Neutrons and synchrotron radiation in engineering materials science 2nd edition by Peter Staron, Andreas Schreyer, Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer ISBN 3527335923 9783527335923

Part I: General

1. Microstructure and Properties of Engineering Materials

• Introduction

• Microstructure

• Microstructure and Properties

• Microstructural Characterization

2. Internal Stresses in Engineering Materials

• Definition

• Origin of Residual Macro- and Microstresses

• Relevance

3. Textures in Engineering Materials

• Introduction

• Measurement of Preferred Orientations

• Presentation of Preferred Orientations

• Interpretation of Textures

• Errors

4. Physical Properties of Photons and Neutrons

• Introduction

• Interaction of X-ray Photons and Neutrons with Individual Atoms

• Scattering of X-ray Photons and Neutrons from Ensembles of Atoms

5. Radiation Sources

• Generation and Properties of Neutrons

• Production and Properties of Synchrotron Radiation

Part II: Methods

6. Stress Analysis by Angle-Dispersive Neutron Diffraction

• Introduction

• Diffractometer for Residual Stress Analysis

• Measurement and Data Analysis

• Examples

• Summary and Outlook

7. Stress Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Neutron Diffraction

• Introduction

• Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction

• TOF Strain Scanners

• A Virtual Laboratory for Strain Scanning

• Type II Stresses: Evolution of Intergranular Stresses

• Type III Stresses: Dislocation Densities

• Strain Imaging by Energy-Dispersive Neutron Transmission

• Conclusions

8. Residual Stress Analysis by Monochromatic High-Energy X-rays

• Basic Setups

• Principle of Slit Imaging and Data Reconstruction

• The Conical Slit

• The Spiral Slit

• Simultaneous Strain Measurements in Individual Bulk Grains

• Coarse Grain Effects

• Analysis of Diffraction Data from Area Detectors

• Matrix for Comparison and Decision Taking Which Technique to Use for a Specific Problem

9. Residual Stress Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction

• Introduction

• Fundamentals of Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction Stress Analysis

• Experimental Setup

• Examples for Energy-Dispersive Stress Analysis

• Final Remarks

10. Texture Analyses by Synchrotron X-rays and Neutrons

• Texture Measurements on Laboratory Scale

• Texture Measurements at Large Scale Facilities

• Conclusion

11. Basics of Small-Angle Scattering Methods

• Introduction

• Common Features of a SAS Instrument

• Contrast

• Scattering Curve

• Power Law/Scattering by Fractal Systems

• Guinier and Porod Approximations

• Macroscopic Differential Scattering Cross-section

• Model Calculation of Size Distributions

• Magnetic Structures

12. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

• Introduction

• Nanocrystalline Magnesium Hydride for the Reversible Storage of Hydrogen

• Precipitates in Steel

• SiO2 Nanoparticles in a Polymer Matrix – An Industrial Application

• Green Surfactants

13. Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

• Introduction

• Theory

• Experiments

• Example: ASAXS on Catalyst Nanoparticles

• Summary and Outlook

14. Imaging

• Radiography

• Tomography

• New Developments in Neutron Tomography

15. Neutron and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Imaging for Applications in Materials Science – From Macro- to Nanotomography

• Introduction

• Parallel-Beam Tomography

• Macrotomography Using Neutrons

• Microtomography Using Synchrotron Radiation

• Summary and Outlook

16. Mu-Tomography of Engineering Materials

• Introduction

• Advantage of Synchrotron Tomography

• Applications and 3D Image Analysis

• Image Artifacts

• Summary

Part III: New and Emerging Methods

17. 3D X-ray Diffraction Microscope

• Basic Setup and Strategy

• Indexing and Characterization of Average Properties of Each Grain

• Mapping of Grains and Orientations

• Combining 3DXRD and Tomography

• Outlook

18. 3D Micron-Resolution Laue Diffraction

• Introduction

• The Need for Polychromatic Microdiffraction

• Theoretical Basis for Advanced Polychromatic Microdiffraction

• Technical Developments for an Automated 3D Probe

• Research Examples

• Future Prospects and Opportunities

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Part IV: Applications

19. The Use of Neutron and Synchrotron Research for Aerospace and Automotive Materials and Components

• Introduction

• Commercial Passenger Aircraft

• The Light-Duty Automotive Vehicle

• Other Transport Systems

20. In situ Experiments with Synchrotron High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons

• Introduction

• In situ Dilatometry

• In situ Study on Single Overload of Fatigue-Cracked Specimens

• In situ Cutting Experiment

• In situ Study of Precipitation Kinetics Using Neutrons

• Conclusions

21. Application of Photons and Neutrons for the Characterization and Development of Advanced Steels

• Introduction

• Characterization Using Synchrotron Radiation

• Characterization Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)

• Conclusions

22. The Contribution of High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons to Characterization and Development of Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides

• Introduction

• High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons

• In situ Investigation of Phase Evolution

• Atomic Order and Disorder in TiAl Alloys

• Recovery and Recrystallization during Deformation of TiAl

• Lattice Parameter and Thermal Expansion

• Conclusions

23. In situ Mu-Laue: Instrumental Setup for the Deformation of Micron-Sized Samples

• Introduction

• Experimental Instrumentation

• Discussion

• Conclusion

24. Residual Stresses in Thin Films and Coated Tools: Challenges and Strategies for Their Nondestructive Analysis by X-ray Diffraction Methods

• Introduction

• Compilation of Approaches to Meet the Challenges in Thin Film X-ray Stress Analysis (XSA)

• Final Remarks and Recommendations