science

Speculating on Future Product Development

Conclusions

References

2 Wool in Human Health and Well-Being

Abstract

Introduction

Skin Health

Physical Contact Between Textiles/Garments and Human Skin

Thermal and Moisture Properties

Human Body Odour—Textiles, Clothing, Footwear

Sleep—Bed Clothes, Sleepwear, Bedding

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

3 Correlations Between the Physiochemical Characteristics of Plant Fibres and Their Mechanical Prope

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Materials

Chemical Composition of Fibres

Measurement of the Microfibril Angle

Tensile Properties of Fibres

Principal Component Analysis

Results and Discussion

Carbohydrate and Lignin Content of the Plant Fibres

Measurement of the Plant Fibres Microfibril Angle

Tensile Properties of Plant Fibres

Damping Coefficient of Plant Fibres

Determination of the Correlation Between Variables Using Principal Component Analysis

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

4 Influence of Stem Morphology and Fibres Stiffness on the Loading Stability of Flax

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results

Stem Height and Fibre Yield

Elementary Fibres Mechanical Properties

Organization and Morphology of the Stems

Correlation Between the Stem Stiffness or Morphology and the Fibre Mechanical Properties

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

5 Young’s Modulus of Plant Fibers

Abstract

Introduction

Decrease of the Young’s Modulus as a Function of the Apparent Diameter of the Fiber

Taking into Account the Presence of the Lumen

Assuming the Presence of Another Structural Heterogeneity

Conclusion

References

6 Characterization of Brazil Nut Fibers

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Material

Fiber Characterization

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG)

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) Analysis

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Part IINew, Functional and NanodimensionalNatural Fibres

7 Brazilian Buriti Palm Fiber (Mauritia flexuosa Mart.)

Abstract

Introduction

Buriti Palm Tree

Collection, Processing and Traditional Employment

Physicochemical Properties and New Employments

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

8 Degradation of Dyes Using Plantain Fibers Modified with Nanoparticles

Abstract

Introduction

Plantain Crops in Colombia

Current Applications of Plantain Fibers

Contamination by Chemical Dyes

Methodology

Extraction of Fibers from Plantain Pseudostem

Cationization Process

Functionalization of Fibers

Dye Degradation

Results and Discussion

Fibers Characterization

Dye Degradation

Discussion

Conclusions

References

9 Removal of Crude Oil Using a New Natural Fibre—Calotropis procera

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Part

Materials

Calotropis procera Fibres

Water Drop Absorption Test

Petroleum

Experimental Planning by Statistical Analysis

Kinetic Study

Results and Discussion

Microstructural Characterization of Calotropis procera Fibre

Characterization of Petroleum

Statistical Analysis by RSM (Response Surface Methodology)

Conclusion

References

10 Amazonian Tururi Palm Fiber Material (Manicaria saccifera Gaertn.)

Abstract

Introduction

The Ubuçu Palm Tree

Collection, Processing and Traditional Employment

Physicochemical Properties and New Employments

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

11 Nanoindentation Measurements of Jute/Poly Lactic Acid Composites

Abstract

Overview of Present Situation

Present State of Problems

Experimental Methods

Materials

Pulverization of Jute Fibers to Nanofibers

Preparation of Nanocomposite Films

Testing of Nanocomposite Films

Results and Conclusions

Effect of Milling Condition on Particle Size Reduction of Jute Fibers

Effect of Wet Milling Time on Particle Size Reduction of Jute Fibers

Comparison of Size Measured on Different Techniques

Nanoindentation Measurements

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

Tensile Testing

Conclusions

References

12 Biomedical Applications of Nanocellulose

Abstract

Introduction

From Cellulose to Nanocellulose: Types of Nanocellulose

Applications in Biomedical Field

Conclusions and Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Part IIINatural Fibre Reinforced PolymericComposites

13 A Finite Element Analysis to Validate the Rule-of-Mixtures for the Prediction of the Young’s Modu

Abstract

Introduction

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Poisson’s Ratio

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

14 Effects of Water Ageing on the Mechanical Properties of Flax and Glass Fibre Composites: Degradat

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Materials

Resin and Fibres

Chemical Treatment

Vacuum Infusion Processing of Composite Sheets

Methods

Water Ageing Conditions

Water Uptake, Volume and Density Variations

Composites Drying

Viscoelastic Properties Measured by Vibration Analysis

Uniaxial Tensile Tests

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

References

15 Processing of Wet Preserved Natural Fibers with Injection Molding Compounding (IMC)

Abstract

Introduction

Novel Supply Chain for Fibrous Raw Materials

Processing with IMC

Processing, Sampling and Characterization of Products

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

16 Fluorination as an Effective Way to Reduce Natural Fibers Hydrophilicity

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Materials

Direct Fluorination of the Wood Flour

FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopy

TGA

SEM Analysis

X-ray Tomography

Hygroscopic Testing of the Wood Flour

Wood-Polyester Composite Processing

Composite Mechanical Characterization

Hygroscopic Behavior of the Composites

Results and Discussion

Covalent Grafting of Fluorine on Wood

Decrease of Wood Hydrophilicity

Preservation of the Structure of Wood

Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of Wood

Improvement of the Composite Health

Improvement of the Composite Mechanical Properties

Improvement of the Composite Hygroscopic Behavior

Conclusions

References

17 DSC Analysis of In Situ Polymerized Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Flax Fiber Reinforced Composites

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Materials

RTM Set-up and Composite Manufacturing Details

DSC Analysis

Results and Discussion

Production

DSD Analysis

Flax Fibers

CBT 160 Resin

pCBT Polymer

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

18 Parametric Study on the Manufacturing of Biocomposite Materials

Abstract

Introduction

Materials

Manufacturing

Experimental Tests

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

19 The Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Composites

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Method

Results

Izod Impact

Three Point Bending

Electron Microscopy Studies

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

20 Eco-friendly Flax Fibre/Epoxy Resin/Composite System for Surfboard Production

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Materials Selection

Laboratory Process

Results

Eco-surfboard Production

Conclusion

Future Work

Acknowledgments

References

21 The Use of Cellulosic Fibers Wastes to Increase the Mechanical Behaviour of Biodegradable Composi

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Materials

Preparation of the Composites

Mechanical Characterization

Tensile Properties Measurements

Flexural Properties Measurements

Instrumented Impact Properties Measurements

Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) Measurements

Experimental Results and Remarks

Conclusion and Final Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Part IVNatural Fibre Reinforced CementitiousComposites

22 Hemp Fibres—A Promising Reinforcement for Cementitious Materials

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Concrete and Hemp Fibres

Experimental Program

Results and Discussion

Compression Strength

Load—Crack Mouth Opening Displacement Curve

Splitting Tensile Strength

Energy Dissipation Capacity

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

23 Tensile and Bond Characterization of Natural Fibers Embeeded in Inorganic Matrices

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Specimens

Test Methods

Results and Discussion

Mortar Properties

Tensile Tests Results

Pull-Out Tests Results

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

24 Eco-Efficient Earthen Plasters: The Influence of the Addition of Natural Fibers

Abstract

Introduction

Materials

Mortar’s Formulations and Fresh State Characterization

Hardened State Characterization

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Part VInnovative Applicationsof Natural Fibres

25 Poly Lactic Acid Fibre Based Biodegradable Stents and Their Functionalization Techniques

Abstract

Introduction

Natural-Based Stents

PLLA Stents

Chitosan Stents

Stents Functionalization

Layer by Layer

Chitosan Coatings

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

26 Optimization of a Wood Plastic Composite to Produce a New Dynamic Shading System

Abstract

Introduction

Dynamic Shading System Modeling

Materials and Methods

Materials

Methods

Results

Conclusions

References

27 Biodegradation of Wool Used for the Production of Innovative Geotextiles Designed to Erosion Cont

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Conclusions

Mechanical Parameters

Fibres Morphology

Fibres Composition

Conslusions

Acknowledgments

References

28 Renewable Materials for Stab Resistance

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

29 Hemp Fibre from Crops Grown on Reclaimed Land for the Production of Sanitary Mats

Abstract

Introduction

Construction and the Properties of Sanitary Mats

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

References

Part VIMarket, Opportunities, Recycling andSustainability Aspects of Natural Fibres

30 Natural Fibres and the World Economy

Abstract

Introduction

Wool

Sisal

Flax/Linen

Hemp

Cotton

Jute and Kenaf

Silk

Other Natural Fibers

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

31 Wool as an Heirloom: How Natural Fibres Can Reinvent Value in Terms of Money, Life-Span and Love

Abstract

Imported Silk and Billowing Sails

Growth Spiral and Circular Ideology

Life Span and Love

Monetary Value and Tradition—Elements of New BMs

Norwegian Wool

Scandinavian Business Seating—New Flexibility for Norwegian Wool and Local Production

Sølv—New Twist on an Old Business Model

Graveniid—New Use of Lapp Traditions, Northern Norway

Maxhosa by Laduma—New Use of Xhosa Traditions, South Africa

Selbu Mittens—New Thinking About Fair Price for Quality

VikingGold—Reconquering the Vikings Textiles

Conclusion: From Nature with Love

Acknowledgements

References

32 Hemp Cultivation Opportunities and Perspectives in Lithuania

Abstract

Introduction

Results and Discussion

Hemp Cultivation Technology Opportunities

Hemp Cultivation Perspectives in Lithuania

Conclusions

References

33 Review of Wool Recycling and Reuse

Abstract

Introduction

Collection and Sorting of Post-consumer Clothing

Destinations of Post-consumer Clothing

Heirloom Clothing Items

Composition of Fibre Available for Recycling and Reuse

Wool Fibre Recycling

Open Loop Recycling of Wool Garments

Closed Loop Recycling of Wool Garments

Recycling of Corporate Clothing Containing Wool

Case Studies

References

34 Brazilian Scope of Management and Recycling of Textile Wastes

Abstract

Introduction

Mechanical Processes for Textile Recycling

Recycled Cotton Yarn and Jeans

The Generation of Textile Wastes in Brazil

Incipient Brazilian Actions Toward the Sustainability

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

35 Cotton Dyeing with Extract from Renewable Agro Industrial Bio-resources: A Step Towards Sustainab

Abstract

Introduction

General Approach

Synthetic Dyes

Natural Dyes

Natural Dyes Chemistry

Mordants

Natural Mordants

Acacia Dealbata

Natural Dyes Benefits

Environmental Sustainability

Wastes: Source of Natural Dyes

Olive Tree Culture

Olive Tree Pruning Wastes

Materials and Methods

Cotton Pre-treatment

Dyeing Bath Obtainment

Dyeing Procedure

Colour Assessment

Colour-Fastness Evaluation

Results and Conclusions

Extraction of Different Materials Studied

Dyeing Results

Extracted Temperature Solution and Material Conditions

pH Effect of Dyeing Solutions in Colour Strength

Effect of Electrolyte and Mordant (Inorganic and Organic) on K/S

Colour Coordinates and Colour-Fastness Results

Conclusions

References

36 Erratum to: Review of Wool Recycling and Reuse