The Fundamentals of Ethics 4th Edition by Russ Shafer Landau ISBN 0190631392 9780190631390

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ISBN 10: 0190631392 
ISBN 13: 9780190631390
Author: Russ Shafer Landau

In The Fundamentals of Ethics, Fourth Edition, author Russ Shafer-Landau employs a uniquely engaging writing style to introduce students to the essential ideas of moral philosophy. Offering more comprehensive coverage of the good life, normative ethics, and metaethics than any other text of its kind, this book also addresses issues that are often omitted from other texts, such as the doctrine of doing and allowing, the doctrine of double effect, ethical particularism, the desire-satisfaction theory of well-being, moral error theory, and Ross’s theory of prima facie duties. Shafer-Landau carefully reconstructs and analyzes dozens of arguments in depth, at a level that is understandable to students with no prior philosophical background.

Ideal for courses in introductory ethics and contemporary moral problems, this book can be used as a stand-alone text or with the author’s companion reader, The Ethical Life: Fundamental Readings in Ethics and Moral Problems, Fourth Edition.

The Fundamentals of Ethics 4th Table of contents:

• Chapter 1: Moral Theories and Ethical Frameworks

  • Overview of moral theories: Consequentialism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics, and others.
  • The concept of moral principles and their role in guiding behavior.
  • Comparing and contrasting different ethical frameworks.

• Chapter 2: Utilitarianism and Consequentialism

  • The theory of utilitarianism: Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism.
  • The principle of maximizing overall good.
  • Strengths and criticisms of consequentialist ethics.

• Chapter 3: Deontological Ethics

  • The basics of deontological ethics and its focus on duties and rules.
  • Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative.
  • Criticisms and challenges to deontological ethics.

• Chapter 4: Virtue Ethics

  • The role of character and virtues in ethical decision-making.
  • Aristotle’s concept of the “Golden Mean” and flourishing.
  • The application of virtue ethics to modern ethical dilemmas.

• Chapter 5: Ethical Relativism and Objectivism

  • The debate between relativism and objectivism in ethics.
  • Cultural relativism and moral objectivism: Are moral truths universal or relative?
  • Challenges to relativism and objectivism.

• Chapter 6: Moral Psychology and the Nature of Moral Judgment

  • The psychological foundations of moral decisions.
  • Cognitive biases, emotions, and their impact on moral judgment.
  • Theories of moral development (e.g., Kohlberg, Gilligan).

• Chapter 7: Ethical Egoism and Altruism

  • Exploring the theories of ethical egoism: Self-interest vs. moral duty.
  • The nature of altruism and the ethical value of helping others.
  • The conflict between self-interest and the welfare of others.

• Chapter 8: Justice and Fairness

  • Theories of justice: John Rawls’ Theory of Justice, social contract theory.
  • The principle of fairness in distributing benefits and burdens.
  • Justice as a cornerstone of ethical decision-making.

• Chapter 9: The Ethics of Rights and Responsibilities

  • The concept of individual rights and their moral significance.
  • Rights-based theories: Natural rights, legal rights, and human rights.
  • Balancing rights with societal responsibilities.

• Chapter 10: Ethics in Professional Life

  • Applying ethical principles in professional and business contexts.
  • Ethical dilemmas in fields like medicine, law, and business.
  • Professional codes of ethics and moral responsibility.

• Chapter 11: Ethical Issues in Contemporary Society

  • Bioethical issues: Abortion, euthanasia, cloning, and genetic engineering.
  • Environmental ethics and the moral responsibilities toward nature.
  • Social justice issues: Poverty, equality, and human rights.

• Chapter 12: Applied Ethics and Moral Decision-Making

  • How ethical theories inform real-life decision-making.
  • Case studies and practical applications of ethical theories.
  • The role of moral reasoning in resolving ethical dilemmas.

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