Speleological and Speleogenetic Aspects of the Monti di Capo San Vito Sicily Influence of Morphotectonic Evolution 1st Edition by Rosario Ruggieri 3319217208 9783319217208

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ISBN-10 :  3319217208 

ISBN-13 : 9783319217208

Author: Rosario Ruggieri 

This thesis includes a wealth of cave maps, as well as photos of the caves and karst morphologies. At the heart of the thesis is the important discovery of a flank margin cave with speleothem hiatuses and fossil invertebrate associations. The analysis of the structural and karst morphological elements surveyed in the main explored caves in Monti di Capo San Vito has made it possible to identify both the state of control of the processes of karstification in tectonic phases during the Plio-Pleistocene upliftings and the kinematic character of some karstified structures, linked at two speleogenetic phases. Furthermore, the surveying of karst forms on the relict sea-cliffs and particularly the exceptional discovery and dating of marine and continental incrustations in the Rumena cave, has yielded essential advances in our knowledge of past climatic events and eustatic level changes in the Mediterranean, as well as their influence on the evolution of the coastal belt.

Speleological and Speleogenetic Aspects of the Monti di Capo San Vito Sicily Influence of Morphotectonic Evolution 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
1.1 Importance of the Study Area
1.2 Goals of the Thesis
1.3 Methodology
2 Research Area
2.1 Physical Geography
2.2 Geomorphological Features
2.2.1 Coastal Areas
2.2.2 The Mt. Sparagio Ridge
2.2.3 The Mt. Palatimone Ridge
2.2.4 The Purgatorio Plain
2.2.5 The Mt. Acci–Pizzo di Sella Ridge
2.2.6 The Mt. Speziale–Mt. Scardina Ridge
2.2.7 The Mt. Cofano Area
2.2.8 The Scopello Area
References
3 Hydrographic Aspects
3.1 Climatic Aspects
3.2 Elements of Hydrology
3.2.1 Streams
3.2.2 Springs
3.3 Hydrographic Network
3.3.1 Fluviokarstic Canyons
3.3.2 Fluviokarstic Gorges
3.3.3 Dry Valleys
3.3.4 Poljes
3.3.5 Uvalas
3.3.6 Dolines
3.3.7 Swallow Holes
References
4 Geological Framework
4.1 Regional Geological Context
4.1.1 Structural Domains in the Central Mediterranean
4.2 Geological Setting of the Study Area
4.2.1 Previous Studies
4.2.2 Lithology
4.2.3 Structural Setting
References
5 Hydrogeological Aspects
5.1 General Framework
5.1.1 Mt. Palatimone–Polje of Purgatorio’s Hydrostructure
5.1.2 Mt. Sparagio’s Hydrostructure
5.1.3 Mt. Bufara–Piano Zubbia’s Hydrostructure
5.1.4 Mt. Monaco–Speziale–Mt. Scardina’s Hydrostructure
5.2 The Coastal Strip and the Problems of the Vulnerability of the Aquifers
References
6 Karst Geomorphological Features
6.1 Karst Features of the Study Area
6.2 Surface Karst Morphologies
6.2.1 Elementary Karren Features
6.2.1.1 Tiny Water Films–Linear Forms Hydrodynamically Controlled
6.2.1.2 Stormshowers–Circular Plan Forms
6.2.1.3 Direct Rainfall–Linear Forms Hydrodynamically Controlled
6.2.1.4 Channelled Waterflow–Linear Forms Hydrodynamically Controlled
6.2.1.5 Standing Water–Circular Plan Forms
6.2.1.6 Sheet Wash Waterflow
6.2.1.7 Infiltration–Linear Forms Fracture Controlled
6.3 The Epikarst Pattern and Its Subcutaneous Rock Forms
6.3.1 Soil Percolation Rock Forms
6.4 Complex Processes–Polygenetic Forms
6.4.1 Biokarstic Borings and Lichen Karren
6.5 Macro Karst Forms
6.5.1 Closed Depressions
6.6 Karst Cave Morpho-Tectonic Structures
6.6.1 The Caves in the Mt. Bufara–Cerriolo–Piano Zubbia Area (Site a)
6.6.1.1 Structural Data
6.6.2 The Caves in the Mt. Palatimone–Mt. San Giovanni Ridge (Site b)
6.6.2.1 Structural Data
6.6.3 The Caves of Purgatorio Polje (Site c)
6.6.3.1 Structural Data
6.6.4 The Caves in the Mt. Sparagio Ridge (Site d)
6.6.4.1 Structural Data
6.6.5 The Caves in the Mt. Monaco–Mt. Speziale–Mt. Scardina Ridge (Site e)
6.6.5.1 Structural Data
6.7 The Sea Caves and Coastal Karren in the Relict Sea-Cliffs
6.7.1 The Mt. Cofano–Mt. Palatimone Relict Sea-Cliff Features
6.7.2 The Scurati–Cerriolo Relict Sea-Cliff Features
6.7.3 The Rocca Rumena Relict Sea-Cliff Features
6.7.3.1 The Rumena Flank Margin Cave
6.7.3.2 The Rumena Cave Hard Surface Palaeocommunity
6.7.3.3 The Rumena Cave Speleothem Dating
6.7.4 Caves in the Sea Paleo-Terraces of the Cornino Plain
6.7.5 The Peninsula of Capo San Vito–Mt. Monaco Relict Sea-Cliffs and Makari–Tonnara del Secco Sea
6.7.6 The Zingaro Natural Reserve Relict Sea-Cliff Features
References
7 Structural Geological Analysis of the Karst Surface Area
7.1 Aims of the Surface Structural Survey
7.1.1 Structural Survey of Mt. Bufara–Cerriolo–Piano Zubbia Area (Site a)
7.1.2 Grotta del Fantasma Area
7.1.3 Grotta della Clava Area
7.1.4 Grotta Maria SS. di Custonaci Area
7.1.5 Grotta Cerriolo Area
7.1.6 Bufara Doline Area
7.2 Structural Survey of Mt. Palatimone Area (Site b)
7.2.1 Western Area (Middle Upper) Mt. Palatimone
7.2.2 The Central Ridge of Mt. Palatimone
7.2.3 The Eastern Ridge of Mt. Palatimone
7.3 Structural Survey of Purgatorio Polje (Site c)
7.3.1 Northern-Central Side of the Polje
7.3.2 Structural Survey of “Alto Muciara” Area in the South–Western Sector of the Purgatorio Depr
7.4 Structural Survey of Mt. Sparagio Area (Site d)
7.4.1 Cocuccio–Giocolamaro–Noce Areas
7.5 General Analysis of the Results
7.6 Correlation between Structures and Cave Morphostructures in Site a
7.7 Correlation between Structures and Cave Morphostructures in Site b
7.8 Correlation between Structures and Cave Morphostructures and Karst Landforms in Site c
7.9 Correlation between Structures and Cave Morphostructures and Karst Landforms in Site d
7.10 General Observations on the Karst Landform Mt. Palatimone–Purgatorio Polje
References
8 Results and Discussion
8.1 Structural Control in the Karst Processes
8.2 Influences of Morphotectonic Evolution and Climate Changes on the Karst Landforms of the Study A
8.2.1 Coastal Areas
8.2.1.1 Cornino Plain and Scurati—Rocca Rumena Relict Sea-Cliffs
Age of the Relict Sea-Cliff Karst Morphologies
Age of Grotta del Fantasma
8.2.1.2 San Vito Lo Capo Peninsula Relict Sea-Cliffs
Age of the Relict Sea-Cliff Karst Morphologies
8.2.2 Inland Areas
8.2.2.1 The Paleogeographic Context and Evolution of the Karst Processes
Late Miocene—Early Pliocene
The Lower Pleistocene
The Middle Pleistocene
The Upper Pleistocene–Holocene
8.3 The Contributions of This Study
8.3.1 The Contribution to the Evolution of Karst Forms in the Context of Tectonic Sheets Together wi
8.3.2 The Contribution that the Study of Karst Phenomena can give to the Variations of the Land-Sea
8.4 Open Questions

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