The chemistry and technology of coal 1st Edition by James Speight ISBN 9781040059098 1040059090

The chemistry and technology of coal 1st Edition by James Speight – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9781040059098 ,1040059090
Full download The chemistry and technology of coal 1st Edition after payment

Product details:
ISBN 10: 1040059090
ISBN 13: 9781040059098
Author: James Speight

The chemistry and technology of coal 1st Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Occurrence and Resources

1.1 Introduction

1.2 History

1.3 Rock Environment

1.4 Seam Structure

1.4.1 Shale Partings and Split Coal

1.4.2 Washouts

1.4.3 Dipping and Folded Strata

1.4.4 Faults

1.4.5 Clastic Dikes and Clay Veins

1.4.6 Fractures and Cleats

1.4.7 Concretions

1.4.8 Igneous Intrusions

1.5 Reserves

1.5.1 Proven Reserves (Proved Reserves)

1.5.2 Inferred Reserves (Unproved Reserves)

1.5.3 Potential Reserves (Probable Reserves, Possible Reserves)

1.5.4 Undiscovered Reserves

1.5.5 Coal Bed Methane

1.5.5.1 Reservoir Characteristics

1.5.5.2 Contamination

1.5.5.3 Recovery

1.6 Resources

References

Chapter 2 Classification

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Classification Systems

2.2.1 Geological Age

2.2.2 Banded Structure

2.2.3 Rank

2.2.4 Coal Survey (National Coal Board, UK)

2.2.5 International System

2.3 Correlation Of The Various Systems

2.4 Epilogue

References

Chapter 3 An Organic Sediment

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Precursors Of Coal

3.2.1 Lignin

3.2.2 Carbohydrates

3.2.3 Proteins

3.2.4 Oils, Fats, and Waxes

3.2.5 Miscellaneous Organic Materials

3.2.5.1 Resins

3.2.5.2 Tannins

3.2.5.3 Alkaloids

3.2.5.4 Porphyrins

3.2.5.5 Hydrocarbons

3.2.5.6 Inorganic Constituents (Mineral Constituents) of Plants

3.3 Coal-Forming Processes

3.3.1 Establishment of Source Beds

3.3.1.1 Transportation Theory (Allochthonous Theory)

3.3.1.2 Peat Swamp Theory (Autochthonous Theory)

3.3.2 Geochemical and Metamorphic Processes

3.4 Heteroatoms In Coal

3.4.1 Nitrogen

3.4.2 Oxygen

3.4.3 Sulfur

3.4.4 Other Elements

3.5 Epilogue

References

Chapter 4 An Organic Rock

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Physical Structure

4.3 Petrology

4.4 Petrography

4.4.1 Lithotypes

4.4.2 Macerals

4.4.2.1 Vitrinite Macerals

4.4.2.2 Liptinite Macerals

4.4.2.3 Inertinite Macerals

4.4.3 Microlithotypes

4.4.4 Inorganic Constituents

4.5 Petrology, Petrography, And Behavior

References

Chapter 5 Recovery

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Exploratory Drilling Equipment And Techniques

5.2.1 Equipment and Techniques

5.2.2 Recent Advances

5.3 Mining

5.3.1 Underground Mining

5.3.1.1 Conventional Mining

5.3.1.2 Continuous Mining

5.3.1.3 Longwall Mining

5.3.1.4 Shortwall Mining

5.3.1.5 Room and Pillar Mining

5.3.1.6 Miscellaneous Methods

5.3.2 Mine Environment

5.3.2.1 Mine Floor and Roof Strata

5.3.2.2 Gas Evolution

5.3.2.3 Rock Bursts

5.3.2.4 Coal Dust

5.3.2.5 Mine Fires

5.3.2.6 Mine Ventilation

5.3.3 Underground Transportation

5.3.4 Mine Gases

5.3.4.1 Firedamp (Methane)

5.3.4.2 Whitedamp (Carbon Monoxide)

5.3.4.3 Blackdamp (Carbon Dioxide)

5.3.4.4 Stinkdamp (Hydrogen Sulfide)

5.3.4.5 Afterdamp (Mixed Gases)

5.3.5 Mine Hazards

5.3.6 Surface Mining

5.3.6.1 Strip Mining

5.3.6.2 Open Pit Mining

5.3.6.3 Contour Mining

5.3.6.4 Auger Mining

5.3.6.5 Mountain Top Removal

References

Chapter 6 Preparation, Transportation, and Storage

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Coal Preparation

6.3 Size Reduction

6.3.1 Rotary Breaker

6.3.2 Roll Crusher

6.3.3 Hammer Mill

6.3.4 Impactors

6.3.5 Tumbling Mills

6.4 Coal Cleaning

6.4.1 Effect of Composition and Rank

6.4.2 Methods

6.4.2.1 Dense-Media Washing

6.4.2.2 Pneumatic Cleaning

6.4.2.3 Jig-Table Washing

6.4.2.4 Water Clarification

6.4.2.5 Other Processes

6.5 Coal Drying

6.6 Desulfurization

6.7 Coal Sampling

6.8 Transportation

6.8.1 Unit Train

6.8.2 Coal Barge

6.8.3 Coal Pipeline

6.8.4 Truck Transport

6.8.5 Ocean Transport

6.8.6 Conveyer Belt Transport

6.9 Storage

6.9.1 Oxidation and Spontaneous Combustion

6.9.1.1 Oxidation

6.9.1.2 Oxidation and Rank

6.9.1.3 Pyrite

6.9.1.4 Coal Size and Stockpile Ventilation

6.9.1.5 Moisture Content

6.9.1.6 Time Factor

6.9.2 Effect of Storage on Coal Properties

6.9.3 Elements of Safe Mine Storage and Reclaiming of Coal

6.9.3.1 Long-Term Storage

6.9.3.2 Short-Term Storage

References

Chapter 7 Mineral Matter

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Origin Of Mineral Matter In Coal

7.3 Occurrence

7.4 Mineral Types

7.4.1 Clay Minerals (Aluminosilicates)

7.4.2 Quartz (Silica)

7.4.3 Carbonate Minerals

7.4.4 Sulfur (Sulfide and Sulfate) Minerals

7.5 Classification

7.6 Evaluation Of Mineral Matter

7.6.1 Ashing Techniques

7.6.2 Ash Analysis and/or Direct Mineral Analysis

7.7 Chemistry Of Ash Formation

7.8 Effect Of Mineral Matter In Coal

References

Chapter 8 Coal Analysis

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Sampling

8.2.1 In Situ Sampling

8.2.2 Ex Situ Sampling

8.3 Proximate Analysis

8.3.1 Moisture

8.3.2 Natural Bed Moisture (Equilibrium Moisture, Capacity Moisture)

8.3.3 Volatile Matter

8.3.4 ASH

8.3.5 Fixed Carbon

8.4 Ultimate Analysis (Elemental Analysis)

8.4.1 Carbon and Hydrogen

8.4.2 Nitrogen

8.4.3 Sulfur

8.4.4 Oxygen

8.4.5 Chlorine

8.4.6 Mercury

8.5 Calorific Value

8.6 Reporting Coal Analyses

8.7 Precision And Accuracy

8.8 Interrelationships Of Analytical And Physical Data

References

Chapter 9 Coal Properties

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Physical Properties

9.2.1 Density (Specific Gravity)

9.2.2 Porosity and Surface Area

9.2.3 Reflectance

9.2.4 Refractive Index

9.3 Mechanical Properties

9.3.1 Strength

9.3.2 Hardness

9.3.3 Friability

9.3.4 Grindability

9.3.5 Dustiness Index

9.3.6 Cleat Structure

9.3.7 Deformation and Flow under Stress

9.4 Thermal Properties

9.4.1 Calorific Value

9.4.2 Heat Capacity

9.4.3 Thermal Conductivity

9.4.4 Plastic and Agglutinating Properties

9.4.5 Agglomerating Index

9.4.6 Free Swelling Index

9.5 Electrical Properties

9.5.1 Specific Resistance (Resistivity)

9.5.2 Electrical Conductivity

9.5.3 Dielectric Constant

9.6 Epilogue

References

Chapter 10 Organic Constituents

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Solvent Extraction

10.2.1 Soluble Constituents

10.2.2 Insoluble Constituents

10.3 Chemical Methods

10.4 Spectroscopic Methods

10.4.1 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

10.4.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

10.4.3 X-Ray Diffraction

10.4.4 Electron Spin Resonance

10.4.5 Mass Spectroscopy

10.4.6 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

10.4.7 Electron Microscopy

10.5 Physical Property Methods

10.6 Heteroatoms

10.6.1 Nitrogen

10.6.2 Oxygen

10.6.3 Sulfur

10.7 Molecular Weight

10.7.1 Depolymerization

10.7.2 Reductive Alkylation

10.7.3 Acylation

10.7.4 Base Alcohol Hydrolysis

10.7.5 Miscellaneous Methods

10.8 Assessment Of Coal Structure

10.8.1 Elemental Analysis

10.8.2 Oxygen Functional Groups in Coal

10.8.3 Pore Structure

References

Chapter 11 Solvent Extraction

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Physicochemical Concepts

11.3 Action Of Specific Solvents

11.3.1 Influence of Coal Rank

11.3.2 Influence of Solvent Type

11.4 Composition Of The Extracts

11.5 Solvolysis

11.6 Solvent Swelling Of Coal

11.7 Epilogue

References

Chapter 12 Chemical Reactivity

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Reactions With Oxygen (Or Air)

12.2.1 Chemical and Physicochemical Aspects

12.2.2 Effect of Moisture

12.2.3 Effect of Pyrite

12.2.4 Spontaneous Ignition

12.3 Reactions With Oxidants

12.4 Bacterial Oxidation Of Coal

12.5 Hydrogenation

12.5.1 Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation

12.5.2 Vapor-Phase Hydrogenation

12.5.3 Influence of Petrographic Composition

12.5.4 Desulfurization during Hydrogenation

12.6 Halogenation

12.7 Alkylation

12.8 Depolymerization

12.9 Hydrolysis

12.10 Miscellaneous Reactions

12.10.1 Reactions of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups

12.10.2 Reactions of Sulfur-Containing Functional Groups

12.10.3 Reactions of Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups

12.10.4 Reactions of Mineral Matter and Trace Elements

References

Chapter 13 Thermal Reactivity

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Thermal Decomposition Processes

13.2.1 Pyrolysis

13.2.2 Carbonization

13.2.3 Flash Pyrolysis and Hydropyrolysis

13.3 Physicochemical Aspects

13.3.1 Thermal and Rheological Behavior

13.3.2 Kinetic Aspects

13.3.3 Petrographic Composition

13.4 Thermal Decomposition Products

13.4.1 Gaseous and Liquid Products

13.4.2 Solid Products

References

Part II Technology and Utilization

Combustion And Electric Power Generation

Carbonization (Briquetting And Pelletizing)

Liquefaction

Gasification

Clean Coal Technologies

Gas Cleaning

Chemicals From Coal

Environmental Aspects Of Coal Use

Energy Security

References

Chapter 14 Combustion

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Chemistry And Physics

14.2.1 Influence of Coal Quality

14.2.2 Mechanisms

14.2.3 Ignition

14.2.4 Surface Effects

14.2.5 Reaction Rates

14.2.6 Heat Balance

14.2.7 Soot Formation

14.2.8 Convection and Radiation

14.2.9 Fouling

14.2.10 Additives and Catalysts

14.2.11 Excess Air

14.2.12 Coal/Air: Transport

14.2.13 Spontaneous Combustion

14.3 Combustion Systems

14.3.1 Fixed Beds (Slowly Moving Beds)

14.3.1.1 Up-Draught Combustion

14.3.1.2 Down-Draught Combustion

14.3.2 Fluidized Beds

14.3.3 Entrained Systems

14.3.4 Miscellaneous Systems

14.3.4.1 Colloidal Fuel-Fired Units

14.3.4.2 Ignifluid System

14.3.4.3 Submerged Combustion Systems

14.3.5 Fuel Feeders

14.4 Coal–Liquid Mixtures

14.4.1 Coal–Oil Mixtures

14.4.2 Coal–Water Mixtures

14.4.3 Process Technology

14.4.4 Combustion

14.5 Coal Combustion Products

References

Chapter 15 Electric Power Generation

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Electricity From Coal

15.2.1 Coal Properties

15.2.2 Combustion Technology

15.2.2.1 Direct Combustion Technology

15.2.2.2 Fixed-Bed Combustors

15.2.2.3 Entrained Pulverized Coal Firing

15.2.2.4 Cyclone-Fired System

15.2.2.5 Tangential-Fired System

15.2.2.6 Fluidized-Bed Combustion

15.2.2.7 Arch-Fired Systems

15.2.2.8 Gas Turbine Systems

15.2.2.9 Combined-Cycle Generation

15.2.2.10 Cogeneration

15.2.2.11 IGCC Technology

15.3 Steam Generation

15.4 Power Plant Waste

15.4.1 Coal Ash

15.4.2 Flue-Gas-Desulfurization Waste

15.4.3 Waste Heat

15.5 Coal–Water Fuels

15.6 Air Pollution Control Devices

15.6.1 Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

15.6.2 Sulfur Oxide Emissions

15.7 Carbon Capture And Storage Technologies

References

Chapter 16 Carbonization

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Physicochemical Aspects

16.2.1 Effect of Coal Properties

16.2.2 Determination of Coke Properties

16.3 Process Concepts

16.3.1 Low-Temperature Carbonization

16.3.2 High-Temperature Carbonization

16.4 Coal Tar

16.5 Coke

16.6 Charcoal

References

Chapter 17 Briquetting and Pelletizing

17.1 Introduction

17.2 General Concepts

17.2.1 Coal Briquettes

17.3 Briquetting Technology

17.3.1 Briquetting Techniques

17.3.2 Technology Overview

17.3.2.1 Carbonization Stage

17.3.2.2 Forming Stage

17.4 Charcoal Briquettes

17.4.1 Raw Materials

17.4.2 Manufacturing Process

17.4.3 Feedstocks and Briquette Production

17.4.4 By-Product Waste

17.5 Bio-Briquettes

17.5.1 Production

17.5.2 Bio-Briquettes versus Coal Briquettes

17.6 Briquette Properties

17.6.1 Influence of Coal Type

17.6.2 Influence of Binder

17.6.2.1 Coal Tar

17.6.2.2 Petroleum Residua

17.6.2.3 Sulfite Liquor

17.6.2.4 Starch Materials

17.6.2.5 Lime

17.6.3 Types and Sizes

17.6.4 Mechanical and Burning Properties

17.7 Processes

17.7.1 Anthracine Process

17.7.2 Thermal Oxidation in a Sand Bed

17.7.3 INIEX Process

17.7.4 Foundry Form Coke Process

17.7.5 FMC Process

17.7.6 Ancit Process

17.8 Pelletizing

17.8.1 Cold Pelletizing

17.8.2 Hot Pelletizing

References

Chapter 18 Liquefaction

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Physicochemical Aspects

18.3 Process Classification

18.3.1 Pyrolysis Processes

18.3.2 Solvent Extraction Processes

18.3.3 Catalytic Liquefaction Processes

18.3.4 Indirect Liquefaction Processes

18.4 Reactors

18.5 Products

18.5.1 Characterization

18.5.2 Compound Types

18.5.3 Asphaltene Constituents

18.5.4 Refining

References

Chapter 19 Liquefaction Processes

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Pyrolysis Processes

19.2.1 Lurgi–Ruhrgas Process

19.2.2 Char-Oil Energy Development Process

19.2.3 Occidental Flash Pyrolysis Process

19.2.4 Toscoal Process

19.2.5 Clean Coke Process

19.2.6 Coalcon Process

19.3 Solvent Extraction Processes

19.3.1 Consol Synthetic Fuel Process

19.3.2 Costeam Process

19.3.3 Extractive Coking Process

19.3.4 Extraction by Supercritical Fluids

19.3.5 Exxon Donor Solvent Process

19.3.6 Pott–Broche Process

19.3.7 Solvent Refined Coal Process

19.3.8 Solvent Refined Lignite Process

19.3.9 UOP PROCESS

19.4 Catalytic Liquefaction Processes

19.4.1 H-Coal Process

19.4.2 Synthoil Process

19.4.3 Gulf Catalytic Coal Liquids Process

19.4.4 Multistage Liquefaction Process

19.4.5 Bergius Process

19.4.6 University of Utah Process

19.4.7 Schroeder Process

19.4.8 Liquid Phase Zinc Chloride Process

19.4.9 Miscellaneous Processes

19.5 Indirect Liquefaction Processes

19.5.1 Fischer–Tropsch Process

19.5.2 Methanol Synthesis

19.5.3 Methanol-to-Gasoline

19.6 Coal Liquids Refinery

References

Chapter 20 Gasification

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Gaseous Products

20.2.1 Low-Heat-Content Gas (Low-Btu Gas)

20.2.2 Medium-Heat-Content Gas (Medium-Btu Gas)

20.2.3 High-Heat-Content Gas (High-Btu Gas)

20.2.4 Methane

20.2.5 Hydrogen

20.2.6 Other Products

20.3 Physicochemical Aspects

20.3.1 Reactions

20.3.2 Process Concepts

20.3.2.1 Pretreatment

20.3.2.2 Primary Gasification

20.3.2.3 Secondary Gasification

20.3.2.4 Shift Conversion

20.3.2.5 Hydrogasification

20.4 Process Types And Reactors

20.4.1 Reactors

20.4.2 Process Types

20.4.2.1 Fixed-Bed Processes

20.4.2.2 Fluid-Bed Processes

20.4.2.3 Entrained-Bed Processes

20.4.2.4 Molten Salt Processes

20.5 Gasification Of Coal With Biomass And Waste

20.6 Underground Gasification

20.7 Environmental Aspects

References

Chapter 21 Gasification Processes

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Fixed-Bed Processes

21.2.1 Lurgi Process

21.2.2 Wellman–Galusha Process

21.2.3 Foster–Wheeler Stoic Process

21.2.4 Woodall–Duckham Process

21.3 Fluidized-Bed Processes

21.3.1 Winkler Process

21.3.2 Hydrane Process

21.3.3 Hygas Process

21.3.4 Synthane Process

21.3.5 U-Gas Process

21.3.6 Coalcon Process (Hydrocarbonization Process)

21.3.7 Pressurized Fluid-Bed Process

21.3.8 Carbon Dioxide Acceptor Process

21.3.9 Agglomerating Burner Process

21.3.10 COED/COGAS Process

21.3.11 Catalytic Gasification Process

21.4 Entrained-Bed Processes

21.4.1 Koppers–Totzek Process

21.4.2 Bi-Gas Process

21.4.3 Entrained-Bed Process

21.4.4 Texaco Process

21.5 Molten Salt Processes

21.5.1 Atgas Process

21.5.2 Molten Salt (Rockgas) Process

21.5.3 Pullman–Kellogg Salt Process

21.5.4 Rummel Single-Shaft Molten Bath Process

21.6 Underground Gasification

21.6.1 Chamber Method (Warehouse Method)

21.6.2 Borehole Producer Method

21.6.3 Stream Method

21.6.4 Shaftless Methods

References

Chapter 22 Clean Coal Technologies

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Historical Perspectives

22.3 Modern Perspectives

22.4 Clean Coal Technology

22.4.1 Precombustion Cleaning

22.4.1.1 Physical Cleaning

22.4.1.2 Chemical/Biological Cleaning

22.4.1.3 Fuel Switching

22.4.2 Cleaning during Combustion

22.4.2.1 Advanced Combustion

22.4.2.2 Fluidized-Bed Combustion

22.4.3 Postcombustion Cleaning

22.4.3.1 Sulfur Oxide Emissions

22.4.3.2 Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

22.4.3.3 Fly Ash Emissions (Trace Element Emissions)

22.4.3.4 Mercury

22.4.3.5 Advanced Postcombustion Cleaning

22.4.4 Conversion and Added-Value Products

22.4.4.1 Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle Systems

22.4.4.2 Mild Gasification

22.4.4.3 Coal Liquefaction

22.4.4.4 Biomass Co-Firing

22.5 Managing Wastes From Coal Use

22.6 Carbon Dioxide Capture And Sequestration

References

Chapter 23 Gas Cleaning

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Environmental Legislation

23.3 General Aspects

23.4 Particulate Matter Removal

23.4.1 Cyclones

23.4.2 Electrostatic Precipitators

23.4.3 Granular-Bed Filters

23.4.4 Wet Scrubbers

23.5 Acid Gas Removal

23.6 Removal Of Sulfur-Containing Gases

23.7 Removal Of Nitrogen-Containing Gases

References

Chapter 24 Chemicals from Coal

24.1 Historical Aspects

24.2 Coal Tar Chemicals

24.3 Fischer–Tropsch Chemicals

24.3.1 Process

24.3.2 Catalysts

24.3.3 Product Distribution

24.4 Chemicals From Methane

References

Chapter 25 Environmental Aspects of Coal Use

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Production

25.2.1 DUST

25.2.2 Fugitive Emissions

25.2.3 Mine Waste Disposal

25.2.4 Mine Water Drainage

25.2.5 Subsidence

25.2.6 Noise, Vibration, and Visibility

25.2.7 Reclamation

25.3 Preparation

25.3.1 Water Treatment

25.3.2 Dust Control

25.3.3 Noise Control

25.3.4 Recent Legislation

25.4 Transportation And Storage

25.4.1 Transportation

25.4.2 Storage

25.5 Combustion

25.5.1 Fly Ash

25.5.2 Gaseous Effluents

25.5.3 Waste Effluents

25.6 Carbonization

25.7 Liquefaction

25.7.1 Gaseous Emissions

25.7.2 Aqueous Effluents

25.7.3 Solid Wastes

25.8 Gasification

25.9 Clean Coal Technologies

References

Chapter 26 Coal and Energy Security

26.1 Introduction

26.2 Energy Security

26.3 National Energy Plan And Coal Utilization

26.4 Electric Power Generation

26.5 Hydrogen From Coal

26.6 Energy Security And Sustainable Development

26.6.1 Continuing Use of Coal

26.6.2 Management of Coal Wastes

26.6.3 Sustainable Development

References

Glossary

Index

People also search for The chemistry and technology of coal 1st Edition:

the chemistry and technology of coal

the chemistry of coal

the chemistry and technology of coal pdf

coal chemical technology

Tags:

James Speight,chemistry,technology,coal