The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Social Science 1st Edition by Lee Mcintyre, Alex Rosenberg ISBN 9781315410074 1315410079

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ISBN 10: 1315410079
ISBN 13: 9781315410074 
Author: Lee Mcintyre, Alex Rosenberg

The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Social Science 1st Edition Table of contents:

Part I Historical and Philosophical Context

1 Comte and the Positivist Vision

1 “Treating Politics in a Scientific Manner”: Naturalism and Social Science

2 A Qualified Empiricist: Intellectualism and Historicism in Comte

3 Holism and the Synthetic Perspective.

4 Positive Methods in Sociology and the Proscription of Mathematics.

5 Unification vs. Reductionism: Positivism and Materialism

6 Positive Sociology and Positive Politics

References

2 Durkheim and the Methods of Scientific Sociology

Introduction

Durkheim’s Reception in the Social Sciences

Social Facts

Methods of Inquiry

Methods of Persuasion

Methods of Explanation

What is Problematic about Durkheim’s Methods

What is Valuable in Durkheim’s Methodology

Note

References

Further Reading

3 Verstehen and the Reaction against Positivism

I A Broad Account of Verstehen

II Some Common But Mistaken Definitions of Verstehen

III The Positivist Reply to Verstehen

IV Beyond Verstehen

Notes

4 The Development of Logical Empiricism

References

Further Reading

5 Popper’s Influence on the Social Sciences

1 Introduction

2 The Philosophy of Science

3 Philosophy of Social Science

4 Some Sociological Issues

5 Conclusion

Notes

References

6 Kuhn’s Influence on the Social Sciences

Kuhn’s Structure

Initial Reactions to Structure: Some Archival Evidence

The Scientific Status of the Social Sciences

Social Scientific Paradigms: Their Ubiquity and their Relevance

The Place of Revolutionary Changes of Theory in the Social Sciences

The Elephant in the Room: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK)

Kuhn and the Social Sciences: A Coda

Notes

References

Archival Sources

7 Interpretivism and Critical Theory

1 Introduction

2 Interpretivism

3 Critical Theory

References

8 The Empirical Counter-Revolution

Experimenting with the Social

Case Studies and Process Tracing

Coordinated Empiricism

Big Data

Throwing the Interpretive Baby Out with the Normative Bathwater

Notes

References

Part II Concepts

9 Explanation

Introduction

The Place for Laws in Explaining Why

Functional Explanations as How-Explanations

Explanatory Information in Forms Other Than Generalizations?

Note

References

10 Reductionism

1 Prospects for Theory Reduction

2 How Individualist Can We Be and How Holist Must We Be?

3 Mechanisms and Reduction

4 Other Issues

References

11 Emergence

Relational Emergence

Supervenience-Based Emergence

Generative Emergence

Conclusion

Notes

References

Further Reading

12 Methodological Individualism

1 The Many Faces of Methodological Individualism

2 The Dialectics of the Debate

3 The Difficulty of Being Precise

4 Methodological Individualism in Action

5 The Primacy of Agency

6 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

13 Functionalism

Functional Analysis

Functional Taxonomies and Functional Explanation

Functionalism’s Problem of Teleology

Challenges for a Darwinian Vindication of Social Functions

Notes

References

14 Naturalism

Introduction

Philosophical Background

Ontological Naturalism

Methodological Naturalism

Conclusion

References

Further Reading

15 Game Theory

1 Normal Form Games

2 Extensive Form Games

3 Games and Norms

4 Epistemic Foundations

5 Repeated Games

References

16 Situational Analysis

1 Origins and Nature of Situational Analysis

2 The Methodology of Situational Analysis

3 Situational Analysis and the Methodology of the Natural Sciences

Notes

References

17 Bias in Social Science Experiments

Evidence for Causation in Social Science

Randomized Controlled Experiments: An Ideal

The Virtues of Experimental Method

In the Laboratory and in the Field

Methodological Bias

Conclusions

References

18 Causal Inference and Modeling

Introduction

The Robust Dependence View on Causal Inference

The Potential Outcome Model and the Manipulationist View of Causal Inference

Multivariate Models and Causal Inference

Theoretical Modeling and the Generative Account of Causation

Theoretical Models of Social Mechanisms and Causal Inference

Conclusion

Notes

References

Further Reading

19 Collective Intentionality

1 Introduction

2 Collective Action and Intention

2.1 Plural Agency

2.2 Shared Intention

3 The Role of Collective Intentionality in Our Understanding of the Social

3.1 Singular Group Agents

3.2 Conventions

3.3 Status Functions and Roles

3.4 Institutions as Networks of Status Roles

3.5 Proxy Agency in Institutional Action

3.6 Social Norms and Status Functions

4 Collective Attitudes Other than Intention

5 Summary and Conclusion

References

20 Microfoundations

What Is a Microfoundation?

The Appeal of the Microfoundations Approach

Microfoundations as Social Ontology

Technical Practices

Do Social Structures Have Microfoundations?

Coleman’s “House of Cards”

Reformulation

References

21 Social Ontology

1 Building the Social World

2 The Individualism–Holism Debates

3 Approaches to Anchoring

4 Institutions and Organizations

5 Collective Intentionality

6 Looking Forward

References

22 Realism and Antirealism

Introduction

1 Should We Believe What Social Science Tells Us?

1.1 The Explanatory Argument

1.2 Explanatory Pessimism

1.3 Fictionalism

2 Are Social Groups Real?

2.1 Eliminativism

2.2 Reductionism

3 Can Things be Real and “Constructed”?

3.1 Kinds of Dependence

3.2 Objectivity

4 Conclusion

Notes

References

Further Reading

23 Critical Realism

Introduction

Post-Positivist Naturalism

Emergence and Morphogenesis

Is the Structure–Agency Problem a Real Problem?

Two Critiques of the Critical Realist Solution to the Structure–Agency Problem

The Role of Criticism

References

24 Objectivity

1 Received Views and Issues Redressed

1.1 Objectivity and Man-Made Facts

1.2 Do Values Detract from Objectivity?

2 From Theory to Practice

2.1 The Objectivity of ‘Evidence-Based’ Policy

2.2 Is Expert Judgment Objective?

Notes

References

Part III Debates

25 Are There Social Scientific Laws?

1 Introduction

2 Regularity Plus X

2.1 Systems

2.2 Universals

2.3 Induction

2.4 Causality

3 Qualified Regularities

3.1 Ceteris Paribus Laws

3.2 Causal Tendencies

4 In Favor of Tendency Laws

5 Are There Social Scientific Laws?

6 Conclusions

Notes

References

26 Behavioral Economics

1 Introduction

2 Main Elements of Behavioral Economics

3 Hyperbolic Discounting

4 Nudge

5 Conclusions

References

27 Machine Epistemology and Big Data

Notes

References

28 Evolutionary Psychology

Introduction

Evolutionary Psychology’s Research Program

Debates about Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology and Human Nature

Evolutionary Psychology and Adaptationism

Alternate Evolutionary Hypotheses about the Origin of Mindreading

Conclusion

References

29 Cognitive Science

The Standard Computational Model and Its Logic

Beyond the Standard Model?

The Theory of Mind Module

Fast and Slow

The Alternatives

References

30 The Social Construction of Knowledge

1 Back to Bacon: The Legal Origins of Social Constructivism

2 Kant’s Constructivist Metaphysics and the History and Philosophy of Science

3 Social Constructivism Becomes Sociology: The Legacy of Berger and Luckmann

References

31 Feminism in Social Research

Counting Women

“Doing” Gender

Measuring Change: Thinking about Progress

Authenticity, Self-Expression, and Gendered Choices

Gender and Sex

Notes

References

32 Race in Social Research

1 Introduction

2 Racial Categories

3 Race in the USA

4 Defining Race

5 Official Racial Categories

6 Assigning Race

7 Actual Race

8 Pluralism

9 Ancestry

10 Mixed Race

11 Genetics

12 Race within the Social Sciences

13 Conclusion

References

Part IV Individual Sciences

33 Philosophy of Economics

Core Economic Concepts

Rationality

Welfare

Economic Science

Economic and Other Valuation

References

34 Philosophy of History

In the Beginning

The Logic of Narratives: Three Theses

Histories of Reason

Notes

References

35 Philosophy of Psychology

1 Common-Sense Psychology: Reductionism, Realism, Eliminativism, and Instrumentalism

1.1 Reductionism

1.2 Realism

1.3 Eliminativism

1.4 Instrumentalism

2 Mindreading

3 Rationality

4 Philosophy of Psychiatry

5 Conclusion

Notes

References

36 Philosophy of Sociology and Anthropology

1 Introduction

2 The Reification of Culture

3 Alternative Conceptions of Culture

4 Social Norms

5 Concepts of Culture and their Consequences for Normativity

6 Conclusion

Notes

References

37 Why Is There No Philosophy of Political Science?

Voting

Democracy

Freedom

Conclusion

Notes

References

Index

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