Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment A Study of the Craft in London Paris Prague Vienna and Philadelphia 2d ed 2nd Edition by R William Weisberger ISBN 1476669139 978-1476669137

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 1476669139 

ISBN 13: 978-1476669137

Author:  R. William Weisberger

Freemasonry began with stonemasons in the Middle Ages experiencing the decline of cathedral building. Some guilds invited honorary memberships to boost their numbers. These usually highly educated new members practiced symbolic or “speculative Freemasonry.”

The new Masonic lodges and learned societies offered their growing numbers of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish members an understanding of deism, Newtonian science and representative government, and of literature and the fine arts.

This work describes how Masons on both sides of the Atlantic were mostly either enlighteners, political reformers or moderate revolutionaries. They offered minimal support to radical revolutionary ideas and leaders.

Table of contents:

Acknowledgments viii
Preface
Introduction
1. Speculative Freemasonry in Early Hanoverian London
2. Parisian Masonry, the Lodge of the Nine Sisters and the French Enlightenment
3. Prague and Viennese Freemasonry, the Enlightenment and the Operations of the True Harmony Lodge of Vienna
Conclusion: An Evaluation of ­Eighteenth-Century
Speculative Freemasonry in London, Paris, Prague and Vienna
Appendix 1: Lodges
Appendix 2: Benjamin Franklin: A Masonic Enlightener in Paris
Appendix 3: Freemasonry as a Source of Jewish Civic Rights in Late ­Eighteenth-Century Vienna and Philadelphia: A Study in Atlantic History
Chapter Notes

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Tags: R William Weisberger, Speculative Freemasonry, Enlightenment, Craft, London Paris, Prague, Vienna, Philadelphia