Penetrating Trauma A Practical Guide on Operative Technique and Peri Operative Management 2nd Edition by George Velmahos, Elias Degiannis, Dietrich Doll ISBN 3662498596 9783662498590

Penetrating Trauma A Practical Guide on Operative Technique and Peri Operative Management 2nd Edition by George C. Velmahos, Elias Degiannis, Dietrich Doll  – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 3662498596, 9783662498590
Full download Penetrating Trauma A Practical Guide on Operative Technique and Peri Operative Management 2nd Edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10: 3662498596 
ISBN 13: 9783662498590
Author: George C. Velmahos, Elias Degiannis, Dietrich Doll 

This book provides clear practical guidance on all aspects of the surgical treatment of penetrating trauma and aims to foster the type of strategic thinking that can save patients’ lives. The coverage encompasses prehospital care, penetrating injuries to various body regions and specific organs, orthopedic injuries, peripheral arterial injuries, injuries to special groups of patients, including children and the elderly, military injuries, and a range of other topics. Based on their extensive personal experience, expert authors provide step-by-step instructions on evaluation, surgical techniques, and management of perioperative problems. Tips and tricks and technical pearls are highlighted and each chapter includes a list of the most important points to observe. This second edition of Penetrating Trauma has been extensively revised and updated – with inclusion of some entirely new chapters – to take into account the most recent trends in resuscitation, diagnostics, and treatment. It will be an ideal resource for those looking for practical solutions on how to treat injuries surgically.

Penetrating Trauma A Practical Guide on Operative Technique and Peri Operative Management 2nd Table of contents:

Part I: Prehospital Care, Diagnostic Tools and Resuscitation Strategies
1: Prehospital Care of Penetrating Trauma
1.1 Planning a Systematic Approach
1.1.1 Scene Safety & Adequate Resources
1.1.2 Dispatching Appropriate Resources
1.1.3 ALS Versus BLS Care
1.1.4 Selecting the Appropriate Transport Destination
1.2 Treatment: Airway
1.2.1 Endotracheal Intubation
1.3 Treatment: Breathing
1.3.1 Oxygenation
1.3.2 Ventilation
1.3.3 Pneumothorax Management
1.4 Treatment: Circulation
1.4.1 IV Volume Resuscitation
1.4.2 Hypotensive Resuscitation
1.4.3 IV Access Options
1.4.4 Alternative IV Solutions
1.5 Treatment: Hemorrhage Control
1.5.1 Hemostatic Agents
1.5.2 Tourniquets
1.6 Summary
Recommended Reading
2: Airway Management in Penetrating Trauma
2.1 Airway Assessment
2.2 Deciding Who Needs a Definitive Airway
2.3 Approaches to Establishing a Definitive Airway
2.4 Rapid Sequence Intubation
2.4.1 Preparing for Intubation
2.5 Orotracheal Intubation Technique
2.5.1 Intubation Technique
2.6 Surgical Airways
Recommended Reading
3: Damage Control Resuscitation in Penetrating Trauma: Rules of the Game
3.1 Crystalloids and the Lethal Triad
3.2 Hypotensive Resuscitation
3.3 Blood Product Transfusion
3.4 Medication Adjuncts
3.5 Operative Control of Bleeding Has Been Established, Now What?
3.6 Areas of Ongoing Investigation
3.7 Summary
Recommended Reading
4: BLS Versus ALS
4.1 BLS Versus ALS
4.2 The “EMS Paradox”
4.3 Triage
4.4 The Process of Ambulance Response
4.5 Three Options
4.6 Discussion of the Data
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
5: Prehospital Care and Transport
Recommended Reading
6: Prehospital Monitoring During Transport
6.1 Urban Environment
6.1.1 Goal of EMS Participation
6.1.2 Mode of Transportation
6.1.3 Initial Assessment of the Patient by EMS
6.1.4 Wound Assessment
6.1.5 Hemodynamic Assessment
6.1.6 Monitoring and Resuscitation En Route
6.1.7 Where to Transport Patients
6.2 Rural Environment
6.2.1 How and Where to Transport
6.2.2 Additional Resuscitative Measures to Consider
Recommended Reading
7: Trauma Resuscitation
7.1 Fluid Type
7.2 Determining Need for Massive Transfusion
7.3 Adjuncts to Massive Transfusion
7.4 Permissive Hypotension
Recommended Reading
8: ABC Heuristics
8.1 Airway
8.1.1 Evaluation
8.1.2 Treatment
8.2 Breathing
8.2.1 Evaluation
8.2.2 Treatment
8.3 Circulation
8.3.1 Evaluation
8.4 Cell Whisper
Recommended Reading
9: Pediatric Trauma Resuscitation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Epidemiology
9.3 History
9.4 Initial Assessment, Resuscitation, and Stabilization
9.4.1 Primary Survey (A, B, and C)
9.4.2 Normal Pediatric Vital Signs
9.4.3 A = Airway (C-Spine Immobilization)
9.4.4 B = Breathing
9.4.5 C = Circulation (Hemorrhage Control)
9.4.6 D = Disability (Neurologic Assessment)
9.4.7 E = Exposure for Secondary Survey
9.5 Secondary Survey
9.6 Diagnostic Modalities
9.7 Child Abuse (Non-accidental Trauma)
Recommended Reading
10: Fluids, Blood Substitutes, and New Tools
10.1 Physiology
10.1.1 Fluid Compartments
10.1.2 Response to Acute Hemorrhage
10.2 Hemorrhagic Shock
10.3 Fluids
10.3.1 Crystalloids
10.3.2 Colloids
10.3.3 Blood
10.3.4 Massive Transfusion
10.3.5 Iraq and Afghanistan Experience
10.3.6 Autotransfusion
10.3.7 Effects on Coagulation
10.4 Blood Substitutes
10.5 Current ATLS Guidelines
10.5.1 Prehospital
10.5.2 Trauma Bay
10.6 Permissive Hypotension
10.6.1 Elderly Population
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
11: Emergency Department Thoracotomy
11.1 Indications
11.2 Preparation
11.3 Technique
Recommended Reading
12: Intensive Care: Principles and Therapy
12.1 Metabolic Response to Trauma
12.2 ICU Monitoring
12.3 Neurological System, Pain Control, and Traumatic Brain Injury
12.4 Respiratory Failure, Acute Lung Injury, and ARDS
12.5 Cardiac Failure
12.6 Surgical Nutrition
12.7 Fluid, Electrolytes, and Renal Failure
12.8 Endocrine: Glucose Control and Steroids
12.9 Transfusions and Blood Products
12.10 Infectious Disease and Nosocomial Infections
12.11 Prophylaxis in the ICU: DVT and Ulcer Prophylaxis
12.12 Multiple Organ Failure
12.13 Complications of ICU Care
12.14 Ethical and Family Issues
Conclusions
Recommended Reading
13: Ventilation in the Trauma Patient: A Practical Approach
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Background Physiology and Theory
13.2.1 Whom to Ventilate
13.2.1.1 Hypoxia
13.2.1.2 Measures of Adequacy of Oxygenation
13.2.1.3 The Causes of Hypoxic Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) Are as Follows
13.2.2 PaCO2
13.2.2.1 Production: VCO2
13.2.2.2 Alveolar Ventilation
13.2.3 Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
13.2.4 Recruitment and Recruitment Maneuvers
13.2.5 Fluid Overload and Atelectasis
13.3 Practical Application of Ventilation Strategies
13.3.1 Specific Indications for Ventilation
13.3.2 Initiation of Ventilation
13.3.2.1 Airway Management
13.3.3 The Initial Ventilator Settings
13.3.3.1 Basic Ventilator Settings in the ED
13.3.3.2 Sedation and Analgesia
13.4 Ventilation in the ICU Phase
13.4.1 Positioning
13.4.2 Ventilator Settings
13.4.3 Paralysis
13.4.4 Sedation and Analgesia
13.5 Rescue Therapies for Persistent Hypoxemia
13.5.1 Ongoing Ventilation
13.6 The Head-Injured Patient
13.7 Monitoring the Ventilated Patient
13.8 Longer-Term ICU Airway Management
13.8.1 Tracheostomy
13.8.2 Weaning
Recommended Reading
14: Endpoints of Resuscitation
14.1 Haemodynamic Monitoring
14.1.1 Pulse Rate
14.1.2 Arterial Saturation (SaO2)
14.2 Mixed and Central Venous Oxygen Saturation
14.3 Pressure and Flow
14.4 Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
14.5 Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
14.6 Peripheral Arterial Pressure
14.7 Cardiac Output Monitoring
14.8 Haemoglobin and Coagulation
14.9 Reversal of Anaerobic Metabolism
14.9.1 Lactate
14.9.2 Base Deficit
14.10 Supranormal Resuscitation and Permissive Hypotension
14.10.1 Supranormal Resuscitation
14.10.2 Permissive Hypotension
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
15: Plain X-Rays for Penetrating Trauma
15.1 Plain X-Rays for Penetrating Trauma
15.2 Rationale for the “Plain Film”
15.3 Limitations of “Plain Film” Imaging
15.4 Chest Radiography
15.4.1 Soft Tissues and Bony Thorax
15.4.2 Pleura and Lung Parenchyma
15.4.3 Mediastinum
15.4.4 The Asymptomatic Patient
15.4.5 Iatrogenesis Imperfecta
15.5 Abdominal Radiography
15.5.1 Determination of Trajectory
15.5.2 Diaphragmatic Injury
15.6 Missile Embolism
Conclusions
Recommended Reading
16: Computed Tomography in the Workup of Patients with Penetrating Trauma
16.1 Abdomen
16.2 Back and Flank
16.3 Thorax
16.4 Head and Neck
16.5 Extremities
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
17: Portable Ultrasound as an Adjunct in Penetrating Trauma
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 How Should You Use Point-of-Care Ultrasound?
17.1.2 Defining the Injury
17.1.3 Detecting Abdominal Blood (FAST Scan)
17.1.4 Pearls
17.2 Pneumothorax
17.2.1 Pitfalls
17.3 Haemothorax
17.4 Pericardial Tamponade
17.4.1 Pitfalls
17.5 Assessment of Volumetric Status
17.6 Using Ultrasound to Manage Penetrating Trauma
17.6.1 Vascular Access
17.6.2 Pericardial and Pleural Drainage
17.6.3 Airway Management
17.6.4 Depth of Tract/Foreign-Body Localisation
17.7 Postoperative Management
17.8 Summary of Important Pitfalls
17.8.1 FAST Scanning
17.8.2 Pneumothorax
17.8.3 IVC Scanning
Recommended Reading
18: Laparoscopy and Penetrating Trauma
18.1 General Techniques of Laparoscopy
18.2 Technical Considerations
18.3 Laparoscopy and Anterior Abdominal Wall Stab Wounds
18.4 Laparoscopy and Gunshot Wounds
18.5 Laparoscopy and Thoracoabdominal Trauma
18.6 Laparoscopy and Extraperitoneal Rectal Injury
18.7 Laparoscopy and Definitive Repair of Injuries Secondary to Penetrating Trauma
Recommended Reading
19: Angiography and Interventional Radiology
19.1 General Comments
19.2 Technical Considerations
19.3 Basic Imaging Aspects
19.4 Head and Neck Injuries
19.5 Key Points
19.6 Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Injuries
19.7 Key Points
19.8 Extremities and Pelvic Injuries
Recommended Reading
20: Imaging of Penetrating Urologic Trauma
20.1 Imaging of Penetrating Urologic Trauma
20.2 Computerized Tomography
20.3 Pyelography
20.4 Cystography
20.5 Retrograde Urethrogram
Recommended Reading
21: Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in Penetrating Chest Trauma
21.1 Indications
21.2 Technique of Immediate VATS for Penetrating Trauma
21.2.1 Anesthesia
21.3 Positioning of Patient
21.4 Setup and Equipment
21.5 Operative Technique
21.6 Port Sites
21.7 Exploration
21.8 Parietal Lesion Hemostasis
21.9 Treatment of Pulmonary Injuries
21.10 Diaphragmatic Injury (DI)
21.11 Pericardial Effusion
21.12 End of Procedure
21.13 Technique of Delayed VATS for Penetrating Trauma
Recommended Reading
22: Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage (DPL) Unplugged
22.1 Open or Closed?
22.1.1 Percutaneous Technique
22.1.2 Open Technique
22.2 Interpretation
22.3 Current Status of DPL
Recommended Reading
23: Mass Casualties and Triage in Military and Civilian Environment
23.1 Multiple Casualties and Mass Casualties
23.2 Triage
23.3 Triage Systems
23.4 Methodology
23.5 The Sieve-Sort Approach to Mass Casualties
23.6 Effect-Related Triage
23.7 Triage in Austerity
23.8 Training
23.9 Mass Casualty Triage in a Humanitarian Context
23.9.1 The Logic of Mass Casualty Triage
23.9.2 Triage System in a Humanitarian Context
23.9.3 Prehospital Triage
23.9.4 Hospital Reorganisation and Planning
23.9.5 Triage Teams
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
24: Ballistics in Trauma
24.1 ‘A Primer of Ballistics’
24.1.1 Internal Ballistics
24.1.2 External Ballistics
24.1.3 Terminal Ballistics
24.1.4 Wound Ballistics
24.1.5 Cavitation
24.2 Initial Management of Gunshot Wounds
24.2.1 Thought Processes
24.2.2 Shotgun Injury
24.3 Definitive Care
24.3.1 Removal of Bullets
24.4 Forensic Considerations
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
Part II: Surgical Strategies in Penetrating Trauma to Head, Face, and Neck
25: Surgical Strategies in Trauma
25.1 Damage Control Operations
25.2 Damage Control Resuscitation
25.3 Appropriate Utilization of Adjunctive Hemorrhage Control Strategies
Recommended Reading
26: Surgical Strategies in Trauma to the Head, Face, and Neck
26.1 Initial Evaluation
26.1.1 Airway and Breathing
26.1.2 Hemorrhage Identification and Temporary Control
26.2 Identification of Injury and Prioritization of Treatment
26.2.1 Penetrating Brain Trauma
26.2.2 Penetrating Facial Trauma
26.2.3 Penetrating Neck Trauma
Recommended Reading
27: Gunshot Injuries to the Head
27.1 Some Rules for Workup Leading to Operative Management
27.2 Preoperative and Intraoperative Management
27.3 Operative Management
27.4 Perioperative Management
27.4.1 Cerebral Perfusion Threshold
27.5 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
27.6 Hyperosmolar Therapy and Barbiturates
27.7 Hyperventilation and Steroids
27.8 Infection Prophylaxis
27.9 Prophylactic Hypothermia
27.10 Antiseizure Prophylaxis
27.11 Postoperative Consideration
27.12 Special Circumstances
27.13 Clinical Vignette
Recommended Reading
28: Penetrating Injuries of the Face
28.1 Types and Characteristics of Injuries
28.2 Structures at Risk for Injury
28.3 Goals of Management
28.4 Acute Management
28.4.1 Patient Evaluation
28.5 Airway Management
28.6 Evaluation and Management of Maxillofacial Bleeding
28.7 History and Physical Examination of Maxillofacial Injuries
28.8 External Examination
28.9 Intraoral Examination
28.10 Imaging
28.11 Initial Treatment
28.11.1 Indications for Immediate Treatment in the ED
28.12 Definitive Treatment
28.12.1 Early Versus Late Management
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
29: Operative Strategies in Penetrating Trauma to the Neck
29.1 Positioning
29.2 Incision/Approach
29.3 Vascular Repair
29.3.1 Damage Control
29.4 Tracheal Injuries
29.4.1 Damage Control
29.5 Esophageal Injuries
29.5.1 Damage Control
29.6 Bone Bleeding
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
30: Access to the Neck in Penetrating Trauma
31: Penetrating Trauma to the Larynx and the Cervical Trachea
31.1 Airway Management
31.2 Injury Classification
31.3 Injury Evaluation and Management
31.4 Operative Approach
31.5 Laryngeal Repair
31.6 Tracheal Repair
31.7 Associated Injuries
31.8 Postoperative Airway Management
31.9 Complications
Recommended Reading
32: Penetrating Injury to the Pharynx and Cervical Esophagus
32.1 Anatomic Basics
32.2 Know When to Go In
32.3 How to Do the Repair
32.4 Postoperative Care and What to Do if the Repair Falls Apart
32.5 At the End of the Day
Recommended Reading
33: Carotid, Jugular and Vertebral Blood Vessel Injuries
33.1 Pathophysiology
33.2 Clinical Signs
33.3 Management
33.3.1 The Stable Patient: Diagnostics – CT Scan or Equivalent
33.3.2 The Unstable patient: Operative Approach
33.3.2.1 Management in the Emergency Department
33.3.2.2 After Initial Resuscitation: What Now?
33.4 Operative Technique
33.5 Technical Tips
33.5.1 Surgical Exposure of the Carotid Arteries
33.5.2 Vertebral Artery Injuries
33.5.3 Postoperative Procedure
Recommended Reading
Part III: Surgical Strategies in Penetrating Trauma to the Chest
34: Penetrating Trauma to the Subclavian Vessels
34.1 Applied Surgical Anatomy (Fig. 34.1)
34.1.1 Branches of the Subclavian Artery
34.1.2 Anatomical Anomalies:
34.1.3 The Subclavian Vein
34.2 Clinical Presentation, Preoperative Care, Diagnosis, and Management Principles (Fig. 34.2)
34.3 Surgical Exposures
34.3.1 Midline Sternotomy in the Unstable Patient with No Diagnostic Imaging (Fig. 34.4)
34.3.2 The Midline Sternotomy in the Stable Patient with Imaging
34.3.2.1 The Limited Upper or Partial Sternotomy (Fig. 34.4)
34.3.2.2 The Supraclavicular Exposure of the Subclavian Artery (Figs. 34.7 and 34.8)
34.3.2.3 The Left Third-Interspace Anterolateral Thoracotomy (Fig. 34.9)
34.3.2.4 The Left Fifth-Interspace Posterolateral Thoracotomy
34.3.2.5 The Infraclavicular Exposure of the Distal Subclavian and Proximal Axillary Artery (Fig
34.3.2.6 The Trapdoor Thoracotomy and Partial Resection of the Clavicle (Figs. 34.6 and 34.11)
34.3.2.7 The Surgical Repair of the Subclavian Vessels
34.3.2.8 Endovascular Management (Fig. 34.12)
34.4 Venous Injuries
Recommended Reading
35: Penetrating Trauma to the Thoracic Oesophagus
Recommended Reading
36: Pulmonary and Tracheobronchial Trauma
36.1 Thoracotomy
36.2 Access to the Thoracic Cavity
36.2.1 Choice of Incision
36.3 Posterolateral Thoracotomy
36.4 Anterolateral Thoracotomy
36.5 Injuries to the Lung Parenchyma
36.6 Tractotomy
36.7 Gunshot Injuries
36.8 Pulmonary Resections
36.9 Lobectomy
36.10 Pneumonectomy
36.11 Control of Hilum of the Lung
36.12 Tips
36.13 Tracheobronchial Injuries
36.14 Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction
Recommended Reading
37: Penetrating Injuries to the Mediastinal Vessels
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Management Strategy
37.3 Incisions and Exposure
37.4 Management of Specific Injuries
37.4.1 Injuries to the Ascending Aorta
37.4.2 Injuries to the Aortic Arch
37.4.3 Injuries to the Branches of the Aortic Arch
37.4.4 Injuries to the Descending Aorta
37.4.5 Injuries to Pulmonary Arteries
37.4.6 Injuries to Venous Structures
37.4.6.1 Innominate Vein
37.4.6.2 Subclavian Veins
37.4.6.3 Major Pulmonary Vein
37.4.6.4 Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
37.4.6.5 Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
37.4.6.6 Azygos Vein
Conclusion
Recommended Readings
38: Penetrating Cardiac Trauma
38.1 Category 1: Lifeless
38.2 Category 2: Critically Unstable
38.3 Category 3: Cardiac Tamponade
38.4 Category 4: Thoracoabdominal Injury
38.5 Category 5: Benign Presentation
38.6 Management
38.6.1 The Lifeless Patient
38.6.2 The Critically Unstable Patient
38.6.3 The Patient with Cardiac Tamponade
38.6.4 The Patient with Thoracoabdominal Injury
38.6.5 The Patient with the Benign Presentation
38.7 Operative Management
Recommended Reading
39: Penetrating Injuries to the Diaphragm
39.1 Pathophysiology
39.2 Clinical Assessment
39.3 Radiological Assessment
39.4 Contrast Studies
39.5 Ultrasound
39.6 Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage (DPL)
39.7 Computed Tomography (CT)
39.8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
39.9 Laparoscopy
39.10 Thoracoscopy and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)
39.11 Treatment
39.11.1 Surgery
Recommended Reading
40: Thoracoabdominal Injury
41: Loss of the Chest Wall
41.1 Field Management of Chest Wall Loss and Open Pneumothorax
41.2 Emergency Department Management
41.3 Operative Management
41.4 Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recommended Reading
Part IV: Surgical Strategies in Penetrating Trauma to the Abdomen and Pelvis
42: Access to the Abdomen: Emergency Laparotomy
42.1 Position and Preparation
42.2 Incision
42.3 Bleeding and Contamination Control
42.4 Systematic Exploration
42.5 Closure
43: Damage Control Surgery
43.1 Hypothermia
43.2 Acidosis
43.3 Coagulopathy
43.4 Damage Control Resuscitation
43.4.1 Hypotensive Resuscitation
43.4.2 Haemostatic Resuscitation (Fig. 43.1)
43.5 Stages of Damage Control
43.5.1 Stage 1: Indications for Damage Control (Patient Selection)
43.5.2 Stage 2: Operative Control of Haemorrhage and Contamination
43.5.2.1 General Principles
43.5.3 Chest
43.6 Lung Injuries
43.7 Cardiac Injuries
43.8 Tracheobronchial Injuries
43.9 Oesophageal Injuries
43.9.1 Abdomen
43.9.1.1 Solid Organs
43.9.1.2 Liver
43.9.1.3 Spleen
43.9.1.4 Kidneys
43.9.1.5 Pancreas
43.9.2 Hollow Viscus Injuries
43.9.2.1 Stomach and Duodenum
43.9.2.2 Small Bowel and Colon
43.9.2.3 Rectal Injuries
43.9.2.4 Biliary Tract Injuries
43.9.2.5 Ureter and Bladder Injuries
43.9.3 Pelvis
43.9.4 Extremities
43.9.5 Spine
43.9.6 Stage 3: Resuscitation in ICU
43.9.6.1 Correction of Hypothermia
43.9.6.2 Correction of Acidosis
43.9.6.3 Coagulopathy
43.9.7 Stage 4: Definitive Surgery
43.9.8 Stage 5: Definitive Closure of the Abdomen
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
44: Beyond Damage Control Surgery: Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Complex Hernia Repair
44.1 Temporary Closure Techniques
44.2 General Principles of Management of Post-DCS Consequences
44.3 Redefining the Anatomy and New Physiology
44.4 Timing to Definitive Repair
44.5 Operative Approach
44.6 Definitive Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
44.6.1 Use of Native Tissue
44.6.2 Other Adjunct Procedures
44.6.3 The Component Separation Technique
44.7 Posterior Component Separation with Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR)
44.7.1 Mesh Placement
44.7.1.1 Onlay Mesh Placement
44.7.1.2 Underlay Placement
44.7.1.3 Bridge Mesh Placement
44.7.2 Postoperative Complications
Recommended Reading
45: Abdominal Esophagus and Stomach
45.1 Initial Evaluation in the Trauma Bay
45.2 Abdominal Exploration and Identification of Injuries
45.3 Treatment of Specific Injuries
45.3.1 Damage Control Surgery Techniques
45.4 Postoperative Care
Recommended Reading
46: Duodenum
46.1 General Rules of Operative Strategy
46.2 Grade-Specific Operative Management
46.2.1 Grade I
46.2.2 Grade II
46.2.3 Grades III and IV
46.2.4 Grade V
Conclusions
Recommended Reading
47: Penetrating Trauma to the Pancreas
Recommended Reading
48: Liver and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
48.1 Immediate Considerations
48.2 Nonoperative Management
48.3 Operative Management
48.4 Extrahepatic Biliary Injury
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
49: Large and Small Bowel
49.1 The First Pass-Through the Abdomen
49.2 The Second Pass-Through the Abdomen: The Stable Patient
49.3 The Second Pass-Through the Abdomen: Damage Control
49.4 The Planned Reoperation After Successful Resuscitation
49.5 Laparoscopic Management of Small and Large Bowel Injuries
Recommended Reading
50: Injury of the Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder
50.1 Indications for Operative Management
50.2 Operative Technique
50.3 Vascular Control
50.4 Vascular Repair
50.5 Renal Exposure
50.6 Partial Nephrectomy
50.7 Renorrhaphy
50.8 Nephrectomy
50.9 Ureteral Repair
50.10 Ureteroureterostomy
50.11 Ureteroneocystostomy
50.12 Autotransplantation
50.13 Bladder Repair
50.14 Bladder Neck Repair
50.14.1 Postoperative Management
Recommended Reading
51: Lower Genitourinary Injuries
51.1 Acute Scrotal and Testis Injuries
51.2 Penile Injury
51.3 Urethral Injury
Recommended Reading
52: Major Abdominal Veins
52.1 IVC Injury
52.1.1 Exposure
52.1.2 Repair
52.1.3 Complications
52.2 Portal Vein Injuries
52.2.1 Exposure
52.2.2 Repair Versus Ligation
52.2.3 Complications
52.3 SMV Injuries
52.3.1 Exposure
52.3.2 Repair Versus Ligation
52.3.3 Complications
52.4 Renovascular Injuries
52.4.1 Exposure
52.4.2 Repair Versus Ligation
52.4.3 Complications
52.5 Iliac Vein Injuries
52.5.1 Exposure
52.5.2 Repair Versus Ligation
52.5.3 Complications
Recommended Reading
53: Major Abdominal Arteries
53.1 Stay Calm
53.2 Get Temporary Control
53.3 Retroperitoneal Hematomas: Plan of Action
53.3.1 Zone I
53.3.1.1 Aorta
53.3.1.2 Celiac Axis
53.3.1.3 Superior Mesenteric Artery
53.3.2 Zone II
53.3.3 Zone III
53.4 Afterthoughts
Recommended Reading
54: Spleen
54.1 Exposure
54.2 Mobilization
54.3 Vascular Control
54.4 Specimen Removal and Final Inspection
Recommended Reading
55: Penetrating Rectal Injuries
55.1 Historical Perspective
55.2 Surgical Anatomy
55.3 Incidence
55.4 Special Investigations
55.5 Surgical Strategies
55.5.1 Patient Position
55.5.2 Laparotomy
55.5.3 Laparoscopy and a Trephine Loop Colostomy
55.5.4 Distal Rectal Washout
55.5.5 Presacral Drainage
55.5.6 Antibiotic Treatment
Recommended Reading
56: Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
56.1 Definitions
56.2 When to Expect ACS in Penetrating Trauma?
56.3 Diagnosis
56.4 Treatment
56.5 Open Abdomen
Recommended Reading
57: SNOM: Conservative Management of Solid Viscera
57.1 SNOM: Liver
57.1.1 The Patient
57.1.2 Clinical Findings
57.1.3 Plain Chest Radiograph
57.1.4 Special Investigation
57.1.5 Management
57.1.6 Complications
57.2 Thoracobiliary Fistulae
57.3 The Evidence
57.4 SNOM: Kidney
57.4.1 The Patient
57.4.2 Clinical Findings
57.4.3 Special Investigation
57.4.4 Management
57.4.5 Complications
57.4.6 The Evidence
57.5 SNOM: Spleen
Recommended Reading
58: Bleeding in the Pelvis
58.1 Summary (For Springer eBook Publication)
Recommended Reading
Part V: Surgical Strategies in Penetrating Trauma and Orthopedic Injuries
59: Introduction to Orthopedic Injuries
59.1 Diagnostics
59.2 Combination of Vascular and Bony Injuries
59.3 Compartment Syndrome
59.4 Spinal Injury
59.5 Endovascular Care
Conclusion
Recommended Reading
60: Extremity Fractures
60.1 Priorities
60.2 The Decision to Operate
60.3 Preparation for Operation
60.4 Operative Strategies
61: Compartment Syndrome of the Extremities
61.1 Pathophysiology
61.2 Diagnosis
61.3 Treatment
61.4 Lower Leg Compartment Syndrome and Fasciotomy
61.4.1 The Lateral Incision of the Lower Leg
61.4.2 The Medial Incision of the Lower Leg
61.4.3 Pitfalls Associated with Fasciotomy of the Lower Leg
61.5 Compartment Syndrome of the Foot
61.6 Compartment Syndrome of the Thigh
61.7 Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm and Hand
61.8 Aftercare and Complications
Recommended Reading
62: Anterior Exposure of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
62.1 General Principles
62.2 Anterior Exposure of T10–L2
62.3 Anterior Exposure of L3–L5
62.4 Anterior Exposure of the Thoracic Spine Proximal to T10
62.5 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) at the L4/L5 and L5/S1 Levels
References
63: Penetrating Trauma: Amputations
63.1 Principles of Amputation
63.1.1 Initial Wound Evaluation
63.1.2 Deciding Primary Amputation Versus Limb Salvage
63.1.3 Level of Amputation
63.1.4 Skin and Muscle Flaps
63.1.5 Hemostasis
63.1.6 Nerves
63.1.7 Bones
63.1.8 Open Amputations and Wound Closure
63.2 Upper Extremity Amputations
63.2.1 Wrist Amputations
63.2.2 Transradial and Transhumeral Amputations [13]63.3 Lower Extremity Amputations
63.3.1 Transtibial (Below-Knee) Amputations
63.3.1.1 Transtibial Amputation (Extended Posterior Flap, Fig. 63.3) [15, 16]63.3.2 Disarticulation of the Knee
63.3.3 Transfemoral (Above-Knee) Amputations (Fig. 63.4)
Conclusion
References
Part VI: Peripheral Arterial Injuries
64: Peripheral Arterial Injuries from Penetrating Trauma
65: Axillary and Brachial Vessels
65.1 Making the Diagnosis
65.2 Anatomic Considerations
65.3 Exposure and Management of Injuries
65.3.1 Axillary Artery Injuries
65.3.2 Brachial Artery Injuries
65.4 Role of Endovascular Therapy
Recommended Reading
66: Femoral Vessels
66.1 Do Not Be Distracted by the Obvious: More Than a Groin Wound
66.2 The “Asymptomatic” Groin Wound
66.3 The Indeterminate Groin
66.4 The Bleeding Groin
Recommended Reading
67: Popliteal Vessels
67.1 Anatomy of the Popliteal Vessels for the Trauma Surgeon
67.2 Making the Diagnosis and Immediate Management
67.3 To the Operating Room
67.3.1 The Medial Approach
67.3.2 The Posterior Approach
67.4 Choose Your Arterial Repair Wisely
67.5 Popliteal Vein Injury
67.6 The Post-repair Checklist
67.7 Special Situations and Controversies
67.7.1 The Unstable Patient
67.7.2 Active Hemorrhage
67.7.3 Associated Fractures
67.7.4 Local Versus Systemic Heparinization
67.7.5 Limb Amputation
67.7.6 Battlefield or High-Velocity Penetrating Leg Injuries
67.7.7 Endovascular Techniques in the Popliteal Fossa
Recommended Reading
Part VII: Other Topics
68: Management of Penetrating Soft Tissue Injuries
68.1 Patients with Multiple Injuries
68.2 Wound Assessment
68.3 Fasciotomies
68.4 Nerve Injuries
68.5 Goals
68.6 Methods of Soft Tissue Cover
68.6.1 Direct Closure
68.6.2 Skin Grafts
68.6.3 Flaps
68.6.3.1 Muscle and Musculocutaneous Flaps
68.6.3.2 Fascial and Fasciocutaneous Flaps
68.6.3.3 Perforator Flaps
68.6.3.4 Free Flaps
68.6.4 Tissue Expansion
68.7 Summary
Recommended Reading
69: Burns and Inhalational Injury
69.1 Initial Management of the Burned Patient: The Emergency Room
69.2 Just Because You Can, Does It Mean You Should?
69.3 Wound Care and Pain Control
69.4 Escharotomies
69.4.1 Chest
69.4.2 Lower Extremity
69.4.3 Upper Extremity
69.5 Pulmonary Function
69.6 When Does the Resuscitation End?
69.7 Altered Hemodynamics
69.8 Nutrition
69.9 Other Critical Care Issues
69.10 Inhalational Injury
69.11 Children
69.12 Chemical Injuries
69.13 Electrical Injuries
Recommended Reading
70: Crush Injuries
70.1 Wound Issues
70.1.1 The Mangled Extremity
70.1.2 Compartment Syndrome
70.2 Systemic Issues
70.3 Hyperbaric Oxygenation as Therapy for Crush Syndromes
Recommended Reading
71: Blast Injuries
71.1 Specific Injury Types
71.1.1 Head Injuries
71.1.2 Eye Injuries
71.1.3 Chest Injuries
71.1.4 Abdominal Injuries
71.1.5 Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Injuries
71.2 The Role of Imaging
Recommended Reading
72: The Elderly Patient
72.1 Definition and Epidemiology
72.2 Age-Related Physiology and Effect on Trauma: What You Should Know
72.2.1 Cardiovascular System
72.2.2 Renal System
72.2.3 Respiratory System
72.2.4 Central Nervous System
72.3 The Geriatric Patient in the Field: Prehospital Evaluation
72.4 The Geriatric Patient in the Emergency Room: Initial Evaluation and Management
72.4.1 Trauma Team Activation: Be Ready!
72.4.2 Primary Survey: The “Geriatric ABCs”
72.4.3 Secondary Survey: Makes a Whole Lot of Difference When Done Properly!
72.4.4 Laboratory Studies and Corrective Measures
72.5 General Management
72.6 Surgical Management: No Patient Is “Too Old” for Surgery
72.6.1 The “Old, Injured Solid Organ” and Nonoperative Management: A Matter of Controversy
72.7 Diagnostic Imaging
72.8 Outcomes
72.9 Clever Points
Recommended Reading
73: The Pediatric Patient
73.1 Resuscitation
73.2 Resuscitative Thoracotomy
73.2.1 Technique
73.3 The Abdomen
73.3.1 Practical Advice and Pitfalls with the Abdomen
73.3.2 The Place for Laparoscopy
73.3.3 The Place for Selective Conservatism
73.4 Penetrating Thoracic Injury
73.4.1 Technique of Insertion of a Chest Tube
73.4.2 Practical Advice and Pitfalls with the Chest
73.5 Penetrating Neck Injuries
73.5.1 Practical Advice and Pitfalls with the Neck
73.6 Peripheral Vascular Injury
73.6.1 Practical Advice and Pitfalls with Vascular Injuries
73.7 Non-powder Gun Injuries
73.8 Summary
Recommended Reading
74: The Pregnant Patient
74.1 Alterations During Pregnancy
74.1.1 Changes in Anatomy
74.1.2 Changes in Physiology (Table 69.1)
74.1.2.1 Circulatory
74.1.2.2 Respiratory
74.1.2.3 Renal
74.1.2.4 Progesterone-Mediated Smooth Muscle Relaxation
74.1.2.5 Laboratory Variants
74.2 Patterns of Injury
74.3 Perioperative Management
74.3.1 Primary Survey
74.3.2 Secondary Survey
74.3.3 Emergency Cesarean Delivery
74.3.4 Nonoperative Management
74.3.5 Prophylaxis
74.4 Operative Management
Recommended Reading
75: Anticoagulation in Penetrating Trauma
Recommended Reading
76: Care Under Austere Conditions: Unlimited Restraints
76.1 Identify Your Resources
76.2 What Do I Really Need?
76.2.1 Peripheral Vascular Reconstruction
76.2.2 Split-Thickness Skin Grafting
76.2.3 Pleural Drainage
76.3 Improvisation
76.4 Minimizing Complex Postoperative Care
76.5 Allocation of Scarce Resources
76.6 Specific Resource Shortages: Oxygen, Suction, and Blood
76.7 Communication and Teamwork
76.8 Critical Care
76.9 Be Culturally Sensitive
76.10 Knowing Your Own Limitations
Conclusions
Recommended Reading
77: The Impact of Trauma on the Psyche
77.1 Delirium
77.1.1 Diagnostic Criteria of Delirium
77.1.2 Clinical Features of Delirium
77.1.3 Investigations for Delirium
77.1.4 Management of Aggression in a Delirious Patient
77.1.5 Management of Alcohol Withdrawal in a Delirious Patient
77.2 Common Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders
77.2.1 Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders
77.2.2 Management of Psychological Trauma
77.2.3 Counseling the Family
References
78: Early Neurotrauma Rehabilitation
78.1 Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation
78.1.1 Projections and Prognosis
78.1.2 Function and Participation
78.1.3 Complications and Rehabilitation Challenges
78.2 Acute Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
78.2.1 The SCI Review of Systems
78.2.2 Functional Goals
78.3 The “Dual Diagnosis”
Recommended Reading
79: Rehabilitation
Recommended Reading
80: “Rehabilitation Matters!”: Physical Rehabilitation as an Essential Process Post-acute Trau
80.1 Definition of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R)
80.2 History of PMR
80.3 The Rehabilitation “Team”
80.4 Rehabilitation Starts in ICU
80.5 Outcomes-Based Rehabilitation (OBR)
Recommended Reading
81: Penetrating Injury Prevention
Recommended Reading
82: Forensic Pathology and Trauma
82.1 Introduction
82.2 How Forensic Science Has Developed Over the Years
82.3 Trauma and Clinical Forensic Medicine
82.4 Processing Potential Forensic Material
82.5 Relating to Trauma-Related Deaths
82.6 The Post-mortem Examination
82.6.1 Brief Summary of the Post-mortem Examination
82.7 Final Formal Post-mortem Report
Recommended Reading
83: The Economics of Trauma Care
83.1 Macroeconomics of Trauma
83.2 Microeconomics of Trauma
83.3 Developing a “Theory of Business” for Trauma Care
83.4 Strategy
83.5 Tactics
83.6 Core Competencies
Recommended Reading
84: Organ Donation
84.1 Identifying Donors
84.2 Consent
84.3 Intensive Care Unit Admission and Protocols
84.4 Declaration of Brain Death
84.5 Aggressive Resuscitation
84.6 Brain Death-Related Complications

People also search for Penetrating Trauma A Practical Guide on Operative Technique and Peri Operative Management 2nd:

penetrating trauma a practical guide on operative technique    
stryker easy clip operative technique    
practical procedures in orthopaedic trauma surgery    
types of trauma surgery    
trauma surgery guidelines

Tags:

George Velmahos,Elias Degiannis,Dietrich Doll,Penetrating Trauma,Practical,Operative Technique,Operative Management