The Age of Innocence Nuclear Physics between the First and Second World Wars 1st edition by Roger Stuewer 9780192562906 0192562908

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• ISBN 10:0192562908 

• ISBN 13:9780192562906

• Author:Roger Stuewer  

The Age of Innocence
Nuclear Physics between the First and Second World Wars
The two decades between the first and second world wars saw the emergence of nuclear physics as the dominant field of experimental and theoretical physics, owing to the work of an international cast of gifted physicists. Prominent among them were Ernest Rutherford, George Gamow, the husband and wife team of Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton, Gregory Breit and Eugene Wigner, Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch, the brash Ernest Lawrence, the prodigious Enrico Fermi, and the incomparable Niels Bohr. Their experimental and theoretical work arose from a quest to understand nuclear phenomena; it was not motivated by a desire to find a practical application for nuclear energy. In this sense, these physicists lived in an ‘Age of Innocence’. They did not, however, live in isolation. Their research reflected their idiosyncratic personalities; it was shaped by the physical and intellectual environments of the countries and institutions in which they worked. It was also buffeted by the political upheavals after the Great War: the punitive postwar treaties, the runaway inflation in Germany and Austria, the Great Depression, and the intellectual migration from Germany and later from Austria and Italy. Their pioneering experimental and theoretical achievements in the interwar period therefore are set within their personal, institutional, and political contexts. Both domains and their mutual influences are conveyed by quotations from autobiographies, biographies, recollections, interviews, correspondence, and other writings of physicists and historians.

The Age of Innocence Nuclear Physics between the First and Second World Wars 1st Table of contents:

1. Cambridge and the Cavendish
THOMSON
RUTHERFORD
THE FOURTH CAVENDISH PROFESSOR
RUTHERFORD REIGNS SUPREME
NOTES
2. European and Nuclear Disintegration
THE GREAT WAR
Mobilization
The Manifesto of the Ninety-Three
The Horror of the War
Armistice and Aftermath
The Human Cost of the War
RUTHERFORD’S DISCOVERY OF ARTIFICIAL NUCLEAR DISINTEGRATION
CHADWICK
RUTHERFORD’S SATELLITE MODEL OF THE NUCLEUS
NOTES
3. Vienna and the Institute for Radium Research
VIENNA
THE GREAT INFLATION
MEYER
THE INSTITUTE FOR RADIUM RESEARCH
MEYER AS DIRECTOR
NOTES
4. The Cambridge–Vienna Controversy
CHALLENGE FROM VIENNA
STALEMATE
RUTHERFORD’S SATELLITE MODEL AND NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY
PRIVATE EXPOSÉ
AFTERMATH
NOTES
5. The Quantum-Mechanical Nucleus
QUANTUM MECHANICS
PHYSICS IN LENINGRAD
GAMOW
ALPHA DECAY
SIMULTANEOUS DISCOVERY
CAMBRIDGE AND COPENHAGEN
RETURN TO LENINGRAD
NOTES
6. Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure
NUCLEAR ELECTRONS
CONTRADICTIONS
GAMOW’S LIQUID-DROP MODEL
BOTHE
MARIE CURIE AND THE INSTITUT DU RADIUM
FRÉDÉRIC JOLIOT AND IRÈNE CURIE
THE ROME CONFERENCE
NOTES
7. New Particles
UREY AND THE DEUTERON
CHADWICK AND THE NEUTRON
ANDERSON AND THE POSITRON
DIRAC
BLACKETT
NOTES
8. New Machines
COCKCROFT
WALTON
COCKCROFT–WALTON ACCELERATOR
LAWRENCE AND TUVE
CYCLOTRON
FIVE NOBEL PRIZES IN PHYSICS
NOTES
9. Nuclear Physicists at the Crossroads
REFUGEES
BRITISH RESPONSE
AMERICAN RESPONSE
THE NEUTRON: COMPOUND OR ELEMENTARY?
THE SEVENTH SOLVAY CONFERENCE
NUCLEAR QUESTIONS
AFTERMATH
Fermi’s Theory of Beta Decay
The Demise of Lawrence’s Low-Mass Neutron
The Neutron: An Unstable Elementary Particle
NOTES
10. Exiles and Immigrants
NAZI DOGMA DENOUNCED AND DEFENDED
ILLUSTRIOUS IMMIGRANTS
Gamow
Schrödinger
Goldhaber and Schar˛ Goldhaber
Elsasser
Peierls
Frisch
Bloch
Bethe
WELCOME TO AMERICA
NOTES
11. Artificial Radioactivity
CURIE AND JOLIOT
DISCOVERY
RECEPTION
FERMI
DISCOVERY
RECEPTION
DEATH OF MARIE CURIE
NOTES
12. Beta Decay Redux, Slow Neutrons, Bohr and his Realm
TRAVELS
THE LONDON–CAMBRIDGE CONFERENCE
Rutherford
Beck, Sitte, and Beta Decay
Artificial Radioactivity and Other Fields
DISCOVERY OF SLOW NEUTRONS
Serendipity
BOHR AND THE BOHR INSTITUTE
FRANCK, HEVESY, AND EXODUS
NOTES
13. New Theories of Nuclear Reactions
THE COMPOUND NUCLEUS
TRIP AROUND THE WORLD
BREIT
WIGNER
NUCLEUS+NEUTRON RESONANCES
DEATH OF CORBINO
DEATH OF RUTHERFORD
NOTES
14. The Plague Spreads to Austria and Italy
ANSCHLUSS
ILLUSTRIOUS AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EXILES
Schrödinger
Meyer
Blau
Rona
Meitner
ILLUSTRIOUS ITALIAN EXILES
Rossi
Segrè
Fermi
NOTES
15. The New World
NUCLEAR FISSION
Discovery
Interpretation
BOHR AND FERMI IN AMERICA
NOTES
ARCHIVES
ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS
WEBSITES
JOURNAL ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NAME INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
 

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