The Power of Critical Thinking Effective Reasoning about Ordinary and Extraordinary Claims 6th Edition by Lewis Vaughn ISBN 0190852712 9780190852719

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ISBN 10: 0190852712 
ISBN 13: 9780190852719
Author: Lewis Vaughn

The Power of Critical Thinking: Effective Reasoning About Ordinary and Extraordinary Claims, Sixth Edition, provides the broadest range of tools to show students how critical thinking applies in their lives and the world around them. It explores the essentials of critical reasoning, argumentation, logic, and argumentative essay writing while also incorporating important topics that most other texts leave out, such as “inference to the best explanation,” scientific reasoning, evidence and authority, visual reasoning, and obstacles to critical thinking.

The Power of Critical Thinking Effective Reasoning about Ordinary and Extraordinary Claims 6th Table of contents:

1. Introduction to Critical Thinking

• 1.1 What is Critical Thinking?
• 1.2 The Importance of Critical Thinking
• 1.3 The Nature of Critical Thinking
• 1.4 The History of Critical Thinking
• 1.5 The Value of Reasoning in Everyday Life

2. Reasoning and Argument

• 2.1 The Structure of Arguments
• 2.2 Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
• 2.3 Validity, Soundness, and Strength
• 2.4 Types of Arguments
• 2.5 Argument Forms and Fallacies

3. Evaluating Arguments

• 3.1 The Criteria of Good Arguments
• 3.2 How to Critically Evaluate Arguments
• 3.3 Common Fallacies in Reasoning
• 3.4 Avoiding Cognitive Biases
• 3.5 Logical, Rhetorical, and Emotional Appeals

4. Causal Reasoning

• 4.1 Understanding Causation
• 4.2 Establishing Causal Claims
• 4.3 Causal Fallacies
• 4.4 The Importance of Correlation vs. Causation
• 4.5 Evaluating Evidence for Causal Claims

5. The Nature of Evidence

• 5.1 Types of Evidence
• 5.2 Sources of Evidence
• 5.3 Evaluating the Quality of Evidence
• 5.4 The Role of Statistics in Reasoning
• 5.5 Testing Claims through Experimentation

6. Scientific Reasoning

• 6.1 The Scientific Method
• 6.2 Hypotheses, Predictions, and Tests
• 6.3 Science vs. Pseudoscience
• 6.4 Evaluating Scientific Claims
• 6.5 The Role of Peer Review in Science

7. Extraordinary Claims and Extraordinary Evidence

• 7.1 What Makes a Claim Extraordinary?
• 7.2 Evaluating Extraordinary Claims
• 7.3 The Burden of Proof
• 7.4 The Role of Evidence in Extraordinary Claims
• 7.5 Evaluating Claims of the Paranormal and Supernatural

8. Evaluating the Claims of Experts

• 8.1 Understanding Expertise
• 8.2 Trusting Experts: When and Why
• 8.3 Evaluating Expert Testimony
• 8.4 The Role of Consensus in Expertise
• 8.5 Avoiding False Experts

9. The Ethics of Critical Thinking

• 9.1 The Ethics of Reasoning
• 9.2 The Responsibility of Critical Thinkers
• 9.3 Intellectual Virtue and Integrity
• 9.4 Moral and Political Implications of Critical Thinking
• 9.5 Ethical Decision-Making and Judgment

10. Critical Thinking and Everyday Life

• 10.1 Applying Critical Thinking to Personal Decisions
• 10.2 Reasoning about Social and Political Issues
• 10.3 Evaluating Advertisements, News, and Media
• 10.4 Critical Thinking in Relationships
• 10.5 Improving Critical Thinking Skills

11. Conclusion: The Power of Critical Thinking

• 11.1 Why Critical Thinking Matters
• 11.2 The Lifelong Journey of Becoming a Critical Thinker
• 11.3 Continuing the Practice of Reasoning
• 11.4 Final Thoughts on Developing Good Judgment

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