The Palgrave Handbook of Leisure Theory Karl Spracklen

Notes on Contributors

List of Figures

List of Tables

Introduction to the Palgrave Handbook of Leisure Theory

Preamble

Structure and Content

A Note on Leisure

References

Part I: Traditional Theories of Leisure

Introduction

Islam and Leisure

Leisure in the Islamic Tradition

Muslim Youths’ Leisure Participation in Diaspora

Leisure Facilitation by the Public or by the Muslim Communities?

Seeking “Halal Leisure”

References

Centring Leisure: A Hindu View of Leisure

Concept of Freedom in Hinduism

Methodology

Analysis of the Three States of Consciousness

The Four Great Aspirations

The Four Stages of Life

Objective of Leisure

Needed: A Critical Theory of Leisure

References

Listening to Nineteenth-Century Kanaka ʻŌiwi Voices; Re-imagining the Possibilities for Leisure

Comparative Method: A Word About Translation

Brief Summary of Context: The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1891

Comparative Method: Western Leisure Concepts or “The Hinge”

Comparative Method: Poni Mōʻī and Jubilee

Nineteenth-Century Leisure Responds

Rectification and Conclusion

References

Leisure in Latin America: A Conceptual Analysis

Introduction

Leisure Understandings of Latin American Interviewed

Final Considerations

References

The Sabbath as the Ideal Manifestation of Leisure in Traditional Jewish Thought

Introduction: From a Traditional Jewish Conception of Leisure to a Contemporary Jewish Approac

The Sabbath Between Tradition and Modernity: Features of the Sabbath in Modern Leisure Terms

Sabbath as Leisure

The Sabbath as a Time of Leisure

The Sabbath in Terms of Leisure Activities

Sabbath as a State of Mind

The Sabbath as a Value

Modern Challenges to the Sabbath

The Sabbath as an Educational Challenge for Promoting Intercultural Understanding and Tolerance

Summary and Discussion

References

Leisure Activities in Southeast Asia, from Pre-colonial Times to the Present

Pre-colonial Indigenous Leisure and Its Contemporary Manifestations

Colonial Leisure

Leisure as a Nation-Building Strategy

Globalisation and Leisure in Southeast Asia

Music and Performing Arts

Reviving Indigenous Leisure Activities

Conclusion

References

Sport, Leisure and Culture in Māori Society

Ethnography and Māori Sport and Leisure

The Revitalisation of Māori Sport and Games

Conclusions

References

Leisure Experience and Engaged Buddhism: Mindfulness as a Path to Freedom and Justice in Leisu

Mindfulness as the Path to Deepening Leisure Experiences

Noticing When We Are on Autopilot

Practicing Present Moment Awareness

Approaching with Beginner’s Mind to Understand

Growing Our Capacity to Sit with Discomfort, Enacting Patience as a Form of Wisdom Without Ju

Knowing Impermanence and Awakening Deeper Connection with Self, Others, and Environments (Interc

Letting Go (Non-attachment) to Thoughts, Feelings, or Situations We Want to Hold on to and O

Engaging Insight Leisure in Practice, Teaching, and Research in Leisure Studies

How Might We Embrace Buddhist Psychology?

How Might We Avoid Reducing Mindfulness Practice to Activity?

How Might We Avoid Reducing Mindfulness to Goal Orientation and Fixing Problems?

How Might We Shift Awareness from Doing to Explorations of Being?

How Might We Shift from Hedonism to Explore Meaning Making, Savoring, and Eudaimonia?

How Might We Create Conditions that Support Letting Go?

How Might We Embrace Paradox in Leisure Studies?

A Present Moment Awareness of Insight Leisure

References

Traditional Sport in Japan

Introduction (Preface)

Japanese Mythology and Sumo

An Outline of Japanese History and Culture

Sumo in Japanese Mythology

The History of Sumo

Traditional Sport in Japan

Sport for the Nobility

Japanese Archery

Horse Race and Equestrian Archery

Hunting and Takagari (Hawking)

Kemari (An Ancient Football Game Played in the Imperial Palace)

Dakyu (Ancient Japanese Polo)

Sport for the Common People

Tug-of-War

Chikara-Ishi (Lifting a Heavy Stone)

Festivals

The Birth and Philosophy of Budo

The Beginning of Budo

The Diffusion of Judo

The Founder of Judo, Jigoro Kano

The Spirit of Judo

Conclusion (Afterword)

Leisure and the Dao

What Is Daoism?

Wu Wei

Wu Yu

The Art of Leaving Things Undone

Desire to Not Be Needed

Jing Jie

So What Is Dao Leisure and What Leisure Pursuits Coincide with Dao Leisure?

The Two Questions

Is There a Dao of Leisure?

What Is the Daoist Relationship Between Work and Leisure?

Conclusion

References

“Have Leisure and Know that I Am God”: Christianity and Leisure

Biblical Themes and Passages Relevant to Leisure

Sabbath

Rest

Psalm 46:10

Biblical Themes Relevant to Leisure as Activity

Festivals

Feasts

Dance

Hospitality

Friendships

Leisure Practices in Luke’s Gospel

Work and Leisure in Ecclesiastes

2 Thessalonians 3:10

Christianity and Leisure Through Time: Historical Perspectives

Empirical Research on Christianity and Leisure

Conclusion

References

Part II: Rational Theories of Leisure

Leisure in Classical Greek Philosophy

References

John Locke: Recreation, Morality and Paternalism in Leisure Policy

Recreation and Morality

Locke, Empiricism, Paternalism and Recreation

Recreation, Paternalism and Morality in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Conclusion

References

Rebuking the Enlightenment Establishments, Bourgeois and Aristocratic: Rousseau’s Ambivalence Ab

Polemical Contrasts

The Citizen

The Savage

Constructive Alternatives

The Villager-Citizen

The Art of Living

References

Contracting the Right to Roam

Introduction

Life Politics and Allemannsretten

Allemannsretten Versus the Green Leviathan

Allemannsretten and Justice as Sustainable Fairness

Towards an Inclusive and Sustainable Leisure Citizenship

Concluding Thoughts

References

Leisure and Radical Jacobinism

Introduction

The Enlightenment’s Radical Context: 1600–1700

Thomas Paine

Leisure in the Documents of the American Revolution

Leisure in the Documents of the French Revolution

The Failure of Radical Jacobinism

References

John Stuart Mill and Leisure

Utilitarianism

The Subjection of Women

Modern Applications of Mill

References

Unproductive Leisure and Resented Work: A Brief Incursion in Hegel (and in Nietzsche)

Introduction

The Absolute Idealism of Hegel

The Slave–Lord Dialectic: The Problem of Recognition

Desire and Work

Conclusion

References

John Dewey: Purposeful Play as Leisure

John Dewey

Labour and Leisure

Activity and Experience

Play and Unification

Back to Dewey in Key West

Concluding Remarks

References

Durkheim and Leisure

Introduction

Leisure as a Social Fact

Leisure and the Division of Labour

Leisure and the Sacred

Leisure and the Deviance (Anomy)

Durkheim Revisited

References

Why Veblen Matters: The Role of Status Seeking in Contemporary Leisure

Introduction

Emulation, Conspicuous Leisure, and Conspicuous Consumption

Necessity and Keeping Up Appearances

If It’s Expensive, It Must Be Good

Emulation and Collecting

The Leisure Class Transfigured

Conclusions

References

Max Weber and Leisure

Introduction

The Protestant Ethic and the Absence of Leisure

Weber’s Foundations

Building on Weber

Bureaucracy and the Rationalization of Leisure

Weber’s Foundations

Building on Weber

Social Inequality and Leisure: Class, Status, Party

Weber’s Foundations

Building on Weber

Conclusion

References

Flow Theory and Leisure

Introduction

Flow Theory and the Leisure Experience: Contributions and Critique

Flow Theory and Leisure Activities: Limitations and Extensions

Articulating a Tentative Ecology of Leisure Involvement

Concluding Remarks

References

Serious Leisure: Past, Present, and Possibilities

Introduction

Overview and Origins of Serious Leisure

Serious Leisure Defined

Serious Leisure as a Research Framework

Critiques of Serious Leisure

The Static Definition of Serious Leisure

Does Serious Leisure Constitute Theory?

Activity Focus of Serious Leisure

Ambiguity of Relationship Between Serious and Casual Leisure

The “Benefits” Focus of Serious Leisure

Is Serious Leisure Still Relevant?

References

Part III: Structural Theories of Leisure

Marx, Alienation and Dialectics Within Leisure

Alienation

Leisure and Alienation

Conclusion

References

The Dialectics of Work and Leisure in Marx, Lukács, and Lefebvre

References

“Let’s Murder the Moonlight!” Futurism, Anti-Humanism and Leisure

Introduction: Getting Back to the Futurists

Futurism

“Humanity Is Mediocre”: From Humanism Toward Anti-Humanism

Conclusion: Leisure and Futurism

References

The Frankfurt School, Leisure and Consumption

Introduction: The Problem with Marxism

History of the Frankfurt School and Critical Theory

The Culture Industry

Case Study: RuPaul’s Drag Race

Conclusions

References

Leisure, Instrumentality and Communicative Action

Introduction

Habermas in Context

The Public Sphere

Juridification

Communicative Rationality and Instrumentality

Leisure in the Work of Habermas

Communicative and Instrumental Leisure: Spracklen (2009, 2011, 2013, 2015)

References

Leisure and Hegemony

Introduction

Leisure as a Form of Control

Leisure and Work: Hegemony in Action

Counter Hegemony

Struggles/Gender Identity/Self-formation

Conclusion

References

Reclaiming the “F-word”: Structural Feminist Theories of Leisure

Structural Feminist Theories

Liberal Feminism: Reforming Gender Inequality

Mary Wollstonecraft: Educational Equality

Critiques of Liberal Feminism

Summary

Radical Feminism: Revolutionizing Patriarchy

Simone de Beauvoir: Women as The Second Sex

Critiques of Radical Feminism

Summary

Structural Feminist Critiques of Leisure

Health

Women’s Experiences of Infertility in a Pronatalist Society

Women’s Recovery from Depression

Physical Activity

History and Sociology of Women’s Sports

Women’s Ice Hockey and the Politics of Gender

Popular Culture

Young Women, Femininity, and Feminism

Young Men, Media Consumption, and Masculinity

Conclusion

References

A Critical Expansion of Theories on Race and Ethnicity in Leisure Studies

W.E.B. Du Bois: Theories of “The Veil” and “Double Consciousness”

Frantz Fanon: “Theory of Racialization” and “Theory of Colonial Identity”

Edward Said: “Theory of Orientalism”

Michèle Lamont: “Social Boundaries Theory”

John B. McConahay and Joseph C. Hough: “Symbolic Racism Theory”

Herbert Blalock: “Racial Threat Theory”

John Gaertner and Samuel Dovidio: “Aversive Racism Theory”

Kimberle Crenshaw: “Intersectional Theory”

Conclusion

References

Spasticus Auticus: Thinking About Disability, Culture and Leisure Beyond the “Walkie Talkies”

Disability, Leisure and Rebellion

Social and Historical Perspectives on Disability and Leisure

Popular Culture and the Politics of Disablement

Challenging Leisure Spaces: The Right to Be Included

Re-imagining Leisure: No Triumph and No Tragedy

References

Leisure, Media, and Consumption: The Flavour of Rock in Rio

Introduction

Media, Culture, Leisure

Consumption, Communication, and Leisure in Cities

Leisure as a Business Opportunity

The Experience Uniting Consumption and Leisure

Conclusions and Other Considerations

References

Leisure and “The Civilising Process”

Introduction

The Civilising Process: A Brief Outline

Leisure, the Civilising Process and Public Conversation

Leisure and the Civilising Process: The Quest for Excitement

The Civilising Process: It’s Here, It’s There, It’s…

References

The Politics of Leisure in Totalitarian Societies

Introduction

Understanding the Role of Leisure in the Construction of Totalitarian Politics

Reconsidering the Politics of Leisure in Totalitarianism: Conclusions

References

Leisure, Community, and the Stranger

Introduction

Identity

The Predefined Identity

Reassembling the Puzzle of Identity

The Realm of Leisure

Stranger

A Clearly Defined Mental Construct

Can Reduced Distances Reduce Strangeness?

Stranger or Strangeness?

Conclusion

References

Part IV: Post-structural Theories of Leisure

Introduction

References

Postmodernity and Leisure

Introduction

Lyotard and the Postmodern Condition

Paralogy, the Sublime and Leisure

But What If “We Have Never Been Modern?”: Latour and the Amodern

Actor Network Theory and Leisure

Conclusion

References

Leisure, Risk and Reflexivity

Introduction

Beck’s Risk Society

Leisure and Risk

Conclusions and Questions

References

Thinking Through Post-structuralism in Leisure Studies: A Detour Around “Proper” Humanist Know

What Are the Legacies of Humanism?

Complicating Humanism

What Must We Consider When Thinking Through Post-structuralism?

Accessibility, Transparency, Clarity

What Is the Post in POST-structuralism?

What Might Post-structuralism Be?

Critiques of Relativism

Post-structuralism Versus Postmodernism

Deconstructing Humanist Leisure Studies Through Post-structuralism

Deconstructing Our Common Sense Attachments

Asking Questions Differently

The Ethical Imperative to “Keep Reading” and Speak Outside Ourselves

References

Who Should Inhabit Leisure? Disability, Embodiment, and Access to Leisure

Disability Defined

The Moving Target of Disability

Historical

Political

Theoretical Versions

Disability and Leisure

A Paradigm Shift Using Social Justice

Framing Leisure in Principles of Social Justice

Summary

References

Leisure and Diaspora

Introduction

Diaspora: Key Ideas, Phases and Critique

Leisure Identities and Practices in the Context of Transnational Human Movement

Situating Leisure Within Diasporas and Diasporas Within Leisure

References

You Make Me Feel Mighty Real: Hyperreality and Leisure Theory

Introduction