Nutraceuticals in Brain Health and Beyond 1st edition by Dilip Ghosh 9780128206102 0128206101

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. Role of food or food component in brain health

Introduction

Energy status and brain health

Neuroactive in foods

Omega-3 and phytochemicals: potential future therapeutic candidates

Cognition beyond foods: just diet or lifestyle pattern?

Food “liking” versus food “wanting”

Diet, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases

Diet, cognition, and epigenetics

Microbiota-targeted functional foods for brain health

Thinking outside the brain

Conclusion

Chapter 3. Bacopa monnieri for cognitive health—a review of molecular mechanisms of action

Cognition

Approved drugs as cognition enhancers

Nutraceuticals for cognitive performance

Bacopa monnieri for cognitive performance

Neuronal molecular mechanisms of cognitive benefits of BM in relation to signal transduction

Summary

Chapter 4. Indian medicinal plants as drug leads in neurodegenerative disorders

Abbreviations

Introduction

Methodology

Etiopathology of neurodegenerative disorders

Ayurvedic herbs: traditional usages in brain disorders

Role of Indian ayurvedic herbs in neurodegenerative brain disorders

Conclusion

Chapter 5. Role of nutraceuticals in the management of severe traumatic brain injury

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury

Nutritional management in TBI

Herbs and traditional medicines

Conclusions

Chapter 6. Understanding the relationship between oxidative stress and cognition in the elderly: targets for nutraceutical interventions

The aging population

What is cognitive aging?

What are the biological factors influencing cognitive aging?

Oxidative stress

Oxidative stress and cognition

Potential nutraceutical targets for improving cognition via reducing oxidative stress

Coenzyme Q10

Pycnogenol

Vitamins E and C

Carotenoids

Polyphenols

Conclusions

Chapter 7. Brain and mental health in Ayurveda

Ayurvedic principles of brain health

Brain diseases in Ayurveda – Manas roga

Ayurvedic drugs used in management of brain disorders

Ayurvedic herbs in brain health- medhya rasayan herbs

Chapter 8. 10 Persian herbal medicines used for brain health

Introduction

Herbal medicines for brain health

Polyherbal formulations and synergistic effects

Conclusion

Chapter 9. Beneficial effects of nutraceuticals in healthy brain aging

Introduction

Brain aging and associated neurodegenerative diseases

Conclusion

Chapter 10. Investigating the acute effect of pomegranate extract on indicators of cognitive function in human volunteers: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial

Introduction

Potential mechanisms

Conclusions

Chapter 11. Glucosinolates: paradoxically beneficial in fighting both brain cell death and cancer

Introduction

Background and significance

Signaling apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway

Redox signaling

Effect on HDAC enzymes

ERK pathway

Activation of tumor suppressor genes: p53, p21, p27, and p73

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress

The effect on cancer stem cells

The effect on SMYD3 genes

NrF2-ARE signaling pathway

AMPK and SFA toxicity and protection

Conclusion

Chapter 12. Efficacy of dietary polyphenols for neuroprotective effects and cognitive improvements

Introduction

Neuroprotective effects of curcumin

Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol

Neuroprotective effects of EGCG isolated from green tea

Application of other polyphenolic compounds in human central nervous system functions

Conclusion

Chapter 13. The gut microbiota–brain axis and role of probiotics

Introduction

Gut microbiota

Gut microbiome and the gut-brain axis

Impact of gut microbiota on CNS

Gut microbiota–brain communication

How does gut microbiota affect the brain?

Microbiota-gut-brain axis and depression

Microbiota-gut-brain axis and autism

Prebiotics and probiotics

Conclusion

Chapter 14. The gut microbiome: its role in brain health

Introduction

The human gut microbiome—a new frontier in medicine

The GI tract and its microbiome as an ecosystem

Shifting the therapeutic emphasis from the probiotic toward the host

How intestinal microbes communicate with the host

Other biochemical influences on neural function in the gut-brain axis

Nutrition-specific requirements of the host and its microbiota

How does nature maintain the gut-microbiome-brain axis?

Therapeutic interventions

Conclusion

Chapter 15. The psychopharmacology of saffron, a plant with putative antidepressant and neuroprotective properties

Introduction

Traditional and ethnomedicinal uses

Chemical constituents

Stigma

Flowers except stigma

Tepal

Stamen

Mode of action

Clinical applications

Conclusions

Chapter 16. Comprehensive review of Alzheimer’s disease drugs (conventional, newer, and plant-derived) with focus on Bacopa monnieri

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease

Nutraceuticals in AD

Bacopa monnieri

Fundamental and clinical research in B. Monnieri in AD

Bacopa monnieri clinical practice

Conclusions

Chapter 17. Nutraceuticals in neurodegenerative diseases

Introduction

Alzheimer disease

Huntington disease

Parkinson disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Conclusion

Chapter 18. Transforming curry extract-spice to liposome-based curcumin: lipocurc to restore and boost brain health in COVID-19 syndrome

COVID-19 pandemic

Curcumin pharmacology and COVID-19

Nanotechnology, epigenetics, and PK studies of liposome-curcumin

COVID-19 brain rehabilitation: role of epigenetics diet and exercise

Summary

Chapter 19. Cognitive health and nutrition: a millennial correlation

Molecular signaling of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity

Oxidative damage and cognition

Nutrition and neurotransmitters

Nutrition and brain well-being

Correlation between metabolic diseases and psychiatric conditions

Diet and cognitive health

Cognitive enhancers

Active sports and cognitive performance: role of nutritional supplements

Diet and epigenetics

Nutraceuticals as key drivers for brain health

Future recommendations

Chapter 20. Mediterranean diet and its components: potential to optimize cognition across the lifespan

Diet, cognition, and dementia

Assessment of Mediterranean diet

Mediterranean diet and cognition across the lifespan

Mechanisms and food components

Olive oil

Fish

Nuts

Fruits and vegetables

Practical translation into Western countries

Chapter 21. Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) leaves: potential in neuropsychiatric conditions

Introduction

Psychological disorders

Cognitive disorders

Neurological disorders

Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders

Recent advance: nasal delivery of CA extract

Chapter 22. Big data for clinical trials

Introduction

Role of big data in research

Technology of big data

Life cycle and management of data using technologies

Approach of regulatory agencies

Big healthcare data: security and privacy

Big data=big prospects

Chapter 23. The multifactorial contributions of Pycnogenol® for cognitive function improvement

Introduction

Pycnogenol® as a herbal medication

Deteriorating cognitive function in the aging brain

Mechanism of action of Pycnogenol®

Pycnogenol® as a cognitive enhancer

Chapter 24. Advancements in delivery of herbal drugs for cognitive disorders

Introduction

Herbal drugs in neurological health

Factors limiting brain delivery of herbal products

Advancements in the brain delivery technologies

Industrial applicability of these novel technologies and commercial viability

Regulatory challenges

Conclusion

Chapter 25. Impact of cardiometabolic disease on cognitive function

Introduction

Cardiometabolic disease

The impact of cardiometabolic disease on brain and cognitive health

The effect of nutritional medicine on cardiometabolic disease and cognitive function

Conclusion

Chapter 26. Vitamin B6, B9, and B-12: can these vitamins improve memory in Alzheimer’s disease?

Vitamin B6, B12, and folate

Cognitive decline, dementia, and the homocysteine hypothesis—what is the evidence showing?

Alzheimer’s disease and the effect of vitamin B6, folate, and B12

Clinical recommendations and application

Conclusions

Chapter 27. Sri Lankan medicinal herbs used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain

Introduction

Neurodegenerative diseases of the brain

Herbal medicines that could be recommended for the Neurodegenerative diseases of the brain

Review on medicinal herbs used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain

Chapter 28. Management of Alzheimer’s Disease with nutraceuticals

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease: the leading cause of dementia

Understanding the origin of AD

Social and economic impact

Management and care of patients suffering with AD

Treatment and care

Nutraceuticals: an emerging trend in disease management

Dietary components of nutraceuticals

Conclusions

Chapter 29. Nutraceuticals in brain health

Introduction to nutraceuticals

Nutraceutical and overall brain health: Traditional versus modern outlook

Mechanistic insights into nutraceuticals functioning as protectors of brain health

Nutraceuticals from an evolutionary perspective

Conclusion

Chapter 30. Ayurveda and Brain health

Introduction – The brain and the nervous system

Ayurvedic perspective of the nervous system—Majja dhatu and Majjavaha srotas

Brain patterns and Dosha type

Brain aging—Modern and Ayurvedic perspective

Discussion and way forward