The Confabulating Mind How the Brain Creates Reality 2nd Edition by Armin Schnider 9780198789680 0198789688

1 The reality of Mrs B

2 The history of confabulation

Korsakoff’s work

Kraepelin’s falsifications of memory

Contested novelty

Bonhoeffer’s résumé

Traumatic Korsakoff syndrome

Pick’s suggestion of suggestibility

Fine distinctions

Mechanisms beyond gap-filling

Satisfaction by gap-filling

Definition by exclusion

Korsakoff syndrome coming of age

From toxicity to anatomy

Summary

3 Types of confabulation

Definitions of confabulation

Confabulations beyond memory

Different forms of confabulation

All sorts of confabulations in Mrs M

Provoked versus spontaneous confabulation

Behaviourally spontaneous confabulation

Four forms of confabulations

Evaluation of confabulations

Diagnosing behaviourally spontaneous confabulation

Special forms or different names

Summary

4 Aetiologies and anatomy of confabulation

Anatomical target regions

Confusional state

Anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture

Posterior circulation stroke

Traumatic brain injury

Alcohol and avitaminosis

Syphilis

Herpes simplex and limbic encephalitis

Tumours

Hypoxia and cardiopulmonary arrest

Schizophrenia and other psychoses

Dementia

Exceptional causes

Anatomy across aetiologies

Making sense of the data—towards a summary

Summary and conclusions

5 Disorders associated with confabulation

Provoked confabulations first

Amnesia

Disorientation

False recognition

Déjà vu

Paramnesic misidentification

Anosognosia

Summary

6 Normal false memory

False memory in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm

Flashbulb memories

How to manipulate eyewitnesses

Normal false memory versus pathological confabulation

Summary

7 Mechanisms of confabulation

Gap-filling

Motivation and personality

Executive hypothesis

Behavioural and self-monitoring

Reality and source monitoring

Memory reconstruction and content monitoring

Strategic retrieval account

Consciousness in time

Summary

8 Orbitofrontal reality filtering

How to test reality confusion

‘Suppression’ of currently irrelevant memory

Reliability of the TCC measure

Functional anatomy of reality filtering

Subcortical participation in reality filtering

Timing and impact of reality filtering

Specificity of orbitofrontal reality filtering

The need for orbitofrontal reality filtering

Basic mechanism of orbitofrontal reality filtering

Animals’ processing of absent outcomes

Human processing of absent outcomes

Confabulation and the extinction signal

Development of reality filtering in children

Clinical course and rehabilitation

Pharmacological and other interventions

Model of orbitofrontal reality filtering

Conclusion

9 Perspectives

Relation between forms of confabulation

A role for confabulation research?

References