The Caribbean before Columbus 1st Edition by William Keegan, Corinne Hofman 0190647353 9780190647353

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ISBN-10 :  0190647353 

ISBN-13 : 9780190647353

Author: William F. Keegan, Corinne L. Hofman 

The islands of the Caribbean are remarkably diverse, environmentally and culturally. They range from low limestone islands barely above sea level to volcanic islands with mountainous peaks; from large islands to small cays; from islands with tropical rainforests to those with desert habitats. Today’s inhabitants have equally diverse culture histories. The islands are home to a mosaic of indigenous communities and to the descendants of Spanish, French, Dutch, English, Swedish, Danish, Irish, African, East Indian, Chinese, Syrian, Seminole and other nationalities who settled there during historic times. The islands are now being homogenized, all to create a standard experience for the Caribbean tourist. There is a similar attempt to homogenize the Caribbean’s pre-Columbian past. It was assumed that every new prehistoric culture had developed out of the culture that preceded it. We now know that far more complicated processes of migration, acculturation, and accommodation occurred. Furthermore, the overly simplistic distinction between the “peaceful Arawak” and the “cannibal Carib,” which forms the structure for James Michener’s Caribbean, still dominates popular notions of precolonial Caribbean societies. This book documents the diversity and complexity that existed in the Caribbean prior to the arrival of Europeans, and immediately thereafter. The diversity results from different origins, different histories, different contacts between the islands and the mainland, different environmental conditions, and shifting social alliances. Organized chronologically, from the arrival of the first humans-the paleo-Indians-in the sixth millennium BC to early contact with Europeans, The Caribbean before Columbus presents a new history of the region based on the latest archaeological evidence. The authors also consider cultural developments on the surrounding mainland, since the islands’ history is a story of mobility and exchange across the Caribbean Sea, and possibly the Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits. The result is the most up-to-date and comprehensive survey of the richly complex cultures who once inhabited the six archipelagoes of the Caribbean.

The Caribbean before Columbus 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Caribbean Kaleidoscope
Different Ways of Seeing
Far Tortuga
The Name Game
Ciboney and Guanahatebey
Indios, Arawak, Taíno, Lucayan, and Igneri
Carib and Kalinago
Caribbean Archaeology in Practice
Changing Frames of Reference
Underlying Structure
Chapter 2: The Earliest Inhabitants
Flaked-Stone Complexes
Origins
Cultural Characteristics
Environmental Considerations
Barrera-Mordán Site, Dominican Republic (c. 4000 BC)
Lithic Age Assemblages
Ground-Stone Complexes
Banwari Trace Site, Trinidad (c. 5000 BC)
Origins
Climate Change and Anthropogenic Landscapes
Archaic Age Assemblages in the Greater Antilles
Archaic Age Pottery
European Encounters with Archaic Age Communities
Conclusions
Chapter 3: The Early Ceramic Age
From Forest to Sea
Creating Identities
Trants Site, Montserrat (c. 400 BC to AD 500)
Hacienda Grande Site, Puerto Rico (c. AD 150–500)
Redefining the Early Ceramic Age
Morel Site, Guadeloupe (c. 400 BC to AD 1400)
Settlement Patterns
Golden Rock Site, St. Eustatius (c. AD 200 to AD 850)
Subsistence Economy
Material Culture
Sociopolitical Organization
Cosmology
Conclusions
Chapter 4: Post-Saladoid Puerto Rico
Dispersion (c. AD 500–900)
Crab/Shell Dichotomy
A Plethora of Pottery Styles
Population Growth and Settlement Patterns
Rio Tanamá 2 Site (c. cal AD 350–890)
Egalitarian, Hierarchical, or Heterarchical?
Settlement Landscape and Community Structure (AD 900 and Beyond)
Rio Tanamá 1 Site (c. cal AD 980–1490)
Formalization of Exchange
Plaza de Estrella, Tibes Ceremonial Center
“Taíno” in Puerto Rico?
Late Pottery Styles
Demography
Stone-lined Courts and Plazas
Cacicazgos
Conclusions
Chapter 5 The Meillacoid and Chicoid Worlds
Foragers and Farmers
Pottery Styles in Hispaniola
An Island Divided
El Cabo Site, Southeastern Dominican Republic (c. AD 600–1500)
Northwestern Dominican Republic
Meillacoid Revolution
El Flaco Site, Northwestern Dominican Republic (c. AD 900–1500)
Île à Rat Site, Haiti (c. AD 900–1500)
Social Transformations
Cacicazgos
En Bas Saline Site, Haiti (c. AD 1492)
Sweetness and Power
Chicoid Expansion
Conclusions
Chapter 6 Cuba, the Bahama Archipelago, and Jamaica
Cuba
Preagroalfarera (Archaic Age)
Protoagrícola (Incipient Agriculture)
Agricultores Ceramistas (Ceramic Age)
Regional Integration
El Chorro de Maíta, Banes (c. AD 1200 to post–AD 1550)
Chicoid Influences
Los Buchillones Site (c. AD 1220–1640)
Conclusions
Bahama Archipelago
Coralie Site, Grand Turk, Turks & Caicos Islands (c. AD 700–1100)
Small Islands
Governors Beach Site, Grand Turk, Turks & Caicos Islands (c. AD 1100–1300)
Permanent Settlement
Late Ceramic Age
MC-6 Site, Middle Caicos, Turks & Caicos Islands (c. AD 1400–1600)
The (Not So) Empty Islands
Jamaica
Pottery Series as Distinct Cultures
Paradise Park Sites, Westmoreland (c. AD 850 and AD 1430)
Conclusions
Chapter 7: Lesser Antillean Networks
The First Islanders
Plum Piece Site, Saba (c. 1875–1520 BC)
Late Archaic Age
Archaic Age Summary
Neolithization of the Lesser Antilles
Post-Saladoid Developments
Anse à la Gourde Site, Guadeloupe (c. AD 450–1350)
Windward Islands (Southern Lesser Antilles)
Giraudy Site, St. Lucia (c. AD 900–1500)
Social and Political Networks
Kelbey’s Ridge 2 Site, Saba (c. AD 1350)
Demographic Collapse after AD 1300
Morne Cybèle and Morne Souffler Sites, La Désirade (c. AD 1440–1460)
Kalinago Archaeology
Argyle Site, St. Vincent
Conclusions
Chapter 8 Caribbean Encounters
Columbus and Cannibals
Cannibal Raids or Indigenous Trade?
Colonial Emergence
Language
Archaeological Research
Indigenous Settlements
Subsistence
Social Organization
Cacicazgos (Chiefdoms)
Mythology and Religion
Demography
Early Colonial European Chroniclers and the French Missionaries
Kaleidoscope: The Final Turn
References

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